Distribution and pest status of the Old World screw‐worm fly, Chrysomya bezziana ( Diptera : Calliphoridae ), in Papua New Guinea and the threat to Australian livestock and wildlife

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 907-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Philip Spradbery ◽  
Don P A Sands ◽  
Robert S Tozer
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Old World ◽  
Pest Status ◽  
Chrysomya Bezziana

Genetic variation in the Old World screw-worm fly, Chrysomya bezziana (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.L. Strong ◽  
R.J. Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Old World ◽  
East Malaysia ◽  
Australia Introduction ◽  
Sterile Insect Release ◽  
Chrysomya Bezziana

AbstractThe Old World screw-worm fly, Chrysomya bezziana Villeneuve, occurs in Africa, the Middle East, Malaysia, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, but it is not found in Australia. Introduction into Australia from any of these source areas would threaten the viability of much of the grazing industry in the northern part of the continent. Proposed control by the sterile insect release method (SIRM) would be compromised by the existence of sibling species within C. bezziana. This study examines the degree of genetic differentiation throughout the extensive range of the fly to assess if the degree of geographic differentiation indicates the existence of sibling species and, allows identification of the source of any introduced flies. Electrophoretic analysis of 23 loci from samples collected in southern Africa, the Middle East, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea revealed 11 polymorphic loci. Overall, populations show remarkably little divergence given the geographic distribution of sample sites. None of the populations sampled were fixed for alternative electromorphs. There is no evidence from this study for the presence of sibling species within C. bezziana.

Cytogenetic variation in natural populations of the Old World screwworm fly Chrysomya bezziana (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Bedo ◽  
J. P. Spradbery ◽  
R. J. Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Old World ◽  
Screwworm Fly ◽  
Chrysomya Bezziana

The existence of sibling species in the Old World screwworm fly Chrysomya bezziana would raise serious problems in eradicating this pest if it entered Australia. Cytogenetic variation in C. bezziana was investigated by analyzing pupal trichogen polytene chromosomes. Natural populations of C. bezziana spanning its range from southern Africa to Papua New Guinea were examined as well as hybrids between a New Guinea laboratory strain and natural populations. No evidence of sibling species was found. All populations exhibited the same basic banding pattern as the standard sequence established from a Papua New Guinea strain. Extensive asynapsis of chromosome homologues was found in some hybrid crosses and was therefore measured in all populations and hybrids to detect systematic variation. Asynapsis levels in most hybrids could not be statistically distinguished from those present in the parent populations except for crosses between populations at the ends of the range. This result does not permit asynapsis levels to be used in establishing the origin of introduced flies by estimating their distance from known populations. One inversion polymorphism and six band polymorphisms spread over three chromosomes were analyzed. Populations in each sampled region had characteristic combinations of band polymorphisms. This may offer a diagnostic method for determining the origin of flies accidentally introduced to Australia.Key words: Chrysomya bezziana, screwworm, polytene chromosomes, asynapsis.

Parasitic zoonoses in Papua New Guinea

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.L. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Zoonotic Parasite ◽  
Parasitic Zoonoses ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites ◽  
Chrysomya Bezziana ◽  
Entamoeba Polecki

AbstractRelatively few species of zoonotic parasites have been recorded in humans in Papua New Guinea. A greater number of potentially zoonotic species, mostly nematodes, occur in animals but are yet to be reported from humans. Protozoa is the best represented group of those infecting man, withGiardia duodenalis,Cryptosporidium parvum,Cyclospora cayetanesis,Toxoplasma gondii,Sarcocystisspp.,Entamoeba polecki,Balantidium coliand, possibly,Blastocystis hominis. The only zoonotic helminths infecting humans include the trematodeParagonimus westermani, the cestodesHymenolepis nana,H. diminutaand the sparganum larva ofSpirometra erinacea, and the nematodesTrichinella papuaeandAngiostrongylus cantonensisand, possibly,Ascaris suum. Other groups represented are Acanthocephala (Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus)), insects (Chrysomya bezziana,Cimexsp.,Ctenocephalidesspp.), and mites (Leptotrombidiumspp. and, possiblySarcoptes scabiei, andDemodexsp.). One leech (Phytobdella lineata) may also be considered as being zoonotic. The paucity of zoonotic parasite species can be attributed to long historical isolation of the island of New Guinea and its people, and the absence until recent times of large placental mammals other than pig and dog. Some zoonotic helminths have entered the country with recent importation of domestic animals, in spite of quarantine regulations, and a few more (two cestodes, one nematode and one tick) are poised to enter from neighbouring countries, given the opportunity. Improvement in water supplies, human hygiene and sanitation would reduce the prevalence of many of these parasites, and thorough cooking of meat would lessen the risk of infection by some others.

