scholarly journals Larval UV exposure impairs adult immune function through a trade‐off with larval investment in cuticular melanin

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1292-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Debecker ◽  
Ruben Sommaruga ◽  
Tim Maes ◽  
Robby Stoks
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Uv Exposure ◽  
Trade Off

UV radiation influences covering behaviour in the urchin Lytechinus variegatus

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 1257-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Sigg ◽  
Karena M. Lloyd-Knight ◽  
Jean Geary Boal
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Uv Exposure ◽  
Lytechinus Variegatus ◽  
Energetic Costs ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Familiar Objects

Many species of sea urchins cover their bodies with a variety of materials. One hypothesis for this behaviour is that the urchins are reducing their exposure to UV radiation. The effect of UV radiation on the covering behaviour of twelve sea urchins, Lytechinus variegatus, was recorded and the shells used as covering materials were quantified. During UV exposure, urchins used significantly greater numbers, areas and masses of shells than did urchins during non-UV exposure. Results suggest that not only were L. variegatus covering in response to UV exposure, but they were also making distinct choices regarding preferred covering items. Unlike in previous studies, the urchins did not simply choose familiar objects or even the lightest objects; rather, when exposed to UV radiation they selected intermediate-sized objects, perhaps demonstrating a trade-off between the energetic costs of carrying objects and the physiological costs of exposure to UV radiation. While there appear to be many reasons for why urchins cover, these results indicate that urchin covering is non-random and has important functional significance.

Thermal Sensitivity of Immune Function: Evidence against a Generalist-Specialist Trade-Off among Endothermic and Ectothermic Vertebrates

2013 ◽  
Vol 181 (6) ◽  
pp. 761-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Butler ◽  
Zachary R. Stahlschmidt ◽  
Daniel R. Ardia ◽  
Scott Davies ◽  
Jon Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Trade Off

scholarly journals Carotenoid-Based Plumage Colors and Immune Function: Is There a Trade-off for Rare Carotenoids?

2007 ◽  
Vol 169 (1) ◽  
pp. S137
Author(s):  
Fitze ◽  
Tschirren ◽  
Gasparini ◽  
Richner
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Trade Off

scholarly journals A trade-off between embryonic development rate and immune function of avian offspring is revealed by considering embryonic temperature

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Martin ◽  
Elena Arriero ◽  
Ania Majewska
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Embryonic Temperature ◽  
Extrinsic Effects ◽  
Physiological Systems

Long embryonic periods are assumed to reflect slower intrinsic development that are thought to trade off to allow enhanced physiological systems, such as immune function. Yet, the relatively rare studies of this trade-off in avian offspring have not found the expected trade-off. Theory and tests have not taken into account the strong extrinsic effects of temperature on embryonic periods of birds. Here, we show that length of the embryonic period did not explain variation in two measures of immune function when temperature was ignored, based on studies of 34 Passerine species in tropical Venezuela (23 species) and north temperate Arizona (11 species). Variation in immune function was explained when embryonic periods were corrected for average embryonic temperature, in order to better estimate intrinsic rates of development. Immune function of offspring trades off with intrinsic rates of embryonic development once the extrinsic effects of embryonic temperatures are taken into account.

scholarly journals Mating enhances immune function of Drosophila melanogaster populations against bacterial pathogens

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Bansal ◽  
Biswajit Shit ◽  
Aparajita ◽  
Tejashwini Hegde ◽  
Rochishnu Dutta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Relative Cost ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Darwinian Fitness

AbstractImmunity and reproduction are two important processes that affect fitness of an organisms. Sexual activity has been previously shown to determine the degree to which a population is able to survive various infections. While many studies have demonstrated a trade-off between immune function and reproduction, many studies have found synergistic relation between the two fitness determinants. Besides it is generally hypothesised that sexes may differ in immunity due to relative cost they incur during reproduction with males losing in immunity to rather increase their reproductive success. In this study, we test the effect of immune function on the survival of mated and virgin replicates of a large outbred baseline D. melanogaster population that was infected with four different bacterial infections. We find enhanced survival in mated flies than virgin flies in response to all four bacterial infections across all replicates. While investigating sexual dimorphism in immune function, we find no difference in sexes in their ability to survive the imposed bacterial infections. Synergistic interaction between reproduction and immunity may exist if it improves Darwinian fitness of either sexes of a population under selection, and are not necessarily limited by each other due to trade-off over finite resources.

scholarly journals Immune activation suppresses plasma testosterone level: a meta-analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelle J Boonekamp ◽  
Albert H.F Ros ◽  
Simon Verhulst
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mechanistic Explanation ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Sexual Signals ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Handicap Hypothesis

Females often select mates on the basis of sexual signals, which can be reliable indicators of male quality when the costliness of these signals prevents cheating. The immunocompetence handicap hypothesis (ICHH) provides a mechanistic explanation of these costs, by proposing a trade-off between immune function and sexual displays. This trade-off arises because testosterone enhances sexual signals, but suppresses immune function. Many studies have investigated the ICHH by administrating testosterone, and a recent meta-analysis found little evidence that testosterone suppressed immune function. However, another component of the ICHH, which has received less empirical interest, suggests that there may also be an interaction in the other direction, with immune activation suppressing testosterone levels. We present a meta-analysis to test for this effect. Overall, there was a strong suppressive effect of experimental immune activation on testosterone levels ( r =−0.52), regardless of whether live pathogens or non-pathogenic antigens were used to challenge the immune system. The latter is important because it shows that immune activation per se suppresses testosterone levels. Thus, a trade-off between immunocompetence and sexual displays may primarily be generated by the effect of immune activation on testosterone, rather than the opposite effect that has received most attention.

scholarly journals Variation in the oxidative burst in response to wounding and bacterial infection among native and invading genotypes of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M. Kaczowka ◽  
Patricia Lu-Irving ◽  
David A. Baltrus ◽  
Katrina M. Dlugosch
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Oxidative Burst ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Centaurea Solstitialis ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Trade Off

Invasive plants may leave enemies behind when they colonize a new habitat, allowing selection to favor increased investment in growth and/or reproduction over defensive traits. Previous studies have identified reduced diversity of potential bacterial pathogens and evolutionary increases in growth and reproduction in invading populations of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis). This study leverages a recently developed high-throughput assay of immune function to test for evidence of a trade-off between increased growth and defense against bacterial pathogens in yellow starthistle's invasion of California (USA). Seven bacterial strains were cultured from infected leaf tissue in the native range. Healthy leaf tissue from five native European collections and six invading collections were exposed to these native bacterial strains. A standardized assay of peroxidase activity was used measure the oxidative burst immune response to pathogen recognition by the leaf. Immune responses were compared to plant growth within and between ranges to assess evidence for a trade-off. Plant genotypes from the native range demonstrated a higher immune response to bacterial strains than did invading genotypes, consistent with a trade-off with plant growth across regions. The same trade-off was also apparent across genotypes from the native range, but not across genotypes from the invaded range. Our results provide evidence that increased growth in a highly invasive plant species may come at a cost to immune function, consistent with the hypothesis that escape from enemies can provide opportunities for shifts in resource allocation that favor the proliferation of non-native species.

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