scholarly journals Questionnaire survey of automobile driving among users of a substance misuse service

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 252-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Bradbeer ◽  
Jim Ormsby ◽  
Philip Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Automobile Driving ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Clinical Staff ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Safe Level

Aims and MethodUsers of a substance misuse service were asked to complete a questionnaire, detailing information about driving habits as well as attitudes about substance use and driving.ResultsOf 120 subjects, 94 had ever driven, with only 36 currently driving. Fifty-six subjects had been charged with a driving offence but only 18 stated that they had been involved in an accident while intoxicated. The majority would not use drugs before driving and remain within a safe level of alcohol use. Most subjects stated that they were not informed of current legal issues concerning driving and substance use.Clinical ImplicationsUsers of a substance misuse service were reasonably responsible in their driving habits, however, it is still important for clinical staff working in such services to make their patients aware of the danger of driving under the influence of substances.

scholarly journals Alcohol and other substance use among medical and law students at a UK university: a cross-sectional questionnaire survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (1109) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Bogowicz ◽  
Jennifer Ferguson ◽  
Eilish Gilvarry ◽  
Farhad Kamali ◽  
Eileen Kaner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Law Students ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Students First ◽  
Second Year

Purpose of the studyTo examine the use of alcohol and other substances among medical and law students at a UK university.Study designAnonymous cross-sectional questionnaire survey of first, second and final year medical and law students at a single UK university.Results1242 of 1577 (78.8%) eligible students completed the questionnaire. Over half of first and second year medical students (first year 53.1%, second year 59.7%, final year 35.9%) had an Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score suggestive of an alcohol use disorder (AUDIT≥8), compared with over two-thirds of first and second year law students (first year 67.2%, second year 69.5%, final year 47.3%). Approximately one-quarter of medical students (first year 26.4%, second year 28.4%, final year 23.7%) and over one-third of first and second year law students (first year 39.1%, second year 42.4%, final year 18.9%) reported other substance use within the past year. Over one-third of medical students (first year 34.4%, second year 35.6%, final year 46.3%) and approximately half or more of law students (first year 47.2%, second year 52.7%, final year 59.5%) had a Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale anxiety score suggestive of a possible anxiety disorder.ConclusionsStudy participants had high levels of substance misuse and anxiety. Some students’ fitness to practice may be impaired as a result of their substance misuse or symptoms of psychological distress. Further efforts are needed to reduce substance misuse and to improve the mental well-being of students.

scholarly journals Severe and enduring mental health problems within an established substance misuse treatment partnership

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 216-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Walsh ◽  
Alex Copello
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Effective Service

Aims and methodThe study reports findings of an investigation into the presence of severe and enduring mental health problems within the four statutory and non-statutory teams of an established substance misuse treatment partnership.ResultsOf a total of 772 clients in the four teams surveyed, 69 (8.9%) were identified as having severe and enduring mental health problems and problem substance use in the past 12 months. Alcohol was the most prevalent substance used by this predominantly male group. Different rates were found across the four teams, with higher numbers in the non-statutory teams. The clients displayed significant levels of self-harm and suicide risk and were responsible for 131 acute service contacts over the past 12 months.Clinical implicationsClients with severe and enduring mental health problems engaged with substance misuse services display high levels of complex need. It is important to identify the best and most effective service response to this group.

Substance Use Disorders in the Elderly

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Burgard ◽  
Robert Kohn
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Driving Under The Influence

Substance use disorders in older adults remains lower than in younger adults; however, the prevalence is rising in the elderly population. In the United States, the lifetime prevalence of an alcohol use disorder among persons age 65 and older is 16.1%. Studies of Veteran’s Administration nursing home residents have found that 29% to 49% of those admitted have a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorder. A sizable proportion of the elderly acknowledge driving under the influence. In 2013, 1.5% of the elderly had used illicit drugs. The number requiring treatment for substance abuse is expected to double by 2020. The populations with the fastest increase in opiate mortality are those age 55 and older, including those 65 and older. This chapter presents the epidemiology of substance use among older adults and discusses issues related to elders’ substance use, including use in nursing homes, impaired driving and arrests, use of non-prescription medications, screening for substance use, and treatment.

