Root-zone management practices impact above and belowground growth in Cabernet Franc grapevines

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Centinari ◽  
J.E. Vanden Heuvel ◽  
M. Goebel ◽  
M.S. Smith ◽  
T.L. Bauerle
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Cabernet Franc ◽  
Zone Management

Managing Landscape Irrigation to Avoid Soil and Nutrient Losses

EDIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Hochmuth ◽  
Laurie Trenholm ◽  
Don Rainey ◽  
Esen Momol ◽  
Claire Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
County Agents ◽  
The Right ◽  
Soil And Water

Proper irrigation management is critical to conserve and protect water resources and to properly manage nutrients in the home landscape. How lawns and landscapes are irrigated directly impacts the natural environment, so landscape maintenance professionals and homeowners must adopt environmentally-friendly approaches to irrigation management. After selecting the right plant for the right place, water is the next critical factor to establish and maintain a healthy lawn and landscape. Fertilization is another important component of lawn and landscape maintenance, and irrigation must be applied correctly, especially following fertilization, to minimize potential nutrient losses. This publication supplements other UF/IFAS Extension publications that also include information on the role of soil and the root zone in irrigation management. This publication is designed to help UF/IFAS Extension county agents prepare materials to directly address nutrient losses from lawns and landscapes caused by inadequate irrigation management practices. This 6-page fact sheet was written by George Hochmuth, Laurie Trenholm, Don Rainey, Esen Momol, Claire Lewis, and Brian Niemann, and published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, October 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss586

Field Measurements and Simulation of Nitrogen Fate under Citrus Production

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 498c-498
Author(s):  
A. Fares ◽  
A.K. Alva ◽  
S. Paramasivam
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Citrus Production

Water and nitrogen (N) are important inputs for most crop production. The main objectives of nitrogen best management practices (NBMP) are to improve N and water management to maximize the uptake efficiency and minimize the leaching losses. This require a complete understanding of fate of N and water mass balance within and below the root zone of the crop in question. The fate of nitrogen applied for citrus production in sandy soils (>95% sand) was simulated using a mathematical model LEACHM (Leaching Estimation And Chemistry Model). Nitrogen removal in harvested fruits and storage in the tree accounted the major portion of the applied N. Nitrogen volatilization mainly as ammonia and N leaching below the root zone were the next two major components of the N mass balance. A proper irrigation scheduling based on continuous monitoring of the soil water content in the rooting was used as a part of the NBMP. More than 50% of the total annual leached water below the root zone was predicted to occur in the the rainy season. Since this would contribute to nitrate leaching, it is recomended to avoid N application during the rainy season.

Influence of Crop Management Practices on Nutrient Movement Below the Root Zone in Nebraska Soils

1976 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Muir ◽  
J. S. Boyce ◽  
E. C. Seim ◽  
P. N. Mosher ◽  
E. J. Deibert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Crop Management

Assessment of nitrification and urease inhibitors on nitrate leaching in corn (Zea mays L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy A. Pawlick ◽  
Claudia Wagner-Riddle ◽  
Gary W. Parkin ◽  
Aaron A. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Large Field ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Urease Inhibitors ◽  
Eddy Covariance Method

Agricultural ecosystems are one of the largest global contributors to nitrate (NO3−) contamination of surface- and groundwater through fertilizer application. Improved fertilizer practices are needed to manage crop nutrient supply in corn (Zea mays L.) while minimizing impacts to clean water reserves. The goal of this study was to compare current nitrogen (N) fertilizer practices (urea at planting) with “packages” of improved management practices (a combination of right timing and product) that farmers potentially use. We conducted measurements in a continuous corn system from November 2015 to May 2017 at a large field scale (four 4 ha plots). Nitrate concentration was measured below the root zone and drainage estimated using a soil water budget approach in which evapotranspiration was measured using the eddy covariance method. The objective was to compare NO3−-N leaching from fields receiving urea vs. urea + combination of nitrification and urease inhibitors (NUI) fertilizer applications at planting, urea–ammonium nitrate (UAN) vs. UAN + NUI applied at sidedress, and a combination of these practices: urea + NUI at planting vs. UAN at sidedress. Drainage was only significant in the non-growing season. Neither fertilizer products applied with NUI at planting or sidedress proved to significantly reduce NO3−-N leaching. The combination of delaying fertilization to sidedress and applying UAN significantly reduced the soil water NO3−-N concentration compared with urea + NUI at planting (mean of 5.2 vs. 6.7 mg L−1) but only in 2015–2016. Based on these results, applying UAN at sidedress is recommended, although additional study years are needed to confirm those results.

