scholarly journals Alcohol Effects on Globus Pallidus Connectivity: Role of Impulsivity and Binge Drinking

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha J. Fede ◽  
Karina P. Abrahao ◽  
Carlos R. Cortes ◽  
Erica N. Grodin ◽  
Melanie L. Schwandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Neuronal Firing ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Alcohol Effects ◽  
Induced Changes

AbstractDespite the harm caused by binge drinking, the neural mechanisms leading to risky and disinhibited intoxication-related behaviors are not well understood. Evidence suggests that the globus pallidus externus (GPe), a substructure within the basal ganglia, participates in inhibitory control processes, as examined in stop-signaling tasks. In fact, studies in rodents have revealed that alcohol can change GPe activity by decreasing neuronal firing rates, suggesting that the GPe may have a central role in explaining impulsive behaviors and failures of inhibition that occur during binge drinking. In this study, twenty-five healthy volunteers underwent intravenous alcohol infusion to achieve a blood alcohol level of 0.08 g/dl, which is equivalent to a binge drinking episode. A resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan was collected prior to the infusion and at binge-level exposure. Functional connectivity analysis was used to investigate the association between alcohol-induced changes in GPe connectivity, drinking behaviors, and impulsivity traits. We found that individuals with greater number of drinks or heavy drinking days in the recent past had greater alcohol-induced deficits in GPe connectivity, particularly to the striatum. Our data also indicated an association between impulsivity and alcohol-induced deficits in GPe – frontal/precentral connectivity. Moreover, alcohol induced changes in GPe-amygdala circuitry suggested greater vulnerabilities to stress-related drinking in some individuals. Taken together, these findings suggest that alcohol may interact with impulsive personality traits and drinking patterns to drive alterations in GPe circuitry associated with behavioral inhibition, possibly indicating a neural mechanism by which binge drinking could lead to impulsive behaviors.

scholarly journals Alcohol effects on globus pallidus connectivity: Role of impulsivity and binge drinking

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. e0224906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha J. Fede ◽  
Karina P. Abrahao ◽  
Carlos R. Cortes ◽  
Erica N. Grodin ◽  
Melanie L. Schwandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Alcohol Effects

scholarly journals 3376 Super Bingers: Traits and Patterns Associated with High-Intensity Drinking

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (s1) ◽  
pp. 154-155
Author(s):  
James Keoni Morris ◽  
Julia E. Swan ◽  
Josh L. Gowin ◽  
Melanie L. Schwandt ◽  
Nancy Diazgranados ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Timeline Followback ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: This study attempts to evaluate the drinking patterns and traits of individuals who partake in high intensity drinking, defined as binge drinking at 2 or more times the minimum binge count (4 drinks for females, 5 drinks for males). METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We analyzed data from non-treatment seeking volunteers enrolled in NIAAA screening protocols. The sample included 706 males and 474 females ranging in age from 18 to 91. Subjects were assigned to one of four groups (Non-Binge, Level 1, Level 2, Level 3) based on the highest binge session reported in their Timeline Followback questionnaire. The criteria for each group were different for males and females based on the current NIAAA definitions of binge drinking. The cutoffs for females were 0-3 drinks for Non-Binge, 4-7 drinks for Level 1, 8-11 drinks for Level 2, and 12+ drinks for Level 3. The male drink cutoffs were 0-4, 5-9, 10-14, and 15+ respectively. We looked at various drinking measures (Timeline Followback, Self-Reported Effects of Alcohol (SRE), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)) and trait measures (UPPS-P Impulsivity Scale, Barratt’s Impulsiveness Scale, Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire) to identify mean differences between groups. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: There were significant differences in drinking patterns between the groups for both males and females. Number of drinking days, average drinks per drinking day, and number of heavy drinking days all increased as binge level increased. There were also significant differences between groups in males for trait measures. Level 2 and Level 3 bingers scored significantly higher on impulsivity and aggression than the Level 1 and Non-Binge groups. Ongoing analyses are examining differences among binge groups on other measures including SRE and AUDIT. Future analyses will explore potential mechanisms underlying the relationships between trait measures and binge drinking using structural equation modeling. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: This study found significant differences between high-intensity drinkers, or “super bingers”, and lighter binge and non-binge drinkers. Super bingers showed an overall heavier drinking pattern across measures. The elevated aggression, impulsivity, and overall heavy drinking patterns of super bingers suggest a behavioral profile that makes this group in particular at higher risk for developing alcohol use disorder and related problems. These traits and behaviors may also help identify targets for treatment interventions for alcohol use disorder.

Comparing Drinking Patterns in Finland and Ontario (Canada)

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Cunningham ◽  
Pia Mäkelä
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Population Surveys ◽  
The Past ◽  
Males And Females

A comparison is made of drinking patterns in Finland and Ontario (Canada). Respondents in two existing population surveys, the 1996 Joint Nordic Questionnaire and the 1996 Ontario Drug Monitor, were compared on their frequency of alcohol use in the past year, frequency of heavy drinking (6+ on Nordic survey and 5+ in Ontario), and both frequency and typical quantity of beer, wine and liquor consumption in males and females. It appeared that there are fewer nondrinkers and more weekly drinkers in the Finnish sample than in the Ontario sample. Further, both males and females in Ontario consumed 6+ drinks on one occasion more frequently than their Finnish counterparts. However, examination of the patterns of beer, wine and liquor consumption, particularly the distribution of very heavy drinking days (e.g., 12 or more drinks of liquor on one occasion), indicates that there is some evidence for periodic heavy drinking in Finnish males. Contrary to expectations, Canadian and Finnish drinking patterns appeared fairly similar. However, there was some evidence for a higher prevalence of binge drinking by Finnish men as compared with Canadian men.

