scholarly journals Does carnitine supplementation truly increase whole‐body fat oxidation in older male adults during moderate‐intensity exercise?

Aging Cell ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dumitru Constantin‐Teodosiu
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Carnitine Supplementation ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise

scholarly journals Increasing skeletal muscle carnitine content in older individuals increases whole‐body fat oxidation during moderate‐intensity exercise

Aging Cell ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Chee ◽  
Chris E. Shannon ◽  
Aisling Burns ◽  
Anna L. Selby ◽  
Daniel Wilkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise

A reduced lactate mass explains much of the glycogen sparing associated with training

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 362-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Crowley ◽  
W. T. Willis ◽  
K. S. Matt ◽  
C. M. Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Training ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Pentobarbital Sodium ◽  
Long Evans ◽  
Glycogen Sparing

Endurance training is associated with glycogen (Gly) sparing, generally attributed to less carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation. However, untrained individuals commit a greater fraction of CHO to lactate (La), accounting for a portion of the Gly "spared." We examined the effects of training (running 1 h/day at 30 m/min up an 8 degrees grade) on whole body CHO distribution and oxidation. Female Long Evans rats (n = 27) were assigned to control (Untr) and trained (Tr) groups. Two days before the experiment, animals were chronically catheterized. On the day of the experiment, animals ran for 20 min at a speed of 28 m/min and were killed with an overdose of pentobarbital sodium injection while running. Whole carcasses were then promptly freeze-clamped with a liquid N2-cooled press. Whole body carcass powder was assayed for La, Gly, and glucose. Resting whole body values were not different between groups (La = 0.78 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.83 +/- 0.07, Gly = 4.46 +/- 0.62 vs. 3.77 +/- 0.35, glucose = 0.19 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.23 +/- 0.09 mmol/body for Tr and Untr rats, respectively). However, postexercise La was higher in Untr vs. Tr group (2.01 +/- 0.28 vs. 1.13 +/- 0.09 mmol/body), and Gly was lower in the Untr vs. Tr rats (1.58 +/- 0.25 vs. 3.42 +/- 0.43 mmol/body). Similarly, Untr animals displayed higher epinephrine levels than Tr at the end of the exercise bout (4.9 +/- 1.0 vs. 1.7 +/- 0.4 ng/ml). Differences between groups in La and glucose masses (postexercise minus rest data) accounted for 60% of the Gly differences. Gly spared from oxidation and replaced by increased fat oxidation only accounted for 40% of the differences in Gly levels between Tr and Untr animals. We conclude that untrained mammals commit a significant portion of their CHO pool to La, which accounts for almost one-half of the apparent Gly spared during moderate-intensity exercise in the trained state.

scholarly journals Moderate intensity exercise training combined with inulin-propionate ester supplementation increases whole body resting fat oxidation in overweight women

Metabolism ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 154043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Malkova ◽  
Thelma Polyviou ◽  
Eleni Rizou ◽  
Konstantinos Gerasimidis ◽  
Edward S. Chambers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Overweight Women

Determinants of maximal whole-body fat oxidation in elite cross-country skiers: Role of skeletal muscle mitochondria

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 2494-2504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sune Dandanell ◽  
Anne-Kristine Meinild-Lundby ◽  
Andreas B. Andersen ◽  
Paul F. Lang ◽  
Laura Oberholzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Muscle Mitochondria ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria ◽  
Cross Country

scholarly journals Consumption of a High-Protein Meal Replacement Leads to Higher Fat Oxidation, Suppression of Hunger, and Improved Metabolic Profile After an Exercise Session

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Camila L. P. Oliveira ◽  
Normand G. Boulé ◽  
Aloys Berg ◽  
Arya M. Sharma ◽  
Sarah A. Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Meal Replacement ◽  
Protein Meal ◽  
High Protein Meal ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to compare the impact of a high-protein meal replacement (HP-MR) versus a control (CON) breakfast on exercise metabolism. In this acute, randomized controlled, cross-over study, participants were allocated into two isocaloric arms: (a) HP-MR: 30% carbohydrate, 43% protein, and 27% fat; (b) CON: 55% carbohydrate, 15% protein, and 30% fat. Following breakfast, participants performed a moderate-intensity aerobic exercise while inside a whole-body calorimetry unit. Energy expenditure, macronutrient oxidation, appetite sensations, and metabolic blood markers were assessed. Forty-three healthy, normal-weight adults (24 males) participated. Compared to the CON breakfast, the HP-MR produced higher fat oxidation (1.07 ± 0.33 g/session; p = 0.003) and lower carbohydrate oxidation (−2.32 ± 0.98 g/session; p = 0.023) and respiratory exchange ratio (−0.01 ± 0.00; p = 0.003) during exercise. After exercise, increases in hunger were lower during the HP-MR condition. Changes in blood markers from the fasting state to post-exercise during the HP-MR condition were greater for insulin, peptide tyrosine-tyrosine, and glucagon-like peptide 1, and lower for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and glycerol. Our primary findings were that an HP-MR produced higher fat oxidation during the exercise session, suppression of hunger, and improved metabolic profile after it.

