Temporal changes in alcohol‐related mortality and morbidity in Australia

Addiction ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 626-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowan P. Ogeil ◽  
Caroline X. Gao ◽  
Jürgen Rehm ◽  
Gerrit Gmel ◽  
Belinda Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract 3680: Transfusion-Induced Tissue Hypoxia is Ameliorated by S -nitrosohemoglobin Repletion of Stored Red Blood Cells

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana L Diesen ◽  
Jonathan S Stamler
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Tissue Oxygenation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Tissue Hypoxia ◽  
Mouse Blood ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Stored Blood ◽  
Related Mortality

Transfusion of stored red blood cells (RBCs) is associated with a decrease in tissue oxygenation in animal models and with increased mortality and morbidity in patients. Recent studies have demonstrated that stored RBCs are deficient in vasodilatory ability and depleted of S -nitrosohemoglobin (SNO-Hb), and that renitrosylation ex vivo can increase SNO-Hb levels and restore vasoactivity. We have examined in a mouse model the extent to which transfusion impairs tissue oxygenation and whether SNO-Hb repletion can ameliorate that impairment. We report here that transfusion of (mouse) RBCs stored for 1 day or 1 week results in tissue hypoxia that is largely prevented by SNO-Hb repletion prior to transfusion ( 1 day stored blood : % decrease in oxygenation 58+/−10% untreated vs. 92+/−0.7% SNO-Hb repleted, p<0.05, n=3– 6; 1 week stored blood : % decrease in oxygenation 66+/−10% untreated vs. 91+/−2.8% SNO-Hb repleted, p<0.05, n=3– 6). Storage of mouse blood beyond human expiration-equivalents (1 month) resulted in substantial lysis and the death of all mice transfused (native and SNO-Hb repleted blood, n=5). In conclusion, repletion of SNO-Hb ameliorates the decrease in tissue oxygenation that results from transfusion of untreated stored blood. Therefore, SNO-Hb repletion may provide a simple and efficacious method to reduce transfusion-related mortality and morbidity.

scholarly journals Respiratory Disease Related Mortality and Morbidity on an Island of Greece Exposed to Perlite and Bentonite Mining Dust

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 4982-4995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanos Sampatakakis ◽  
Athena Linos ◽  
Eleni Papadimitriou ◽  
Athanasios Petralias ◽  
Archontoula Dalma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
Related Mortality

Clinical guidelines for the management of gastrointestinal fistula – developed by experts of the Polish Surgical Society

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
Jacek Sobocki ◽  
Marek Jackowski ◽  
Adam Dziki ◽  
Wiesław Tarnowski ◽  
Tomasz Banasiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Delphi Method ◽  
Gastrointestinal Surgery ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
Gastrointestinal Fistula ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Related Mortality

Introduction: Gastrointestinal fistula is one of the most difficult problems in gastrointestinal surgery. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality, numerous complications, prolonged hospitalization, and high cost of treatment. </br>Aim: This project aimed to develop recommendations for the treatment of gastrointestinal fistulas, based on evidence-based medicine and best clinical practice to reduce treatment-related mortality and morbidity. </br>Material and methods: The preparation of these recommendations is based on a review of the literature from the PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Library databases from 1.01.2010 to 31.12.2020, with particular emphasis on systematic reviews and clinical recommendations of recognized scientific societies. Recommendations in the form of a directive were formulated and assessed using the Delphi method. </br>Results and conclusions: Nine recommendations were presented along with a discussion and comments of experts. Treatment should be managed by a multidisciplinary team (surgeon, anesthetist, clinical nutritionist/dietician, nurse, pharmacist, endoscopist).

scholarly journals Human Challenge Studies to Accelerate Coronavirus Vaccine Licensure

2020 ◽  
Vol 221 (11) ◽  
pp. 1752-1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nir Eyal ◽  
Marc Lipsitch ◽  
Peter G Smith
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Baseline Risk ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Frequent Monitoring ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract Controlled human challenge trials of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates could accelerate the testing and potential rollout of efficacious vaccines. By replacing conventional phase 3 testing of vaccine candidates, such trials may subtract many months from the licensure process, making efficacious vaccines available more quickly. Obviously, challenging volunteers with this live virus risks inducing severe disease and possibly even death. However, we argue that such studies, by accelerating vaccine evaluation, could reduce the global burden of coronavirus-related mortality and morbidity. Volunteers in such studies could autonomously authorize the risks to themselves, and their net risk could be acceptable if participants comprise healthy young adults, who are at relatively low risk of serious disease following natural infection, if they have a high baseline risk of natural infection, and if during the trial they receive frequent monitoring and, following any infection, the best available care.

scholarly journals Regional and Temporal Changes in HIV-related Mortality in British Columbia, 1987–2006

2010 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane D. Lima ◽  
Katherine J. Lepik ◽  
Wendy Zhang ◽  
Katherine A. Muldoon ◽  
Robert S. Hogg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Related Mortality

Outcome of Fungal Infection in Patients Undergoing Myelosuppressive Chemotherapy in a Tertiary Care Centre During 12 Years (1995-2006).

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 1384-1384
Author(s):  
Marie von Lilienfeld-Toal ◽  
Axel Glasmacher ◽  
Günter Marklein ◽  
Peter Brossart ◽  
Corinna Hahn-Ast
Keyword(s):  
Research Funding ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Aggressive Lymphoma ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Myelosuppressive Chemotherapy ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract Abstract 1384 Poster Board I-406 Invasive fungal infections (IFI) contribute significantly to mortality and morbidity in patients receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy for hematological malignancies. The present study evaluates the incidence of IFI, the overall survival (OS), the infection-related mortality and changes in treatment of IFI in our department from 1995 until 2006. Data of all consecutive chemotherapy courses were retrospectively collected with a standard questionnaire. EORTC/MSG criteria for IFI were applied with a modification: A positive PCR-result for Aspergillus spp. in bronchoalveolar lavage was also defined as probable IFI. In total, 1693 courses of 592 patients were evaluated. Sixty-three percent were given to treat acute myeloid leukemia, the rest for acute lymphoblastic leukemia or aggressive lymphoma. IFI were observed in 139/592 patients (23%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 20-27%), and in 149/1693 (8.8%, 95%CI 8-10%) courses. IFI-related mortality was 57% in 1995-2001 and 29% in 2002-2006, p<0.001. Accordingly, median OS in patients with IFI increased in the later years: 54 days (95%CI 26–82 days) in 1995-2001 versus 229 days (95% CI 35–423 days) in 2002-2006, p=0.001, figure 1. By multivariate analysis, factors predictive for better OS were controlled disease after chemotherapy (hazard ratio (HR) 0.226, p<0.001), possible IFI (in contrast to proven/probable IFI, HR 0.511, p=0.002), age < 60 years (HR 0.611, p=0.015), and use of novel antifungals (HR 0.493, p=0.002). In conclusion, IFI-related mortality decreased and OS in patients with IFI increased significantly in recent years compared to 1995-2001. In our cohort improved OS was associated with controlled underlying disease, certainty of IFI diagnosis (possible), younger age, and the use of novel antifungal agents. Figure 1 p=0.001 Figure 1. p=0.001 Time period ········ 2002-2006 —— 1995-2001 Number at risk 2002-2006 78 28 18 9 6 2 1995-2001 61 8 6 5 5 5 Disclosures: von Lilienfeld-Toal: MSD: Honoraria, Research Funding. Glasmacher: Celgene: Employment, Equity Ownership. Hahn-Ast: MSD: Research Funding.

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