Two new Prenolepis species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Indomalaya and Australasia, with a redescription of P. dugasi from Vietnam

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4441 (1) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
JASON L. WILLIAMS ◽  
JOHN S. LAPOLLA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Old World ◽  
Center Of Diversity ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Wallace’S Line ◽  
New Synonymy ◽  
Old World Tropics

Prenolepis is a lineage of formicine ants with its center of diversity in the Old World tropics. Three more Prenolepis species are added to the Indomalayan and Australasian fauna and another is synonymized, bringing the total number of Prenolepis species worldwide to 19. Two new species are described: P. nepalensis from Nepal and P. lakekamu from Papua New Guinea, the latter being the first in the genus east of Wallace’s Line. Additionally, P. dugasi Forel (comb. rev.) from Vietnam is transferred from Nylanderia and redescribed. Based on morphology, each of the three species appears to be most closely-related to other species found predominantly in or nearest to their respective bioregions: P. nepalensis most resembles P. darlena, P. fisheri, and P. fustinoda; P. lakekamu bears strongest resemblance to P. jacobsoni, P. jerdoni, and P. subopaca; and P. dugasi most resembles P. melanogaster. Descriptions, illustrations and images are provided for all three species. One new synonymy is proposed: P. angulinoda Chen & Zhou 2018 = P. fustinoda Williams & LaPolla 2016. An updated key for workers of all extant Prenolepis species is also included. 

A revision of the genus Monacon Waterston (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Perilampinae), parasites of ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Platypodidae)

1980 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Bouc˘ek
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
African Species ◽  
Old World ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
North Borneo

AbstractThe chalcidoid wasps of the genus Monacon develop as parasites of the larvae of ambrosia beetles (mainly Platypodidae) in the tropical forests of the Old World. Their known hosts are reviewed. A key is given to species, which are treated in two groups, according to geographical region: first the Indo-Australian species, then the African ones. The previously known Indo-Australian species come from India and Bangladesh (two), North Borneo (one) and the Philippines (one), and another 14 are here described as new: two from Sri Lanka, two from Burma, two from West Malaysia, one from both West Malaysia and the Philippines, two from the Philippines only, four from Papua New Guinea only and one from both Papua New Guinea and the Philippines. Three African species were previously known from Zaire; one of them has now been found also in Uganda. Three species are described as new: one from Uganda, one from both Uganda and Nigeria and one from Kenya.

Taxonomic Diversity of the Quill Mites of the Family Syringophilidae (Acariformes: Prostigmata) Associated With Old World Parrots (Psittaciformes: Psittaculidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Marciniak–Musial ◽  
Martin Hromada ◽  
Bozena Sikora
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Old World ◽  
Quill Mites ◽  
The Family

Abstract The quill mite fauna of the family Syringophilidae Lavoipierre, 1953 (Acariformes: Prostigmata) associated with parrots (Aves: Psittaciformes) are reviewed. Seven new species are described: Pipicobia cyclopsitta Marciniak-Musial, Hromada & Sikora sp. nov. from the Double-Eyed Fig-Parrot Cyclopsitta diophthalma in Papua New Guinea; P. fuscata Marciniak-Musial, Hromada & Sikora sp. nov. from the Dusky Lory Pseudeos fuscata in Papua New Guinea; P. tahitiana Marciniak-Musial, Hromada & Sikora sp. nov. from the Blue Lorikeet Vini peruviana in Tahiti (French Polynesia); P. malherbi Marciniak-Musial, Hromada & Sikora sp. nov. from the Malherbe’s Parakeet Cyanoramphus malherbi in New Zealand; Lawrencipicobia eclectus Marciniak-Musial, Hromada & Sikora sp. nov. from the Eclectus Parrot Eclectus roratus in Papua New Guinea; Neoaulobia pseudeos Marciniak-Musial, Hromada & Sikora sp. nov. from the Dusky Lory Pseudeos fuscata in Papua New Guinea; and N. Skorackii Marciniak-Musial, Hromada & Sikora sp. nov. from the Eastern Rosella Platycercus eximius in Australia.

A revision of the Varta-Stymphalus generic complex of the leafhopper tribe Scaphytopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Old World

Zootaxa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 713 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. VIRAKTAMATH
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Old World ◽  
Oriental Region ◽  
Afrotropical Region

The genus Varta Distant (type species: Varta rubrofasciata Distant) is often treated as a junior synonym of Stymphalus St l (type species: Platymetopius rubrolineatus St l). Several species from the Oriental region have been misidentified either as S. rubrolineatus (St l) or as S. rubrostriatus (Horv th). All these species are treated here as belonging to the Varta-Stymphalus generic complex and are analyzed. The genus Stymphalus is redefined to include only the type species, S. rubrolineatus (St l), and the genus is restricted to the Afrotropical region. The genus Varta is more widespread and is distributed in the Oriental and Palaearctic regions. The following new taxa are described and their distributions given in parentheses. Shivania gen. nov., S. serrata sp. nov. (type species; Kenya); Varta bifida sp. nov. (Thailand), V. japonica sp. nov. (Japan and S. China), V. longula sp. nov. (Australia and Papua New Guinea), V. sympatrica sp. nov. (S. China), Vartalapa gen. nov., V. curvata sp. nov. (China: Fujian), V. malayana sp. nov. (Malaysia), and V. robusta sp. nov. (type species; Laos and Thailand); Vartatopa gen. nov., Vartatopa bifurcata sp. nov. (type species; Thailand); Xenovarta gen. nov., X. acuta sp. nov. (type species; S. China), X. ankusha sp. nov. (China: Guangdong), X. compressa sp. nov. (Sabah), X. cylindrica sp. nov. (Cambodia and Vietnam), and X. harpago sp. nov. (Sabah and Laos). Stymphalus modesta Linnavuori is transferred to the genus Shivania. Platymetopius rubrovittatus Matsumura and Deltocephalus rubrolineatus Motschulsky are transferred to the genus Varta and the former is considered a valid species. All taxa are described and illustrated. Keys to the included genera and species are also provided.

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