Water use efficiency and water use of Mediterranean annual pastures in southern Australia

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. Bolger ◽  
N. C. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
High Input ◽  
Deep Drainage ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Use Efficiency

There is a perception in the farming and research communities that annual pastures have low produc- tivity and water use, and contribute disproportionately to problems of rising watertables and dryland salinity. Our aim was to determine potential pasture production in relation to water use and the influence of management factors on this relationship. Experiments were initiated at 4 locations along a gradient of 300–1100 mm annual rainfall across the Western Australian agricultural zone. At each site a high input treatment was compared with a low input control. There was a strong linear relationship between water use and pasture production up to 440 mm of growing- season water use. After 30 mm of water use the potential pasture production was 30 kg/ha.mm. An upper limit to pasture production may be reached at about 12 000 kg/ha in this environment due to rainfall distribution patterns and soil water holding capacity in the root-zone. Although pasture production was increased by as much as 3500 kg/ha, water use was generally similar or only slightly more for high input compared with control plots. The marginally higher water use by the high input pastures resulted in an extra 18 mm of water extracted from the subsoil at one location by the end of the third season. A drier subsoil may provide a buffer for storing excess rainfall and reduce deep drainage. Estimated drainage was small at low rainfall sites so even marginal increases in water use by highly productive annual pastures could play a significant role in reducing water loss to deep drainage and mitigating water-table rise and secondary salinisation in low rainfall regions. Management practices aimed at promoting early growth and adequate leaf area should maximise water use, water use efficiency, and yield. The linear relationship defining potential pasture production provides a useful benchmark to farmers.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Ecosystem Services in Developing Effective and Sustainable Management Practices in Marine Protected Areas. The Case Study of “Isola dell’Asinara”

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddalena Floris ◽  
Vittorio Gazale ◽  
Federica Isola ◽  
Francesca Leccis ◽  
Salvatore Pinna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Coastal Zone Management ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Zone Management

Ecosystem Services (ESs) are assuming a constantly increasing importance in management practices due to their key role in ensuring a sustainable future to fauna and flora on Earth. In addition, ES degradation and quality loss jeopardize current human activities. For this reason, it is essential to develop methodologies and practices able to efficiently assess environmental and socio-economic impacts in terms of ES deterioration, especially within protected areas. Norms and regulations have to be able to identify habitat and species categories to be preserved, and to determine the cost of their destruction and decline, according to a holistic vision, which includes social and economic impacts, besides the environmental ones. The paper illustrates the case study of the “Isola dell’Asinara” Marine Protected Area (MPA) in Sardinia, where an experimental methodology was developed with the aim to draw new regulations that integrate conservation measures of Natura 2000 sites included in its territory, provisions determined by the integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) protocol and the Standardized Actions for Effective Management of MPAs (ISEA) project. Subsequently, in order to assess the status of ESs and impacts on ESs located within the MPA territory, an ecosystem-based approach was implemented and applied to the actions defined for the new regulation proposal. Results show that regulations are in this way valuably enriched by environmental aspects of the MPA that would otherwise be overlooked.

scholarly journals Soil Fertility Management for Better Crop Production

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1349
Author(s):  
John Havlin ◽  
Ron Heiniger
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Fertility Management ◽  
Fertility Management

Increasing crop productivity per unit of land area to meet future food and fiber demand increases both soil nutrient removal and the importance of replenishing soil fertility through efficient nutrient management practices. Significant progress in enhancing nutrient-use efficiency in production agriculture requires improved estimates of plant-available nutrients in the root zone, enhanced crop response to applied nutrients, and reduced offsite nutrient transport. This special issue, Soil Fertility Management for Better Crop Production, presents 15 manuscripts that advance our knowledge of interrelated soil, plant, and management factors important to increasing the nutrient availability and crop recovery of applied nutrients.

Size of subsoil clods affects soil-water availability in sand–clay mixtures

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Betti ◽  
Cameron D. Grant ◽  
Robert S. Murray ◽  
G. Jock Churchman
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Application Rates

Clay delving in strongly texture-contrast soils brings up subsoil clay in clumps ranging from large clods to tiny aggregates depending on the equipment used and the extent of secondary cultivation. Clay delving usually increases crop yields but not universally; this has generated questions about best management practices. It was postulated that the size distribution of the subsoil clumps created by delving might influence soil-water availability (and hence crop yield) because, although the clay increases water retention in the root-zone, it can also cause poor soil aeration, high soil strength and greatly reduced hydraulic conductivity. We prepared laboratory mixtures of sand and clay-rich subsoil in amounts considered practical (10% and 20% by weight) and excessive (40% and 60% by weight) with different subsoil clod sizes (<2, 6, 20 and 45 mm), for which we measured water retention, soil resistance, and saturated hydraulic conductivity. We calculated soil water availability by traditional means (plant-available water, PAW) and by the integral water capacity (IWC). We found that PAW increased with subsoil clay, particularly when smaller aggregates were used (≤6 mm). However, when the potential restrictions on PAW were taken into account, the benefits of adding clay reached a peak at ~40%, beyond which IWC declined towards that of pure subsoil clay. Furthermore, the smaller the aggregates the less effective they were at increasing IWC, particularly in the practical range of application rates (<20% by weight). We conclude that excessive post-delving cultivation may not be warranted and may explain some of the variability found in crop yields after delving.

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