Age patterns of intra‐pair DNA methylation discordance in twins: Sex difference in epigenomic instability and implication on survival

DNA methylation and demethylation underlie the sex difference in estrogen receptor alpha in the arcuate nucleus

Neuroendocrinology ◽

10.1159/000519671 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Laura R. Cortes ◽

Carla D. Cisternas ◽

Iagn N. K. V. Cabahug ◽

Damian Mason ◽

Emma K. Ramlall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Estrogen Receptor ◽

Sex Difference ◽

Estrogen Receptor Alpha ◽

Arcuate Nucleus ◽

Receptor Alpha

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DNA methylation and demethylation underlie the sex difference in estrogen receptor alpha in the arcuate nucleus

10.1101/2021.03.25.437030 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Laura R. Cortes ◽

Carla D. Cisternas ◽

Iagn N.K.V. Cabahug ◽

Damian Mason ◽

Emma K. Ramlall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Estrogen Receptor ◽

Sex Difference ◽

Dna Methyltransferase ◽

Energy Homeostasis ◽

Arcuate Nucleus ◽

Methylation Status ◽

Ventromedial Hypothalamus ◽

Cell Number ◽

Small Interfering Rnas

AbstractIntroductionNeurons expressing estrogen receptor (ER) α in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus sex-specifically control energy homeostasis and bone density. Females have more of these neurons than do males, but how this sex difference develops is unknown.ObjectiveWe tested the hypothesis that DNA methylation and/or demethylation control the development of a sex difference in ERα in the ARC.MethodsERα immunoreactive neurons were quantified at birth and at weaning in male, female and testosterone-treated female mice that received neonatal, intracerebroventricular injections of vehicle or zebularine, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor. Methylation status of Esr1 was determined in the ARC and ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) using bisulfite conversion of DNA followed by pyrosequencing. Small interfering RNAs against ten-eleven translocases were used to examine effects of demethylation on ERα cell number.ResultsA sex difference in ERα cell number in the ARC, favoring females, developed between birth and weaning and was due to programming effects of testosterone. Zebularine treatment eliminated the sex difference in ERα in the ARC at weaning by decreasing ERα in females to male-like levels. Previously, the same treatment increased ERα in males in the VMH. A promoter region of Esr1 exhibited sex differences in opposite directions in percent of total methylation in the ARC (females > males) and VMH (males > females). Moreover, neonatal inhibition of demethylation increased ERα in the ARC of males.ConclusionDNA methylation and demethylation regulate ERα cell number in the ARC, and methyl marks may paradoxically activate Esr1 in this region.

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Evidence That a Sex Difference in Neonatal DNA Methylation Organizes Two Distinct Phenotypic Characteristics of Neurons in the Murine Forebrain

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/en.2017-00364 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 158 (6) ◽

pp. 1569-1571

Author(s):

Michael J. Baum

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Sex Difference ◽

Phenotypic Characteristics

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DNA methylation in satellite repeats disorders

Essays in Biochemistry ◽

10.1042/ebc20190028 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (6) ◽

pp. 757-771 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Claire Francastel ◽

Frédérique Magdinier

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Human Genome ◽

Repetitive Dna ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Satellite Repeats ◽

Tremendous Progress ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Dna Elements ◽

Near Future

Abstract Despite the tremendous progress made in recent years in assembling the human genome, tandemly repeated DNA elements remain poorly characterized. These sequences account for the vast majority of methylated sites in the human genome and their methylated state is necessary for this repetitive DNA to function properly and to maintain genome integrity. Furthermore, recent advances highlight the emerging role of these sequences in regulating the functions of the human genome and its variability during evolution, among individuals, or in disease susceptibility. In addition, a number of inherited rare diseases are directly linked to the alteration of some of these repetitive DNA sequences, either through changes in the organization or size of the tandem repeat arrays or through mutations in genes encoding chromatin modifiers involved in the epigenetic regulation of these elements. Although largely overlooked so far in the functional annotation of the human genome, satellite elements play key roles in its architectural and topological organization. This includes functions as boundary elements delimitating functional domains or assembly of repressive nuclear compartments, with local or distal impact on gene expression. Thus, the consideration of satellite repeats organization and their associated epigenetic landmarks, including DNA methylation (DNAme), will become unavoidable in the near future to fully decipher human phenotypes and associated diseases.

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The Relationship of Compliance with Coping Strategies and Self-Esteem

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027//1015-5759.19.2.117 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 117-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Gisli H. Gudjonsson ◽

Jon Fridrik Sigurdsson

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Multiple Regression ◽

Sex Difference ◽

Test Scores ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Stressful Situation ◽

Men And Women ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Summary: The Gudjonsson Compliance Scale (GCS), the COPE Scale, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were administered to 212 men and 212 women. Multiple regression of the test scores showed that low self-esteem and denial coping were the best predictors of compliance in both men and women. Significant sex differences emerged on all three scales, with women having lower self-esteem than men, being more compliant, and using different coping strategies when confronted with a stressful situation. The sex difference in compliance was mediated by differences in self-esteem between men and women.

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Sex Differences in Time Production Revisited

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001/a000059 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 35-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Joseph Glicksohn ◽

Yamit Hadad

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Sex Difference ◽

Absolute Error ◽

Internal Clock ◽

Target Duration ◽

Log P ◽

Men And Women ◽

Time Production ◽

T Score

Individual differences in time production should indicate differences in the rate of functioning of an internal clock, assuming the existence of such a clock. And sex differences in time production should reflect a difference in the rate of functioning of that clock between men and women. One way of approaching the data is to compute individual regressions of produced duration (P) on target duration (T), after log transformation, and to derive estimates for the intercept and the slope. One could investigate a sex difference by comparing these estimates for men and women; one could also contrast them by looking at mean log(P). Using such indices, we found a sex difference in time production, female participants having a relatively faster internal clock, making shorter time productions, and having a smaller exponent. The question is whether a sex difference in time production would be found using other methods for analyzing the data: (1) the P/T ratio; (2) an absolute discrepancy (|P-T|) score; and (3) an absolute error (|P-T|/T) score. For the P/T ratio, female participants have a lower mean ratio in comparison to the male participants. In contrast, the |P-T| and |P-T|/T indices seem to be seriously compromised by wide individual differences.

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