scholarly journals Why do melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells have the greatest sensitivity to blue light?

2014 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. e308-e309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Asakawa ◽  
Hitoshi Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion

scholarly journals In search of blue-light effects on cognitive control

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsing-Hao Lee ◽  
Yun-Chen Tu ◽  
Su-Ling Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Stroop Effect ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Light Effects ◽  
Response Task ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractPeople are constantly exposed to blue light while engaging in work. It is thus crucial to understand if vast exposure to blue light influences cognitive control, which is essential for working efficiently. Previous studies proposed that the stimulation of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), a newly discovered photoreceptor that is highly sensitive to blue light, could modulate non-image forming functions. Despite studies that showed blue light (or ipRGCs) enhances brain activations in regions related to cognitive control, how exposure to blue light changes our cognitive control behaviorally remains elusive. We examined whether blue light influences cognitive control through three behavioral tasks in three studies: the sustained attention to response task (SART), the task-switching paradigm, and the Stroop task. Classic effects of the SART, switch cost, and the Stroop effect were found, but no differences were observed in results of different background lights across the six experiments. Together, we conclude that these domains of cognitive control are not influenced by blue light and ipRGCs, and whether the enhancement of blue light on brain activities extends to the behavioral level should be carefully re-examined.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction of retinal ganglion cells injury exposures in long-term blue light

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1854-1863
Author(s):  
Ke-Xin Guo ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Pei Zhang ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Zi-Yuan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Metabolic Remodeling

AIM: To investigate the phototoxic effect of long-term excessive narrow-band blue light in staurosporine-induced differentiated retinal ganglion cells-5 (SSRGC-5). METHODS: SSRGC-5 cells were divided into two groups, blue light group (BL group) and control group. Cell viability was assessed by using CCK-8 assay. Metabolic profile analysis was performed by using Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer. Mitochondria ultrastructure were studied via transmission electron microscope (TEM). Mitochondria contents and oxidative stress was evaluated by flow cytometry. Western blotting was performed to monitor the changes in mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway and PI3K/AKT pathway. RESULTS: Blue light caused morphological changes of SSRGC-5 cells. The cell viability was significantly decreased from 3h in BL group. Intercellular ROS and mitochondrial superoxide levels were increased following blue light exposure. Metabolic profiling identified blue light induced SSRGC-5 cells to have severely compromised mitochondrial function. This was accompanied by impaired mitochondrial ultrastructure and remodeling, increased expression of the mitochondrial related proteins, and increased glycolysis as compensation. Moreover, the results showed that blue light induced higher expression of p-p38, p38, p-JNK, p-ERK, p-c-Jun, c-Jun, and p-AKT. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that excessive narrow-band blue light induces oxidative stress and mitochondrial metabolic remodeling dysregulate in SSRGC-5 cells. Activated MAPK and AKT signaling pathways are involved in this process.

scholarly journals Masking of a circadian behavior in larval zebrafish involves the thalamo-habenula pathway

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Lin ◽  
Suresh Jesuthasan
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
Thalamic Nucleus ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Larval Zebrafish ◽  
Circadian Behavior

AbstractLight has the ability to disrupt or mask behavior that is normally controlled by the circadian clock. In mammals, masking requires melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells that detect blue light and project to the thalamus. It is not known whether masking is wavelength-dependent in other vertebrates, nor is it clear what higher circuits are involved. Here, we address these questions in zebrafish. We find that diel vertical migration, a circadian behavior in larval zebrafish, is effectively masked by blue, but not by red light. Two-photon calcium imaging reveals that a retino-recipient thalamic nucleus and a downstream structure, the habenula, are tuned to blue light. Lesioning the habenula inhibits light-evoked climbing. These data suggest that a thalamo-habenula pathway may be involved in the ability of blue light to mask circadian behavior.

Calcium Signals Induced By Tonic Firing In Rat Retinal Ganglion Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyril I. Kuznetsov ◽  
Vitaliy Yu. Maslov ◽  
Svetlana A. Fedulova ◽  
Nikolai S. Veselovsky
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Calcium Signals ◽  
Tonic Firing
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