scholarly journals Masking of a circadian behavior in larval zebrafish involves the thalamo-habenula pathway

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Lin ◽  
Suresh Jesuthasan
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
Thalamic Nucleus ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Larval Zebrafish ◽  
Circadian Behavior

AbstractLight has the ability to disrupt or mask behavior that is normally controlled by the circadian clock. In mammals, masking requires melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells that detect blue light and project to the thalamus. It is not known whether masking is wavelength-dependent in other vertebrates, nor is it clear what higher circuits are involved. Here, we address these questions in zebrafish. We find that diel vertical migration, a circadian behavior in larval zebrafish, is effectively masked by blue, but not by red light. Two-photon calcium imaging reveals that a retino-recipient thalamic nucleus and a downstream structure, the habenula, are tuned to blue light. Lesioning the habenula inhibits light-evoked climbing. These data suggest that a thalamo-habenula pathway may be involved in the ability of blue light to mask circadian behavior.

scholarly journals In search of blue-light effects on cognitive control

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsing-Hao Lee ◽  
Yun-Chen Tu ◽  
Su-Ling Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Stroop Effect ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Light Effects ◽  
Response Task ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractPeople are constantly exposed to blue light while engaging in work. It is thus crucial to understand if vast exposure to blue light influences cognitive control, which is essential for working efficiently. Previous studies proposed that the stimulation of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), a newly discovered photoreceptor that is highly sensitive to blue light, could modulate non-image forming functions. Despite studies that showed blue light (or ipRGCs) enhances brain activations in regions related to cognitive control, how exposure to blue light changes our cognitive control behaviorally remains elusive. We examined whether blue light influences cognitive control through three behavioral tasks in three studies: the sustained attention to response task (SART), the task-switching paradigm, and the Stroop task. Classic effects of the SART, switch cost, and the Stroop effect were found, but no differences were observed in results of different background lights across the six experiments. Together, we conclude that these domains of cognitive control are not influenced by blue light and ipRGCs, and whether the enhancement of blue light on brain activities extends to the behavioral level should be carefully re-examined.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction of retinal ganglion cells injury exposures in long-term blue light

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1854-1863
Author(s):  
Ke-Xin Guo ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Pei Zhang ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Zi-Yuan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Metabolic Remodeling

AIM: To investigate the phototoxic effect of long-term excessive narrow-band blue light in staurosporine-induced differentiated retinal ganglion cells-5 (SSRGC-5). METHODS: SSRGC-5 cells were divided into two groups, blue light group (BL group) and control group. Cell viability was assessed by using CCK-8 assay. Metabolic profile analysis was performed by using Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer. Mitochondria ultrastructure were studied via transmission electron microscope (TEM). Mitochondria contents and oxidative stress was evaluated by flow cytometry. Western blotting was performed to monitor the changes in mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway and PI3K/AKT pathway. RESULTS: Blue light caused morphological changes of SSRGC-5 cells. The cell viability was significantly decreased from 3h in BL group. Intercellular ROS and mitochondrial superoxide levels were increased following blue light exposure. Metabolic profiling identified blue light induced SSRGC-5 cells to have severely compromised mitochondrial function. This was accompanied by impaired mitochondrial ultrastructure and remodeling, increased expression of the mitochondrial related proteins, and increased glycolysis as compensation. Moreover, the results showed that blue light induced higher expression of p-p38, p38, p-JNK, p-ERK, p-c-Jun, c-Jun, and p-AKT. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that excessive narrow-band blue light induces oxidative stress and mitochondrial metabolic remodeling dysregulate in SSRGC-5 cells. Activated MAPK and AKT signaling pathways are involved in this process.

scholarly journals Studying a Light Sensor with Light: Multiphoton Imaging in the Retina

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Euler ◽  
Katrin Franke ◽  
Tom Baden
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Light Stimulus ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Multiphoton Imaging ◽  
Vertebrate Retina ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
All Optical ◽  
The Brain

Two-photon imaging of light stimulus-evoked neuronal activity has been used to study all neuron classes in the vertebrate retina, from the photoreceptors to the retinal ganglion cells. Clearly, the ability to study retinal circuits down to the level of single synapses or zoomed out at the level of complete populations of neurons, has been a major asset in our understanding of this beautiful circuit. In this chapter, we discuss the possibilities and pitfalls of using an all-optical approach in this highly light-sensitive part of the brain.

scholarly journals Retinal waves but not visual experience are required for development of retinal direction selectivity maps

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Tiriac ◽  
Karina Bistrong ◽  
Marla Feller
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
Visual Experience ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Direction Selectivity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Retinal Waves ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Eye Opening

Retinal waves and visual experience have been implicated in the formation of retinotopic and eye-specific maps throughout the visual system, but whether either play a role in the development of the maps within the retina itself is unknown. We explore this question using direction-selective retinal ganglion cells, which are organized into a map that aligns to the body and gravitational axes of optic flow. Using two-photon population calcium imaging, we find that the direction selectivity map is present at eye opening and is unaltered by dark-rearing. Remarkably, the horizontal component of the direction selectivity map is absent in mice lacking normal retinal waves, whereas the vertical component remains normal. These results indicate that intrinsic patterns of activity, rather than extrinsic motion signals are critical for the establishment of direction selectivity maps in the retina.

scholarly journals What the Zebrafish’s Eye Tells the Zebrafish’s Brain: Retinal Ganglion Cells for Prey Capture and Colour Vision

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Zhou ◽  
J Bear ◽  
PA Roberts ◽  
FK Janiak ◽  
J Semmelhack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Colour Vision ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Spectral Contrast ◽  
Larval Zebrafish