scholarly journals The Development and Psychometric Testing of a Substance Use Wellness Tool

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Ping Chen ◽  
Heather Stuart ◽  
Terry Krupa ◽  
Keith Dobson ◽  
Sherry Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Psychometric Testing ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
University Undergraduates

This paper describes the development and psychometric testing of the Substance Use Wellness Tool, created to help raise awareness about alcohol and other substance misuse among university undergraduates. The tool is a self- and peer-reflection guide that students can use to monitor and alter their patterns of substance use. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed that the tool was unidimensional and that all 13 assessed domains were important. Cronbach’s alpha indicated the tool was highly reliable. Construct (convergent) validity for alcohol use with the 10-item AUDIT was also good, with strong correlations overall and within subgroups defined by gender, year of study, and university site.

Social ecology of substance use by tertiary students: Preliminary findings

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 13-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridie O'Reilly ◽  
Stuart Carr ◽  
Floyd Bolitho ◽  
Charles Roberts ◽  
Janice Jessen
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Ecology ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Polydrug Use ◽  
The Social ◽  
Predominantly Female

AbstractThis study investigated the social ecology of substance use among 162 tertiary students studying at Northern Territory University in April 2000. The sample was predominantly female (69.6%), Australian born (70%), non-Indigenous (77.2%), not active in the labour market (58.8%) and intending to complete an undergraduate degree (62.7%). Substance use was prevalent, and 77.6% of students were current drinkers, 59.4% currently smoked tobacco and 28.5% used other drugs. Polydrug use was evident, with 24.8% of students using more than one substance on the same occasion in the previous month. Substance use tended to be associated with relaxing, socialising and wanting to feel good. Most students were not concerned about their alcohol use and their perceptions of normal drinking behaviour highlight the challenges in addressing substance misuse patterns in this population.

scholarly journals Minority stress, emotion regulation, and substance misuse in sexual minorities

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew H. Rogers ◽  
Ilana Seager ◽  
Nathaniel Haines ◽  
Hunter Hahn ◽  
Amelia Aldao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Minority Stress ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Problematic Substance Use ◽  
Problematic Substance ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals report higher levels of alcohol and substance misuse than their heterosexual peers, and previous research has linked these increased rates to LGB-specific stressors, termed minority stress. However, not everyone experiencing minority stress reports increased rates of alcohol and substance misuse. Emotion regulation (ER), which plays a critical role in psychopathology generally, is postulated to modulate the link between minority stress and psychopathology. However, it remains largely unknown whether ER plays a role in linking instances of minority stress with substance and alcohol use outcomes. To address the gap, the current study assessed 305 LGB individuals’ instances of minority stress, ER, and substance and alcohol use outcomes. We assessed the role of ER in alcohol and substance misuse among LGB individuals using moderated logistic regression and exploratory machine learning analyses. Moderated binary logistic regressions revealed that emotional non-acceptance moderated the relationship between minority stress and problematic substance use, such that those with poor ER were more likely to have problematic substance use. Additionally, deficits in goal-directed behavior moderated the relationship between minority stress and alcohol and substance use, but those with more deficits in goal-directed behavior had better outcomes. Exploratory machine learning analysis revealed multivariate patterns of additional facets of ER and psychiatric symptoms that are predictive of alcohol and substance use. These results highlight the important explanatory role that ER may have between instances of minority stress and substance and alcohol use in LGB individuals.

scholarly journals Correspondence from substance misuse services – what do general practitioners really want?

