Automatic aspects of response selection remain unchanged during high‐dose alcohol intoxication

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann‐Kathrin Stock ◽  
Wiebke Bensmann ◽  
Nicolas Zink ◽  
Alexander Münchau ◽  
Christian Beste
Keyword(s):  
Response Selection ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
High Dose

scholarly journals Alcohol Hangover Slightly Impairs Response Selection but not Response Inhibition

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antje Opitz ◽  
Jan Hubert ◽  
Christian Beste ◽  
Ann-Kathrin Stock
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Automatic Response ◽  
Alcoholic Drinks ◽  
Alcohol Hangover

Alcohol hangover commonly occurs after an episode of heavy drinking. It has previously been demonstrated that acute high-dose alcohol intoxication reduces cognitive control, while automatic processes remain comparatively unaffected. However, it has remained unclear whether alcohol hangover, as a consequence of binge drinking, modulates the interplay between cognitive control and automaticity in a comparable way. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of alcohol hangover on controlled versus automatic response selection and inhibition. N = 34 healthy young men completed a Simon Nogo task, once sober and once hungover. Hangover symptoms were experimentally induced by a standardized administration of alcoholic drinks (with high congener content) on the night before the hangover appointment. We found no significant hangover effects, which suggests that alcohol hangover did not produce the same functional deficits as an acute high-dose intoxication. Yet still, add-on Bayesian analyses revealed that hangover slightly impaired response selection, but not response inhibition. This pattern of effects cannot be explained with the current knowledge on how ethanol and its metabolite acetaldehyde may modulate response selection and inhibition via the dopaminergic or GABAergic system.

Detrimental effects of a high-dose alcohol intoxication on sequential cognitive flexibility are attenuated by practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Zink ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Witold X. Chmielewski ◽  
Christian Beste ◽  
Ann-Kathrin Stock
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
High Dose

Efficacy of High-dose Steroids for Visual Acuity Improvement in Methanol-induced Toxic Optic Neuropathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Theresia Yinski ◽  
Syntia Nusanti
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Case Series ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Toxic Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Sudden Blindness

Introduction : Methanol-induced toxic optic neuropathy (TON) is defined as a visual impairment due to optic nerve damage by methanol poisoning. Not only is this disease entity underdiagnosed at times, this sudden blindness is also often diagnosed at a stage where recovery of vision is no longer possible. Materials and Methods : A literature search was conducted using PubMed, ClinicalKey, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect by combining the keywords ‘methanol’ or ‘methyl alcohol’, ‘intoxication’ or ‘poisoning’, ‘toxic optic neuropathy’, and ‘visual acuity’ with ‘high-dose steroid’. Results : The total amount of subjects in each article varied from 2 to 37, with mean age distribution of 26.34 to 55 years old, where most patients were male. The follow up duration varied from 1 week to 1 year. Four articles do not mention high-dose steroids treatment as therapy while the other four mention use of 1000 mg of intravenous methylprednisolone per day with divided doses of either 2x500 mg or 4x250 mg. Improvement percentages show 100% improvement in all studies that used high-dose steroids, while in the non-high-dose steroids studies the improvement percentages range from 33.33% to 90%. Summary : High-dose steroids are showing efficacy in improving visual acuity and reducing the inflammation in methanol-induced TON. The period of how fast the therapy takes effect is inconclusive, as the mean follow-up time differs widely per study. However, because most of the reviewed studies here are retrospective case series, a larger, more comprehensive study is required to acknowledge more of the efficacy profile.

How high‐dose alcohol intoxication affects the interplay of automatic and controlled processes

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Witold X. Chmielewski ◽  
Nicolas Zink ◽  
Keluf Ylva Chmielewski ◽  
Christian Beste ◽  
Ann‐Kathrin Stock
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Controlled Processes

High-dose alcohol intoxication differentially modulates cognitive subprocesses involved in response inhibition

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Kathrin Stock ◽  
Tom Schulz ◽  
Martin Lenhardt ◽  
Meinolf Blaszkewicz ◽  
Christian Beste
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
High Dose

scholarly journals Alcohol Intoxication and Perpetrator Identification in Experimental Lineup

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minchekar Vikas S
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
High Dose Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Social Drinkers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mock Crime

