scholarly journals Adolescents’ alcohol use and strength of policy relating to youth access, trading hours and driving under the influence: findings from Australia

Addiction ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 1030-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria White ◽  
Denise Azar ◽  
Agatha Faulkner ◽  
Kerri Coomber ◽  
Sarah Durkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Driving Under The Influence

scholarly journals Cultural Differences in Tweeting about Drinking Across the US

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Giorgi ◽  
David B. Yaden ◽  
Johannes C. Eichstaedt ◽  
Robert D. Ashford ◽  
Anneke E.K. Buffone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Linguistic Markers ◽  
Community Project ◽  
The Us ◽  
Excessive Alcohol

Excessive alcohol use in the US contributes to over 88,000 deaths per year and costs over $250 billion annually. While previous studies have shown that excessive alcohol use can be detected from general patterns of social media engagement, we characterized how drinking-specific language varies across regions and cultures in the US. From a database of 38 billion public tweets, we selected those mentioning “drunk”, found the words and phrases distinctive of drinking posts, and then clustered these into topics and sets of semantically related words. We identified geolocated “drunk” tweets and correlated their language with the prevalence of self-reported excessive alcohol consumption (Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; BRFSS). We then identified linguistic markers associated with excessive drinking in different regions and cultural communities as identified by the American Community Project. “Drunk” tweet frequency (of the 3.3 million geolocated “drunk” tweets) correlated with excessive alcohol consumption at both the county and state levels (r = 0.26 and 0.45, respectively, p < 0.01). Topic analyses revealed that excessive alcohol consumption was most correlated with references to drinking with friends (r = 0.20), family (r = 0.15), and driving under the influence (r = 0.14). Using the American Community Project classification, we found a number of cultural markers of drinking: religious communities had a high frequency of anti-drunk driving tweets, Hispanic centers discussed family members drinking, and college towns discussed sexual behavior. This study shows that Twitter can be used to explore the specific sociocultural contexts in which excessive alcohol use occurs within particular regions and communities. These findings can inform more targeted public health messaging and help to better understand cultural determinants of substance abuse.

Substance Use Disorders in the Elderly

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Burgard ◽  
Robert Kohn
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Driving Under The Influence

Substance use disorders in older adults remains lower than in younger adults; however, the prevalence is rising in the elderly population. In the United States, the lifetime prevalence of an alcohol use disorder among persons age 65 and older is 16.1%. Studies of Veteran’s Administration nursing home residents have found that 29% to 49% of those admitted have a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorder. A sizable proportion of the elderly acknowledge driving under the influence. In 2013, 1.5% of the elderly had used illicit drugs. The number requiring treatment for substance abuse is expected to double by 2020. The populations with the fastest increase in opiate mortality are those age 55 and older, including those 65 and older. This chapter presents the epidemiology of substance use among older adults and discusses issues related to elders’ substance use, including use in nursing homes, impaired driving and arrests, use of non-prescription medications, screening for substance use, and treatment.

scholarly journals Legal, Social, and Occupational Problems in Persons with Alcohol Use Disorder: An Exploratory Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 025371762095646
Author(s):  
Barikar C Malathesh ◽  
Channaveerachari Naveen Kumar ◽  
Arun Kandasamy ◽  
Sydney Moirangthem ◽  
Suresh Bada Math ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Absenteeism ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Tertiary Care Facility

Background: Very few studies have examined the extent and nature of legal, social, and occupational problems among persons who have SUDs. This study was aimed at studying the prevalence and patterns of the aforementioned problems among individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and their relationship with the quantity of alcohol consumed and other variables. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of adult patients with a diagnosis of AUDs admitted to the deaddiction unit of a tertiary care facility in India, using a semistructured questionnaire prepared for this study. Results: The mean age (SD) of the 91 subjects (95.6% males) was 40.3 years (8.5). Majority of them (92.3%) had started alcohol consumption before the age of 25 years. Common problems reported were work absenteeism (83.5%), a major altercation with spouse (69.3%), assaulting someone while intoxicated (53.8%), and driving under the influence of alcohol (59.3%). Significant association was found between being unemployed and having a police complaint lodged against them (chi-square = 5.7, P = 0.01). Quantity of alcohol consumed per day was significantly more among those who had a history of work absenteeism ( Z = 2.27, P = 0.01), major altercation with spouse ( Z = 2.25, P = 0.02) and assaulted someone under intoxication ( Z = 2.33, P = 0.02). Conclusion: The quantity of alcohol consumed is significantly more in those who had several legal, social, and occupational problems when compared to those who did not have, highlighting the need for routine assessment of the aforementioned problems among patients of AUDs. Treatment of AUDs should be multidisciplinary, with targeted interventions tailored to the aforementioned problems. Doing so will go a long way in reducing the harm to patients and the community at large.

scholarly journals Functioning of Alcohol Use Disorder Criteria Among Men and Women with Arrests for Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1985-1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivia V. McCutcheon ◽  
Arpana Agrawal ◽  
Andrew C. Heath ◽  
Howard J. Edenberg ◽  
Victor M. Hesselbrock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Men And Women