Reduced plasma FFA availability increases net triacylglycerol degradation, but not GPAT or HSL activity, in human skeletal muscle

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (1) ◽  
pp. E120-E127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Watt ◽  
Anna G. Holmes ◽  
Gregory R. Steinberg ◽  
Jose L. Mesa ◽  
Bruce E. Kemp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Hormone Sensitive Lipase ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Plasma Ffa

Intramuscular triacylglycerols (IMTG) are proposed to be an important metabolic substrate for contracting muscle, although this remains controversial. To test the hypothesis that reduced plasma free fatty acid (FFA) availability would increase IMTG degradation during exercise, seven active men cycled for 180 min at 60% peak pulmonary O2 uptake either without (CON) or with (NA) prior ingestion of nicotinic acid to suppress adipose tissue lipolysis. Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue biopsy samples were obtained before and at 90 and 180 min of exercise. NA ingestion decreased ( P < 0.05) plasma FFA at rest and completely suppressed the exercise-induced increase in plasma FFA (180 min: CON, 1.42 ± 0.07; NA, 0.10 ± 0.01 mM). The decreased plasma FFA during NA was associated with decreased ( P < 0.05) adipose tissue hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) activity (CON: 13.9 ± 2.5, NA: 9.1 ± 3.0 nmol·min−1·mg protein−1). NA ingestion resulted in decreased whole body fat oxidation and increased carbohydrate oxidation. Despite the decreased whole body fat oxidation, net IMTG degradation was greater in NA compared with CON (net change: CON, 2.3 ± 0.8; NA, 6.3 ± 1.2 mmol/kg dry mass). The increased IMTG degradation did not appear to be due to reduced fatty acid esterification, because glycerol 3-phosphate activity was not different between trials and was unaffected by exercise (rest: 0.21 ± 0.07; 180 min: 0.17 ± 0.04 nmol·min−1·mg protein−1). HSL activity was not increased from resting rates during exercise in either trial despite elevated plasma epinephrine, decreased plasma insulin, and increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)α1 activity was not affected by exercise or NA, whereas AMPKα2 activity was increased ( P < 0.05) from rest during exercise in NA and was greater ( P < 0.05) than in CON at 180 min. These data suggest that plasma FFA availability is an important mediator of net IMTG degradation, and in the absence of plasma FFA, IMTG degradation cannot maintain total fat oxidation. These changes in IMTG degradation appear to disassociate, however, from the activity of the key enzymes responsible for synthesis and degradation of this substrate.

Substrate metabolism when subjects are fed carbohydrate during exercise

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (5) ◽  
pp. E828-E835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Horowitz ◽  
Ricardo Mora-Rodriguez ◽  
Lauri O. Byerley ◽  
Edward F. Coyle
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Low Intensity Exercise

This study determined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion during exercise on the lipolytic rate, glucose disappearance from plasma (Rd Glc), and fat oxidation. Six moderately trained men cycled for 2 h on four separate occasions. During two trials, they were fed a high-glycemic carbohydrate meal during exercise at 30 min (0.8 g/kg), 60 min (0.4 g/kg), and 90 min (0.4 g/kg); once during low-intensity exercise [25% peak oxygen consumption (V˙o 2 peak)] and once during moderate-intensity exercise (68%V˙o 2 peak). During two additional trials, the subjects remained fasted (12–14 h) throughout exercise at each intensity. After 55 min of low-intensity exercise in fed subjects, hyperglycemia (30% increase) and a threefold elevation in plasma insulin concentration ( P < 0.05) were associated with a 22% suppression of lipolysis compared with when subjects were fasted (5.2 ± 0.5 vs. 6.7 ± 1.2 μmol ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1, P < 0.05), but fat oxidation was not different from fasted levels at this time. Fat oxidation when subjects were fed carbohydrate was not reduced below fasting levels until 80–90 min of exercise, and lipolysis was in excess of fat oxidation at this time. The reduction in fat oxidation corresponded in time with the increase in Rd Glc. During moderate-intensity exercise, the very small elevation in plasma insulin concentration (∼3 μU/ml; P < 0.05) during the second hour of exercise when subjects were fed vs. when they were fasted slightly attenuated lipolysis ( P < 0.05) but did not increase Rd Glc or suppress fat oxidation. These findings indicate that despite a suppression of lipolysis after carbohydrate ingestion during exercise, the lipolytic rate remained in excess and thus did not limit fat oxidation. Under these conditions, a reduction in fat oxidation was associated in time with an increase in glucose uptake.

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