A Meta-Analysis of Continuous Measure Sex Difference in Jealousy Studies

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad J. Sagarin ◽  
Amy L. Martin ◽  
Savia A. Coutinho ◽  
John E. Edlund
Keyword(s):  
Sex Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Continuous Measure

scholarly journals The incidence of left-handedness: a meta-analysis [1993]

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Christopher McManus
Keyword(s):  
Sex Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Left Handedness ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Method Of Measurement ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Unpublished Manuscripts

A meta-analysis is reported of 88 studies, examining 100 study populations, in which the handedness of 284665 individuals has been assessed. The overall incidence of left-handedness was 7.78%. The incidence of left-handedness was not related to the method of measurement, or the length or number of response items included in inventories. Study populations with lower response rates and smaller study populations showed some evidence of higher incidences of left-handedness, presumably due to response biasses. There was no evidence that the incidence of left-handedness was related to the year of publication of studies; however the incidence of left-handedness was lower in older subjects and in those from earlier birth cohorts, the two effects not being statistically distinguishable.Information was available from 64 study populations concerning the incidence of left-handedness in males and females; overall 8.52% of males were left-handed compared with 6.69% of females, the male incidence being 27.4% higher than that in females. Although there was some suggestion that the sex difference was greater in larger studies, and in studies whose main purpose was not the study of handedness, these differences were not significant. It is concluded that the size of the sex difference is unrelated to any of the moderator variables we have studied.It was not possible to carry out a meta-analysis of degree of handedness due to wide-spread differences in the method of reporting of degree of handedness.We recommend that future studies of handedness should, as a minimum, use one of three standard methods of assessment, so that comparison of studies is facilitated. Note: This manuscript was originally prepared in 1993 but due to problems at a major journal, described briefly, was never eventually published. It has however been cited on a number of occasions, and has been available at https://www.ucl.ac.uk/medical-education/publications/unpublished-manuscripts/meta-analysis-of-handedness . A major meta-analysis of handedness in 2019 by another author has now been submitted which cites this manuscript, and therefore it needs to be available in a more archivable format.

Abstract P234: Diabetes as Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease in Women Compared with Men

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne A Peters ◽  
Rachel R Huxley ◽  
Mark Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Excess Risk ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction: A previous pooled analysis suggested that women with diabetes are at substantially increased risk of fatal coronary heart disease (CHD) compared with affected men. Additional findings from larger and more contemporary studies have since published on the sex-specific associations between diabetes and incident CHD. We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis so as to provide the most reliable evidence of any sex difference in the effect of diabetes on subsequent risk of CHD. Methods: PubMed MEDLINE was systematically searched for prospective population-based cohort studies published between on January 1, 1966 and February 13, 2013. Eligible studies had to have reported sex-specific estimates of the relative risk (RR) for incident CHD associated with diabetes, and its associated variability. Random effects meta-analyses with inverse variance weighting were used to obtain sex-specific RRs and their ratio (RRR). Results: Data from 64 cohorts including 858,507 individuals and 28,203 incident CHD events were included. The RR for incident CHD associated with diabetes compared with no diabetes was 2.83 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.37, 3.38) in women and 2.11 (95% CI: 1.79, 2.50) in men. The multiple-adjusted RRR for incident CHD was 44% greater in women with diabetes than it was in men with diabetes (95% CI: 27; 63) with no significant heterogeneity between studies (I2=20%). Conclusions: Women with diabetes have more than a 40% greater risk of incident CHD compared with men with diabetes. Sex disparities in pharmacotherapy are unlikely to explain the excess risk in women. Instead, a greater deterioration in cardiovascular risk profile combined with more prolonged exposure to adverse levels of cardiovascular risk factors among pre-diabetic women compared with their male equivalents may be responsible for the excess risk of diabetes-related CHD in women. Future studies are warranted elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the substantial sex-difference in diabetes-related risk of CHD.

Sex Difference in Celiac Disease in Undiagnosed Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1954-1968.e13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire L. Jansson-Knodell ◽  
Isabel A. Hujoel ◽  
Colin P. West ◽  
Veena Taneja ◽  
Larry J. Prokop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Internet- and Mobile-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to Reduce Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5179
Author(s):  
Rebekka Büscher ◽  
Marie Beisemann ◽  
Philipp Doebler ◽  
Lena Steubl ◽  
Matthias Domhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Continuous Measure ◽  
Intervention Level ◽  
Individual Participant

Internet- and mobile-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) might reduce suicidal ideation. However, recent meta-analyses found small effect sizes, and it remains unclear whether specific subgroups of participants experience beneficial or harmful effects. This is the study protocol for an individual participant meta-analysis (IPD-MA) aiming to determine the effectiveness of iCBT on suicidal ideation and identify moderators. We will systematically search CENTRAL, PsycINFO, Embase, and Pubmed for randomized controlled trials examining guided or self-guided iCBT for suicidality. All types of control conditions are eligible. Participants experiencing suicidal ideation will be included irrespective of age, diagnoses, or co-interventions. We will conduct a one-stage IPD-MA with suicidal ideation as the primary outcome, using a continuous measure, reliable improvement and deterioration, and response rate. Moderator analyses will be performed on participant-, study-, and intervention-level. Two independent reviewers will assess risk of bias and the quality of evidence using Cochrane’s Risk of Bias Tool 2 and GRADE. This review was registered with OSF and is currently in progress. The IPD-MA will provide effect estimates while considering covariates and will offer novel insights into differential effects on a participant level. This will help to develop more effective, safe, and tailored digital treatment options for suicidal individuals.

