Pattern of seedling emergence and early growth in Avicennia germinans and Rhizophora racemosa along an experimental salinity gradient

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corine Bitossessi Laurenda Sinsin ◽  
Kolawolé Valère Salako ◽  
Adandé Belarmain Fandohan ◽  
Mahoutin Gildas Serge Zanvo ◽  
Konan Edouard Kouassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Avicennia Germinans ◽  
Experimental Salinity

Bigleaf maple seedling establishment and early growth in Douglas-fir forests

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1226-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy S. Fried ◽  
John C. Tappeiner II ◽  
David E. Hibbs
Keyword(s):  
Seed Predation ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Survival Of Seedlings

Survival, age and height distributions, and stocking of bigleaf maple (Acermacrophyllum Pursh) seedlings were studied in 1- to 250-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stands in western Oregon to identify the stages in stand development in which bigleaf maple is most likely to establish successfully from seed. Maple seedling emergence averaged 30–40% where seeds were planted and protected from rodents but was typically <2% for unprotected seeds. Seedling survival after 2 years was highly dependent on canopy density, measured by percent sky. Average 1st-year survival of seedlings originating from planted, protected seeds was highest in clearcuts (1–2 years old, 36% survival, 56% sky) and pole-size stands (41–80 years old, 30% survival, 17% sky) with sparse understories and canopies. It was lowest in young stands with dense canopies (20–40 years old, 4% survival, 8% sky) and old stands (81–250 years old, 14% survival, 13% sky) with dense understories. Naturally regenerated populations of bigleaf maple seedlings, which occurred in aggregations (0.005–0.04 ha in area), were most abundant (up to 10 000/ha) in pole-size Douglas-fir stands. Although seedling size distributions within stands had a strongly inverse J shaped form, size distributions within aggregations appeared more normal (bell-shaped). Seedling age rarely exceeded 15 years. Seedlings grew slowly in the understory, often reaching only 25 cm in height after 8–10 years, and were intensively browsed by deer. Naturally regenerated seedlings were virtually absent from clearcuts, probably because of dense competing vegetation and lack of seed caused by poor dispersal and seed predation. The "window" for the most successful establishment of bigleaf maple seedlings appears to begin after canopy thinning and end before forbs and shrubs invade.

scholarly journals Prediction of Seedling Emergence and Early Growth of Monochoria vaginalis and Scirpus juncoides under Elevated Temperature

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Won Park ◽  
Jin-Won Kim ◽  
Soo-Hyun Lim ◽  
In-Yong Lee ◽  
Do-Soon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Early Growth

Studies in soil fertility with special reference to organic manures. II. Plant growth and nutrition in the field.

1954 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
RF Williams
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Rice Hull ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Rice Hulls

This paper reports a study in crop physiology in which an analysis of plant growth response and nutrient intake under irrigation in the field is used to interpret the effects of rice hulls as an organic manure. An exploratory experiment showed that relatively speaking the main effects of treatment took place quite early in the growth of the crop. For this reason the main experiment was virtually restricted to these early growth stages. The test plant in both experiments was the tomato. It was found that rice hulls can influence the growth of the crop in at least three ways. Seedling emergence may be delayed, early growth may be retarded by temporary shortage of available nitrogen, and growth may be stimulated by increase in available phosphorus. All three effects are modified by the addition of sulphate of ammonia, but in all cases the result is an increase in yield with rice-hull treatment. Mean seedling emergence for the six experimental treatments had a range of 2.8 days, and it is shown that the mean weights of 18-day-old seedlings could have been accounted for by these differences alone. The pattern of response at 18 days remains for at least five weeks and is not without its effect on the final yields. In spite of their low nitrogen content, rice hulls alone had only a transitory adverse effect on the nitrogen status of the soil. It is suggested that this may not have had any direct effect on the rate of dry-matter production, but that there was a temporary deflection of assimilates to favour root growth at the expense of shoot growth. Such an effect would, of course, have an adverse effect on fruit yield. Plant analyses suggest very considerable increases in available soil phosphorus due to rice-hull treatment. Much of this phosphorus appears to have been fixed during the course of the experiment, but Truog values obtained after the experiment indicated that significant effects of treatment were still present. The increases in Available phosphorus were less when sulphate of ammonia was added with the rice hulls.

scholarly journals Seedling emergence and early growth of Chinese fir under different light levels and seed positions: implications for natural regeneration