The validity of a latent class typology of adolescent drinking patterns

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Percy ◽  
Dorota Iwaniec
Keyword(s):  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
General Mental Health ◽  
Adolescent Drinking ◽  
British Cohort Study ◽  
Data Reduction Method ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

AbstractObjectives: This study examined the validity of a latent class typology of adolescent drinking based on four alcohol dimensions; frequency of drinking, quantity consumed, frequency of binge drinking and the number of alcohol related problems encountered.Method: Data used were from the 1970 British Cohort Study 16-year-old follow-up. Partial or complete responses to the selected alcohol measures were provided by 6,516 cohort members. The data were collected via a series of postal questionnaires.Results: A five class LCA typology was constructed. Around 12% of the sample were classified as ‘hazardous drinkers’ reporting frequent drinking, high levels of alcohol consumed, frequent binge drinking and multiple alcohol related problems. Multinomial logistic regression, with multiple imputation for missing data, was used to assess the covariates of adolescent drinking patterns. Hazardous drinking was associated with being white, being male, having heavy drinking parents (in particular fathers), smoking, illicit drug use, and minor and violent offending behaviour. Non-significant associations were found between drinking patterns and general mental health and attention deficient disorder.Conclusion: The latent class typology exhibited concurrent validity in terms of its ability to distinguish respondents across a number of alcohol and non-alcohol indicators. Notwithstanding a number of limitations, latent class analysis offers an alternative data reduction method for the construction of drinking typologies that addresses known weaknesses inherent in more tradition classification methods.

Digital x-ray mapping of nanometer-size supported bimetallic catalysts

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 530-531
Author(s):  
L. T. Germinario
Keyword(s):  
Background Radiation ◽  
Metal Cluster ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Beam Diameter ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Induced Changes

Understanding the role of metal cluster composition in determining catalytic selectivity and activity is of major interest in heterogeneous catalysis. The electron microscope is well established as a powerful tool for ultrastructural and compositional characterization of support and catalyst. Because the spatial resolution of x-ray microanalysis is defined by the smallest beam diameter into which the required number of electrons can be focused, the dedicated STEM with FEG is the instrument of choice. The main sources of errors in energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDS) are: (1) beam-induced changes in specimen composition, (2) specimen drift, (3) instrumental factors which produce background radiation, and (4) basic statistical limitations which result in the detection of a finite number of x-ray photons. Digital beam techniques have been described for supported single-element metal clusters with spatial resolutions of about 10 nm. However, the detection of spurious characteristic x-rays away from catalyst particles produced images requiring several image processing steps.

Cannabinoid-induced changes in the immune system: The role of microRNAs

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 107832
Author(s):  
Hirva K. Bhatt ◽  
Dana Song ◽  
Gyen Musgrave ◽  
P.S.S. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Induced Changes

scholarly journals Space Radiation-Induced Alterations in the Hippocampal Ubiquitin-Proteome System

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7713
Author(s):  
Alyssa Tidmore ◽  
Sucharita M. Dutta ◽  
Arriyam S. Fesshaye ◽  
William K. Russell ◽  
Vania D. Duncan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Space Radiation ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Proteomic Profiling ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Induced Changes

Exposure of rodents to <20 cGy Space Radiation (SR) impairs performance in several hippocampus-dependent cognitive tasks, including spatial memory. However, there is considerable inter-individual susceptibility to develop SR-induced spatial memory impairment. In this study, a robust label-free mass spectrometry (MS)-based unbiased proteomic profiling approach was used to characterize the composition of the hippocampal proteome in adult male Wistar rats exposed to 15 cGy of 1 GeV/n 48Ti and their sham counterparts. Unique protein signatures were identified in the hippocampal proteome of: (1) sham rats, (2) Ti-exposed rats, (3) Ti-exposed rats that had sham-like spatial memory performance, and (4) Ti-exposed rats that impaired spatial memory performance. Approximately 14% (159) of the proteins detected in hippocampal proteome of sham rats were not detected in the Ti-exposed rats. We explored the possibility that the loss of the Sham-only proteins may arise as a result of SR-induced changes in protein homeostasis. SR-exposure was associated with a switch towards increased pro-ubiquitination proteins from that seen in Sham. These data suggest that the role of the ubiquitin-proteome system as a determinant of SR-induced neurocognitive deficits needs to be more thoroughly investigated.

scholarly journals Association of Alcohol Drinking Patterns with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Korean Adults: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6433
Author(s):  
Seung Won Lee ◽  
Sung-In Jang
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
Alcohol Drinking Patterns ◽  
Drinking Frequency

This study examined the association of alcohol drinking patterns with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in a nationally representative sample of South Korean adults. The cross-sectional study included 12,830 current drinkers (6438 men and 6392 women) who were at least 20 years old. Measures of alcohol drinking patterns included average drinking frequency, usual quantity, and binge drinking frequency over the past year. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for MetS and its components according to alcohol drinking patterns, and also to examine linear trends in these relationships. The prevalence of MetS was 1822 (26.2%) in men and 1313 (17.5%) in women. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, drinking quantity and binge drinking frequency were positively associated with MetS in both sexes. Regarding components of MetS, while the risk of low HDL cholesterol decreased as drinking frequency increased, other MetS components (abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, and impaired fasting glucose) worsened. Our results suggest that separate management of each component of MetS will be required to protect cardio-metabolic health, and a healthy drinking culture that refrains from binge drinking should be established in the context of public health.

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