Sex Differences Concerning Prosocial Behavior in Social Dilemmas Are (Partially) Mediated by Risk Preferences But Not Social Preferences

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Angela R. Dorrough ◽  
Andreas Glöckner
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Social Preferences ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Social Dilemmas ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Null Effect ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. Previous results on the prosociality of men and women in social dilemmas are mixed. Studies find more prosocial behavior for men and women; and a meta-analysis ( Balliet et al., 2011 ) reports an overall null effect. Including samples ( N = 1,903) from 10 countries that vary concerning gender inequality (e.g., China, Colombia, Sweden), we investigated sex differences in social dilemmas and drivers of these potential differences. We found that men behaved more prosocially, in that they transferred more of their endowment to their interaction partner. This sex difference was descriptively observed for all countries and was partially mediated by differences in risk but not social preferences. Gender inequality did not predict the difference in magnitude of sex differences between countries.

scholarly journals The Sex Difference and Potential Influence Factors In 96,237 Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingwei Ma ◽  
Huan Lu ◽  
Meng Wu ◽  
Liru Xue ◽  
QingQing Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Difference ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Relevant Factors

Abstract Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This disease was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan and has since spread globally, resulting in the ongoing 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic. Numerous studies of the clinical characteristics of patients with SARS-CoV-2 have been reported, yet yielded varying results given the sex difference of prevalence, severity and fatality rate. We conducted a review and meta-analysis of the sex differences of COVID-19, aiming to reveal the epidemiological characteristics and potential influencing factors of COVID-19 and provide reference for the prevention and treatment of patients.Results: By screening 1436 studies, 156 studies including 96237 COVID-19 patients from multiple countries were included. We found out that females account for 0.47 [95% CI (0.45-0.48)] of the diagnosed COVID-19 cases, while males for 0.53 of the cases [95% CI (0.52-0.55)]. Females admitted into intensive care unit (ICU) or with severe/critical illness were also analyzed, and the ratio was 0.14 [95% CI (0.11-0.17)] among all the severely/critically ill patients, which was almost twice lower than the ratio of males (0.24 [95% CI (0.19-0.29)]). The fatality rate of female patients was 0.10 [95%CI (0.05-0.17)], which was much lower than that of males (0.18[95%CI (0.11-0.29)]).Conclusions: There exists a significantly different clinical outcome between male and female COVID-19 patients. Females are less severely affected, which might be associated with the sex-based difference in immune response, female hormones and behaviors. However, more specific studies are needed to identify more relevant factors.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Genetic and Environmental Influences on Adolescent Depressive Symptoms: A Meta-Analytic Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Chen ◽  
Jing Yu
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Adolescent Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Self Reports

Although sex difference in the mean level of depressive symptoms has been well established, the sex difference in genetic and environmental influences on adolescent depressive symptoms is unclear. The current study conducted a meta-analysis of twin studies on sex differences in self- and parent-reported adolescent depressive symptoms. For self-reports, genetic factors influenced adolescent depressive symptoms equally for boys and girls, accounting for 46% of variation, but shared environmental factors had stronger impacts on adolescent girls’ versus boys’ depressive symptoms (13% versus 1% of the variance). For parent-reports, genetic, shared, and nonshared environmental factors influenced adolescent depressive symptoms equally, with separate estimates of 34%, 35%, and 31%. The implications of sex difference in genetic and environmental etiologies of depressive symptoms are discussed.

scholarly journals Sex Difference and Rupture Rate of Intracranial Aneurysms: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis

Stroke ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte C.M. Zuurbier ◽  
Rob Molenberg ◽  
Liselore A. Mensing ◽  
Marieke J.H. Wermer ◽  
Seppo Juvela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Individual Patient Data ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Patient Data ◽  
Aneurysmal Rupture ◽  
Rupture Rate ◽  
Related Risk

Background and Purpose: In previous studies, women had a higher risk of rupture of intracranial aneurysms than men, but female sex was not an independent risk factor. This may be explained by a higher prevalence of patient- or aneurysm-related risk factors for rupture in women than in men or by insufficient power of previous studies. We assessed sex differences in rupture rate taking into account other patient- and aneurysm-related risk factors for aneurysmal rupture. Methods: We searched Embase and Pubmed for articles published until December 1, 2020. Cohorts with available individual patient data were included in our meta-analysis. We compared rupture rates of women versus men using a Cox proportional hazard regression model adjusted for the PHASES score (Population, Hypertension, Age, Size of Aneurysm, Earlier Subarachnoid Hemorrhage From Another Aneurysm, Site of Aneurysm), smoking, and a positive family history of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Results: We pooled individual patient data from 9 cohorts totaling 9940 patients (6555 women, 66%) with 12 193 unruptured intracranial aneurysms, and 24 357 person-years follow-up. Rupture occurred in 163 women (rupture rate 1.04%/person-years [95% CI, 0.89–1.21]) and 63 men (rupture rate 0.74%/person-years [95% CI, 0.58–0.94]). Women were older (61.9 versus 59.5 years), were less often smokers (20% versus 44%), more often had internal carotid artery aneurysms (24% versus 17%), and larger sized aneurysms (≥7 mm, 24% versus 23%) than men. The unadjusted women-to-men hazard ratio was 1.43 (95% CI, 1.07–1.93) and the adjusted women/men ratio was 1.39 (95% CI, 1.02–1.90). Conclusions: Women have a higher risk of aneurysmal rupture than men and this sex difference is not explained by differences in patient- and aneurysm-related risk factors for aneurysmal rupture. Future studies should focus on the factors explaining the higher risk of aneurysmal rupture in women.

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