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1034-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Liu ◽  
Qingqing Liu ◽  
Stefani Daryanto ◽  
Xiangqing Ma ◽  
Si Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Light Requirements ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Chinese fir, Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. (Taxodiaceae), is an evergreen conifer primarily distributed in southern China. This species exhibits very poor natural regeneration, possibly due to low light and a thick litter layer. To improve the understanding of the natural regeneration capacity of Chinese fir, in this study, we conducted a shade house experiment to determine the optimum light requirements and seed positions for seedling emergence and early growth. The experiment involved five light levels (100%, 60%, 40%, 15%, 5% of full sunlight) and four seed positions (1 cm beneath the soil surface without litter, on the soil surface without soil–seed contact, on the soil surface and covered with litter, and 1 cm beneath the soil surface and covered with litter). Seedling emergence was highest at 5%–15% sunlight, whereas seedling height, root length, root mass, stem mass, leaf mass, and total mass were highest at 60% sunlight. For each light level, seed position significantly affected emergence and growth. The above-litter position inhibited seedling emergence and survival, while the below-litter position favored seedling emergence and early growth, particularly under high light levels. Based on these results, to enhance natural regeneration of Chinese fir, we recommend periodical thinning to increase light into the understory after successful seedling emergence. We also recommend sowing seeds deeper into the litter to improve soil contact and moisture conditions.

Effects of burial depth and water depth on seedling emergence and early growth of Scirpus planiculmis Fr. Schmidt

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 30-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Liu ◽  
Ming Jiang ◽  
Shouzheng Tong ◽  
Wenguang Zhang ◽  
Changlin Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Burial Depth

scholarly journals The Impact of Parthenium Weed-Amended Substrates on the Germination and Early Growth of a Range of Pasture and Crop Species

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1708
Author(s):  
Boyang Shi ◽  
Kunjithapatham Dhileepan ◽  
Steve Adkins
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Parthenium Weed ◽  
Test Plants

Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) is an internationally important invasive weed native to the tropical and sub-tropical Americas, and invasive in more than 30 countries. This weed has serious adverse influences on rangeland and agricultural crop production, on human and animal health, and on the biodiversity of natural communities. Parthenium weed leaf litter can reduce seedling emergence and affect the early growth of a wide range of pasture and crop species. Soil collected from a heavily infested parthenium weed area was shown to reduce seedling emergence of a wide range of test plants (lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), maize (Zea mays L.), curly windmill grass (Enteropogon acicularis L.), and liverseed grass (Urochloa panicoides P.Beauv.)) by between 20 to 40%; however, the soil had no effect on the subsequent growth of the surviving test plants. Soil amended with dried parthenium weed leaf litter reduced the emergence of test species by ca. 20 to 40%, but it had no effect on the growth of the surviving test plants. One week after emergence, the growth of all test species was stimulated by 9 to 86% in the leaf litter-amended soil with the increased growth matching the increased amounts leaf litter amended. In parthenium weed-infested landscapes, the substrate (soil) is affected by the plant during the growing season by the release of allelopathic chemicals. However, the plant’s litter can affect the community outside of the growing season, first through a residual allelopathic activity, but also by a fertilizing effect as litter breakdown occurs. This study demonstrates the significant ability of parthenium weed to affect plant communities throughout the year and, when considered over several years, this may lead to the creation of a complete monoculture of the weed.

Influence of Soil Temperature on Seedling Emergence and Early Growth of Peanut Cultivars in Field Conditions

2006 ◽  
Vol 192 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. V. Prasad ◽  
K. J. Boote ◽  
J. M. G. Thomas ◽  
L. H. Allen ◽  
D. W. Gorbet
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Peanut Cultivars

The importance of seed size in early growth of wild and domesticated cowpeas

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Lush ◽  
H. C. Wien
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
General Difference ◽  
Wild Accessions

SummaryDomesticated cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) have larger seeds than their wild relatives. The effects of this increase in seed size on seedling emergence and growth were investigated. In shallow sowings, to 5 cm, seed size had no effect on emergence, but in deeper plantings ahigher proportion of the larger-seeded accessions emerged, and they emerged earlier than smaller-seeded accessions. The size of seedlings just after emergence was inversely related to depth of planting and directly related to seed size. The greater size of the seedlings of larger-seeded accessions was maintained until at least 40 days after sowing, despite the higher relative growth rates of smaller, wild seedlings. When compared at the same size there was no general difference in the growth rate of wild accessions and that of domesticates. During the evolution of domesticated cowpeas, large seeds have probably been advantageous because of their better emergence and establishment under agricultural conditions, and because of the greater size of plants arising from them.

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