ABSTRACTIn vertebrate vision, the tetrachromatic larval zebrafish permits non-invasive monitoring and manipulating of neural activity across the nervous system in vivo during ongoing behaviour. However, despite a perhaps unparalleled understanding of links between zebrafish brain circuits and visual behaviours, comparatively little is known about what their eyes send to the brain in the first place via retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Major gaps in knowledge include any information on spectral coding, and information on potentially critical variations in RGC properties across the retinal surface to acknowledge asymmetries in the statistics of natural visual space and behavioural demands. Here, we use in vivo two photon (2P) imaging during hyperspectral visual stimulation as well as photolabeling of RGCs to provide the first eye-wide functional and anatomical census of RGCs in larval zebrafish.We find that RGCs’ functional and structural properties differ across the eye and include a notable population of UV-responsive On-sustained RGCs that are only found in the acute zone, likely to support visual prey capture of UV-bright zooplankton. Next, approximately half of RGCs display diverse forms of colour opponency - long in excess of what would be required to satisfy traditional models of colour vision. However, most information on spectral contrast was intermixed with temporal information. To consolidate this series of unexpected findings, we propose that zebrafish may use a novel “dual-achromatic” strategy segregated by a spectrally intermediate background subtraction system. Specifically, our data is consistent with a model where traditional achromatic image-forming vision is mainly driven by long-wavelength sensitive circuits, while in parallel UV-sensitive circuits serve a second achromatic system of foreground-vision that serves prey capture and, potentially, predator evasion.

Classification of turtle retinal ganglion cells

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 723-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Granda ◽  
J. E. Fulbrook
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Adaptation Level ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Transient Responses ◽  
Stimulus Movement

1. Receptive fields of 78 retinal ganglion cells were analyzed for their responses to moving and stationary lights that were presented under a variety of stimulus conditions. All cells were sensitive to moving stimuli, and their receptive fields often comprised excitatory and inhibitory sub-regions. 2. Properties used in the classification included responses to stationary flashed stimuli, receptive-field organization, changes in stimulus wavelength and adaptation, movement velocity, and direction of stimulus movement. Eight functional cell classes were derived: simple, ON-sustained, annular, wavelength-sensitive, directionally selective, bar-shaped, large-field, and velocity. 3. Simple cells, representing 21% of the sample, had circular or oval receptive fields of 3-22 degrees that gave transient responses to stationary, flashed lights. Many of these cells, but not all, showed antagonistic center-surround organizations. ON-sustained cells responded for the duration of the stimulus flash or for the duration of a light flash moving through the receptive field. These units comprised 8% of the sample; they had small, circular, non-directional receptive fields and they were most sensitive to red light. Their field sizes did not vary with changes in adaptation level. 4. Annular cells (4% of the sample) gave no responses to any stimulation in the field center, but they responded strongly to stimulation in the surround area, especially to stimuli that moved very slowly through the region. Annular cells were nondirectional, with circular centers of 5-6 degrees diam and annular surround widths of 2-4 degrees. They responded best in light adaptation. 5. Wavelength-sensitive cells, similar to most of the cells sampled, were sensitive to red light when light-adapted. Some cells in addition showed input from rods under dark adaptation. Intensity-response curves for these latter cells showed clear changes from one input to the other as the cells' functional ranges were explored. Some cells responded best to short- or middle-wavelength light, but these were more rarely met. Where multiple receptor inputs could be identified, long-wavelength stimuli evoked transient responses, whereas short-wavelength stimuli favored more sustained spike trains. Wavelength-sensitive cells in this category comprised 5% of the sample.

scholarly journals Long-Term Narrowband Lighting Influences Activity but Not Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cell-Driven Pupil Responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linjiang Lou ◽  
Baskar Arumugam ◽  
Li-Fang Hung ◽  
Zhihui She ◽  
Krista M. Beach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
White Light ◽  
Short Wavelength ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Ambient Lighting

Purpose: Light affects a variety of non-image forming processes, such as circadian rhythm entrainment and the pupillary light reflex, which are mediated by intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of long- and short-wavelength ambient lighting on activity patterns and pupil responses in rhesus monkeys.Methods: Infant rhesus monkeys were reared under either broadband “white” light (n = 14), long-wavelength “red” light (n = 20; 630 nm), or short-wavelength “blue” light (n = 21; 465 nm) on a 12-h light/dark cycle starting at 24.1 ± 2.6 days of age. Activity was measured for the first 4 months of the experimental period using a Fitbit activity tracking device and quantified as average step counts during the daytime (lights-on) and nighttime (lights-off) periods. Pupil responses to 1 s red (651 nm) and blue (456 nm) stimuli were measured after approximately 8 months. Pupil metrics included maximum constriction and the 6 s post-illumination pupil response (PIPR).Results: Activity during the lights-on period increased with age during the first 10 weeks (p < 0.001 for all) and was not significantly different for monkeys reared in white, red, or blue light (p = 0.07). Activity during the 12-h lights-off period was significantly greater for monkeys reared in blue light compared to those in white light (p = 0.02), but not compared to those in red light (p = 0.08). However, blue light reared monkeys exhibited significantly lower activity compared to both white and red light reared monkeys during the first hour of the lights-off period (p = 0.01 for both) and greater activity during the final hour of the lights-off period (p < 0.001 for both). Maximum pupil constriction and the 6 s PIPR to 1 s red and blue stimuli were not significantly different between groups (p > 0.05 for all).Conclusion: Findings suggest that long-term exposure to 12-h narrowband blue light results in greater disruption in nighttime behavioral patterns compared to narrowband red light. Normal pupil responses measured later in the rearing period suggest that ipRGCs adapt after long-term exposure to narrowband lighting.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document