Controlled Cannabis Vaporizer Administration: Blood and Plasma Cannabinoids with and without Alcohol

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 850-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L Hartman ◽  
Timothy L Brown ◽  
Gary Milavetz ◽  
Andrew Spurgin ◽  
David A Gorelick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Drugged Driving ◽  
Performance Impairment ◽  
Delivery Route ◽  
Breath Alcohol Concentration

Abstract BACKGROUND Increased medical and legal cannabis intake is accompanied by greater use of cannabis vaporization and more cases of driving under the influence of cannabis. Although simultaneous Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and alcohol use is frequent, potential pharmacokinetic interactions are poorly understood. Here we studied blood and plasma vaporized cannabinoid disposition, with and without simultaneous oral low-dose alcohol. METHODS Thirty-two adult cannabis smokers (≥1 time/3 months, ≤3 days/week) drank placebo or low-dose alcohol (target approximately 0.065% peak breath-alcohol concentration) 10 min before inhaling 500 mg placebo, low-dose (2.9%) THC, or high-dose (6.7%) THC vaporized cannabis (6 within-individual alcohol-cannabis combinations). Blood and plasma were obtained before and up to 8.3 h after ingestion. RESULTS Nineteen participants completed all sessions. Median (range) maximum blood concentrations (Cmax) for low and high THC doses (no alcohol) were 32.7 (11.4–66.2) and 42.2 (15.2–137) μg/L THC, respectively, and 2.8 (0–9.1) and 5.0 (0–14.2) μg/L 11-OH-THC. With alcohol, low and high dose Cmax values were 35.3 (13.0–71.4) and 67.5 (18.1–210) μg/L THC and 3.7 (1.4–6.0) and 6.0 (0–23.3) μg/L 11-OH-THC, significantly higher than without alcohol. With a THC detection cutoff of ≥1 μg/L, ≥16.7% of participants remained positive 8.3 h postdose, whereas ≤21.1% were positive by 2.3 h with a cutoff of ≥5 μg/L. CONCLUSIONS Vaporization is an effective THC delivery route. The significantly higher blood THC and 11-OH-THC Cmax values with alcohol possibly explain increased performance impairment observed from cannabis-alcohol combinations. Chosen driving-related THC cutoffs should be considered carefully to best reflect performance impairment windows. Our results will help facilitate forensic interpretation and inform the debate on drugged driving legislation.

scholarly journals Questionnaire survey of automobile driving among users of a substance misuse service

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 252-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Bradbeer ◽  
Jim Ormsby ◽  
Philip Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Automobile Driving ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Clinical Staff ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Safe Level

Aims and MethodUsers of a substance misuse service were asked to complete a questionnaire, detailing information about driving habits as well as attitudes about substance use and driving.ResultsOf 120 subjects, 94 had ever driven, with only 36 currently driving. Fifty-six subjects had been charged with a driving offence but only 18 stated that they had been involved in an accident while intoxicated. The majority would not use drugs before driving and remain within a safe level of alcohol use. Most subjects stated that they were not informed of current legal issues concerning driving and substance use.Clinical ImplicationsUsers of a substance misuse service were reasonably responsible in their driving habits, however, it is still important for clinical staff working in such services to make their patients aware of the danger of driving under the influence of substances.

Marijuana Legalization and Rates of Crashing Under the Influence of Tetrahydrocannabinol and Alcohol

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482199505
Author(s):  
Michelle Kruse ◽  
Martin Perez ◽  
Melissa Blatt ◽  
Tania Zielonka ◽  
Mathew Dolich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Trauma Centers ◽  
Motor Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Drugs And Alcohol ◽  
Marijuana Legalization ◽  
Time Period

Objective To determine if statewide marijuana laws impact upon the detection of drugs and alcohol in victims of motor vehicle collisions (MVC). Methods A retrospective analysis of data collected at trauma centers in Arizona, California, Ohio, Oregon, New Jersey, and Texas between 2006 and 2018 was performed. The percentage of patients testing positive for marijuana tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was compared to the percentage of patients driving under the influence of alcohol (blood alcohol level >0.08 g/dL) that were involved in an MVC. Results The data were analyzed to evaluate the trends in THC and alcohol use in victims of MVC, related to marijuana legalization. The change in incidence of THC detection (percentage) over the time period where data were available are as follows: Arizona 9.5% (0.4 to 9.9), California 5.4% (20.8 to 26.2), Ohio 5.9% (6.7 to 12.6), Oregon 3% (3.0 to 6.0), New Jersey 2.3% (2.7 to 5.0), and Texas 15.3% (3.0 to 18.3). Alcohol use did not change over time in most states. There did not appear to be a relationship between the legalization of marijuana and the likelihood of finding THC in patients admitted after MVC. In fact, in Texas, where marijuana remains illegal, there was the largest change in detection of THC. Conclusions There was no apparent increase in the incidence of driving under the influence of marijuana after legalization. In addition, the changes in marijuana legislation did not appear to impact alcohol use.

Alcohol Use May Reduce Arthritis Risk, Study Finds

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
MITCHEL L. ZOLER
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use
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