The eyewitness is a crucial source of evidence in the criminal judicial system. However, rely on the reminiscence of an eyewitness especially intoxicated eyewitness is not always judicious. It might lead to some serious consequences. Day by day, alcohol-related crimes or the criminal incidences in bars, nightclubs and restaurants are increasing rapidly. Tackling such cases is very complicated to any investigation officers. The people in that incidents are violated due to the alcohol consumption hence, their ability to identify the suspects or recall these phenomena is affected. The studies on the effects of alcohol consumption on motor activities such as driving and surgeries have received much attention. However, the effect of alcohol intoxication on memory has received little attention from the psychology, law, forensic and criminology scholars across the world. In the Indian context, the published articles on this issue are equal to none up to present day. This field experiment investigation aimed at to finding out the effect of alcohol consumption on identification accuracy in lineups. Thirty adult social drinkers, and thirty sober adults were randomly recruited for the study. The sober adults were assigned into “placebo” beverage group while social drinkers were divided into two group e. g. “low dose” of alcohol (0.2 g/kg) and “high dose” of alcohol (0.8 g/kg). The social drinkers were divided in such a way that their level of blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) will become different. After administering the beverages for the placebo group and liquor to the social drinkers for 40 to 50 minutes of the period the five-minute video clip of mock crime is shown to all in a group of four to five members. After the exposure of video clip subjects were given 10 portraits and asked them to recognize whether they are involved in mock crime or not. Moreover, they were also asked to describe the incident. The subjects were given two opportunities to recognize the portraits and to describe the events; the first opportunity is given immediately after the video clip and the second was 24 hours later. The obtained data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Scheffe’sposthoc multiple comparison tests. The results indicated that the “high dose” group is remarkably different from the “placebo” and “low dose” groups. But, the “placebo” and “low dose” groups are equally performed. The subjects in a “high dose” group recognized only 20% faces correctly while the subjects in a “placebo” and “low dose” groups are recognized 90 %. This study implied that the intoxicated witnesses are less accurate to recognize the suspects and also less capable of describing the incidents where crime has taken place. Moreover, this study does not assert that intoxicated eyewitness is generally less trustworthy than their sober counterparts.

High-dose naloxone reversal of acute alcohol intoxication

1985 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 505
Author(s):  
RL Norton ◽  
H Chen ◽  
L Koenig ◽  
JE Buchan ◽  
J Kendall
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Acute Alcohol Intoxication

scholarly journals Alcohol intoxication, but not hangover, differentially impairs learning and automatization of complex motor response sequences

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antje Opitz ◽  
Filippo Ghin ◽  
Jan Hubert ◽  
Joris C. Verster ◽  
Christian Beste ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Motor Response ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Response Sequence ◽  
Acute Intoxication ◽  
Learning Context ◽  
Complex Motor ◽  
Alcohol Hangover

AbstractBehavioral automatization usually makes us more efficient and less error-prone, but may also foster dysfunctional behavior like alcohol abuse. Yet, it has remained unclear whether alcohol itself causes the shift from controlled to habitual behavior commonly observed in alcohol use disorder (AUD). We thus investigated how the acute and post-acute effects of binge drinking affect the automatization of motor response sequences and the execution of automated vs. controlled motor response sequences. N = 70 healthy young men performed a newly developed automatization paradigm once sober and once after binge drinking (half of them intoxicated and half of them hungover). While we found no significant effects of alcohol hangover, acute intoxication (~ 1.2 ‰) had two dissociable effects: Firstly, it impaired the automatization of complex motor response sequence execution. Secondly, it eliminated learning effects in response selection and pre-motor planning processes. The results suggest that alcohol hangover did not affect controlled or automated processes, and disprove the assumption that alcohol intoxication generally spares or facilitates motor response sequence automatization. As these effects could be specific to the investigated explicit learning context, acute intoxication might potentially still improve the execution of pre-existing automatisms and/or the implicit acquisition of motor response sequence automatisms.

Electron Beam Damage of Biomolecules Assessed by Energy Loss Spectroscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
M. Isaacson ◽  
M.L. Collins ◽  
M. Listvan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Atom Migration ◽  
Beam Damage

Over the past five years it has become evident that radiation damage provides the fundamental limit to the study of blomolecular structure by electron microscopy. In some special cases structural determinations at very low doses can be achieved through superposition techniques to study periodic (Unwin & Henderson, 1975) and nonperiodic (Saxton & Frank, 1977) specimens. In addition, protection methods such as glucose embedding (Unwin & Henderson, 1975) and maintenance of specimen hydration at low temperatures (Taylor & Glaeser, 1976) have also shown promise. Despite these successes, the basic nature of radiation damage in the electron microscope is far from clear. In general we cannot predict exactly how different structures will behave during electron Irradiation at high dose rates. Moreover, with the rapid rise of analytical electron microscopy over the last few years, nvicroscopists are becoming concerned with questions of compositional as well as structural integrity. It is important to measure changes in elemental composition arising from atom migration in or loss from the specimen as a result of electron bombardment.

Electron-diffraction studies in synthetic polymer materials

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 362-365
Author(s):  
D.T. Grubb
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Synthetic Polymer ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Crystallographic Structure ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
First Case ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
The Many

Diffraction studies in polymeric and other beam sensitive materials may bring to mind the many experiments where diffracted intensity has been used as a measure of the electron dose required to destroy fine structure in the TEM. But this paper is concerned with a range of cases where the diffraction pattern itself contains the important information.In the first case, electron diffraction from paraffins, degraded polyethylene and polyethylene single crystals, all the samples are highly ordered, and their crystallographic structure is well known. The diffraction patterns fade on irradiation and may also change considerably in a-spacing, increasing the unit cell volume on irradiation. The effect is large and continuous far C94H190 paraffin and for PE, while for shorter chains to C 28H58 the change is less, levelling off at high dose, Fig.l. It is also found that the change in a-spacing increases at higher dose rates and at higher irradiation temperatures.

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