Colloid osmotic pressure and extravasation of plasma proteins following infusion of Ringer's acetate and hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1303-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Zdolsek ◽  
C. Bergek ◽  
T. L. Lindahl ◽  
R. G. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Starch ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure

Comparison of three plasma expanders used as priming fluids in cardiopulmonary bypass patients

Perfusion ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izaak Tigchelaar ◽  
Rolf CG Gallandat Huet ◽  
Piet W Boonstra ◽  
Willem van Oeveren
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Starch ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Human Albumin ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Postoperative Phase ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Plasma Substitute

Ten per cent low molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch is a plasma substitute only recently used as priming solution in an extracorporeal circuit, in contrast to human albumin and gelatin. To evaluate the effect of priming solutions on haemodynamics and colloid osmotic pressure, we studied 36 patients elected for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). They were randomly assigned to 2.5% hydroxyethyl starch, 3% gelatin or 4% human albumin priming solution. Total blood loss (perioperative + intensive care unit period) was higher in the gelatin group than in the albumin and hydroxyethyl starch groups. During CPB, the colloid osmotic pressure was best preserved in the gelatin group, although no excessively low colloid osmotic pressures were measured in the other two groups. Due to the extended half-life and the additional postoperative colloid administration, the hydroxyethyl starch group had a higher colloid osmotic pressure in the postoperative phase. We conclude that, next to human albumin, 2.5% hydroxyethyl starch is a safe CPB priming solution additive and is effective as plasma substitute. Its somewhat longer half-life requires adaptation of the routine protocol for transfusion of colloids and blood products.

Microvascular exchange and interstitial volume regulation in the rat: model validation

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (2) ◽  
pp. H384-H399 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Bert ◽  
B. D. Bowen ◽  
R. K. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Transport Parameters ◽  
Interstitial Fluid Volume ◽  
Protein Tracers ◽  
Fitting Procedures

A dynamic mathematical model is formulated and used to describe the distribution and transport of fluid and plasma proteins between the circulation, interstitial space of skin and muscle, and the lymphatics in the rat. Two descriptions of transcapillary exchange are investigated: a homoporous "Starling model" and a heteroporous "plasma leak model." Parameters used in the two hypothetical transport mechanisms are determined based on statistical fitting procedures between simulation predictions and selected experimental data. These data consist of interstitial fluid volume and colloid osmotic pressure measurements as a function of venous pressure for muscle and interstitial colloid osmotic pressure vs. venous pressure for skin. The values determined for the transport parameters compare well with data in the literature. The fully determined model is used to simulate steady-state conditions of hypoproteinemia, overhydration, and dehydration, as well as the dynamic response to changes in venous pressure and intravascularly administered protein tracers. Comparisons between the simulation predictions and experimental data for these various perturbations are made. The plasma leak model appears to provide a better description of microvascular exchange.

Functional characteristics of the renal interstitium

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (2) ◽  
pp. F105-F111 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wolgast ◽  
M. Larson ◽  
K. Nygren
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Protein Transport ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Capillary Membrane ◽  
Tubular Transport ◽  
Physical Forces ◽  
Capillary Fluid

The renal interstitial space analyzed as "inulin space" comprises about 13% in the rat. The Starling forces of this compartment are governed by the balance between tubular and capillary fluid transport and also by the leakage of plasma proteins from the blood side. Protein transport will occur in a large-pore system in the peritubular capillary membrane. During control antidiuresis, the interstitial hydrostatic pressure is 2-4 mmHg. The colloid osmotic pressure shows a larger variability but is generally about 5 mmHg. During conditions of depressed capillary reabsorption but unchanged tubular reabsorption, as in saline expansion, the interstitial hydrostatic pressure rises 3-4 times, whereas the colloid osmotic pressure will show a steep fall resulting from the increased fluid entry and unchanged protein transport. The interstitial volume increases only slightly, since it is compressed by the expanding tubules. The influence of interstitial physical forces on tubular transport remains unclear, mainly due to the inaccessibility of the lateral interspaces to direct measurement of relevant parameters.

Effects of plasma- and cell-free perfusates on filtration coefficient of perfused canine lungs

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1521-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Rippe ◽  
M. I. Townsley ◽  
A. E. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Filtration Coefficient ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
The Difference

The filtration coefficient (Kf,c) of the microvessels in isolated dog lungs were studied for whole and diluted blood, whole and diluted plasma, Tyrode's solution, and Tyrode's plus dextran (4%, 63,000 mol wt) perfusates. When whole blood and plasma were diluted, Kf,c increased abruptly at a plasma protein concentration between 4 and 5 g/l, an effect which was not dependent on the erythrocyte mass. Both Tyrode's and Tyrode's plus dextran produced increases in Kf,c (60 and 30%, respectively). The difference in Kf,c measured between these latter perfusates was completely abolished when Kf,c were corrected for viscosity differences. Thus the pulmonary microvasculature responds similarly to the systemic circulation in that complete removal of plasma proteins from the perfusate increases Kf,c by 50%. This effect is independent of erythrocyte mass or colloid osmotic pressure of the perfusate, since perfusion with dextran solutions alone also increased Kf,c.

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