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 292-294
Author(s):  
Devatha Radhae Shyam ◽  
Hugh Williams
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioners ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Postal Questionnaire ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Medication Prescribing

Aims and MethodTo improve the quality of correspondence by identifying what general practitioners (GPs) regarded as the important attributes in patient letters from a substance misuse service. A postal questionnaire survey was carried out to determine the views of general practitioners in Brighton and Hove City.ResultsResponses were obtained from 32 out of 45 GP surgeries (71%) and indicated that correspondence should be prompt, concise and regular. An assessment summary, management plan and clear medication prescribing arrangements between primary and secondary services were considered particularly important.Clinical ImplicationsNew quality standards for correspondence to GPs have been implemented by the Brighton Substance Misuse Service. These might be of interest to other such services.

Substance Use and Exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences in Undergraduate and Graduate Nursing Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-363
Author(s):  
Brayden N. Kameg ◽  
Dawn Lindsay ◽  
Heeyoung Lee ◽  
Ann Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Adverse Childhood

BACKGROUND: Substance misuse remains a public health crisis and contributor to morbidity and mortality. The nursing workforce is not immune to the impacts of substance misuse as rates are thought to mirror those of the general population. Additionally, as substance misuse often begins in adolescence or early adulthood, prevalence of misuse among practicing nurses highlights the fact that students are also at risk. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine rates and patterns of substance use and adverse childhood experience (ACE) exposure among nursing students while also examining associations between substance use and ACE exposure. METHOD: This study utilizes a cross-sectional and descriptive design through the provision of email surveys to nursing students. Email surveys consisting of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, the Drug Abuse Screening Tool 10-item survey, the ACE Questionnaire, and a demographic inquiry were distributed via Qualtrics survey software. RESULTS: A total of 662 individuals participated in the survey, the majority of whom self-identified as female, were undergraduate students, and were between 18 and 21 years. Moderate- to high-risk alcohol use was identified in 20% of students, while moderate- to high-risk drug use was identified in 3.6% of students. More than half of students endorsed exposure to at least one ACE. Significant associations were found between the Drug Abuse Screening Tool 10-item survey and the ACE Questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study have significant implications for nursing educators and must inform groundwork for the development of policies and interventions that are evidence based, nonpunitive, and trauma informed.

Polygenic Scores Predict the Development of Alcohol and Nicotine Use Problems from Adolescence through Young Adulthood

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Deak ◽  
D. Angus Clark ◽  
Mengzhen Liu ◽  
C. Emily Durbin ◽  
William G. Iacono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Predictive Utility ◽  
Problematic Use ◽  
Discovery Sample ◽  
Polygenic Scores

Objective: Molecular genetic studies of alcohol and nicotine have identified many genome-wide loci. We examined the predictive utility of drinking and smoking polygenic scores (PGS) for alcohol and nicotine use from late childhood to early adulthood, substance-specific versus broader-liability PGS effects, and if PGS performance varied between consumption versus pathological use. Methods: Latent growth curve models with structured residuals were used to assess the predictive utility of drinks per week and regular smoking PGS for measures of alcohol and nicotine consumption and problematic use from age 14 to 34. PGSs were generated from the largest discovery sample for alcohol and nicotine use to date (i.e., GSCAN), and examined for associations with alcohol and nicotine use in the Minnesota Twin Family Study (N=3225).Results: The drinking PGS was a significant predictor of age 14 problematic alcohol use and increases in problematic use during young adulthood. The smoking PGS was a significant predictor for all nicotine use outcomes. After adjusting for the effects of both PGSs, the smoking PGS demonstrated incremental predictive utility for most alcohol use outcomes and remained a significant predictor of nicotine use trajectories. Conclusions: Higher PGS for drinking and smoking were associated with more problematic levels of substance use longitudinally. The smoking PGS seems to capture both nicotine-specific and non-specific genetic liability for substance use, and may index genetic risk for broader externalizing behavior. Validation of PGS within longitudinal designs may have important clinical implications should future studies support the clinical utility of PGS for substance use disorders.

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