Role of an anti‐aging molecule in a toxic lifestyle: Relevance for alcohol effects on sepsis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane Jeansonne ◽  
Samithamby Jeyaseelan
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Effects

scholarly journals Alcohol Effects on Globus Pallidus Connectivity: Role of Impulsivity and Binge Drinking

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha J. Fede ◽  
Karina P. Abrahao ◽  
Carlos R. Cortes ◽  
Erica N. Grodin ◽  
Melanie L. Schwandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Neuronal Firing ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Alcohol Effects ◽  
Induced Changes

AbstractDespite the harm caused by binge drinking, the neural mechanisms leading to risky and disinhibited intoxication-related behaviors are not well understood. Evidence suggests that the globus pallidus externus (GPe), a substructure within the basal ganglia, participates in inhibitory control processes, as examined in stop-signaling tasks. In fact, studies in rodents have revealed that alcohol can change GPe activity by decreasing neuronal firing rates, suggesting that the GPe may have a central role in explaining impulsive behaviors and failures of inhibition that occur during binge drinking. In this study, twenty-five healthy volunteers underwent intravenous alcohol infusion to achieve a blood alcohol level of 0.08 g/dl, which is equivalent to a binge drinking episode. A resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan was collected prior to the infusion and at binge-level exposure. Functional connectivity analysis was used to investigate the association between alcohol-induced changes in GPe connectivity, drinking behaviors, and impulsivity traits. We found that individuals with greater number of drinks or heavy drinking days in the recent past had greater alcohol-induced deficits in GPe connectivity, particularly to the striatum. Our data also indicated an association between impulsivity and alcohol-induced deficits in GPe – frontal/precentral connectivity. Moreover, alcohol induced changes in GPe-amygdala circuitry suggested greater vulnerabilities to stress-related drinking in some individuals. Taken together, these findings suggest that alcohol may interact with impulsive personality traits and drinking patterns to drive alterations in GPe circuitry associated with behavioral inhibition, possibly indicating a neural mechanism by which binge drinking could lead to impulsive behaviors.

Acute alcohol effects on subtypes of impulsivity and the role of alcohol-outcome expectancies

2013 ◽  
Vol 229 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Jane Caswell ◽  
Michael John Morgan ◽  
Theodora Duka
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Expectancies ◽  
Alcohol Effects ◽  
Alcohol Outcome Expectancies

scholarly journals Alcohol effects on globus pallidus connectivity: Role of impulsivity and binge drinking

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. e0224906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha J. Fede ◽  
Karina P. Abrahao ◽  
Carlos R. Cortes ◽  
Erica N. Grodin ◽  
Melanie L. Schwandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Alcohol Effects

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

The role of affect in feelings of obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Sense Of Obligation

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.

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