Recovering the Basic Structure of Human Activities from a Video-Based Symbol String

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris Kitani ◽  
Yoichi Sato ◽  
Akihiro Sugimoto
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Basic Structure

RECOVERING THE BASIC STRUCTURE OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES FROM NOISY VIDEO-BASED SYMBOL STRINGS

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (08) ◽  
pp. 1621-1646 ◽  
Author(s):  
KRIS M. KITANI ◽  
YOICHI SATO ◽  
AKIHIRO SUGIMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Basic Activity ◽  
Noisy Input ◽  
Input Source ◽  
Real Video ◽  
Stochastic Context Free Grammars ◽  
Context Free

In recent years stochastic context-free grammars have been shown to be effective in modeling human activities because of the hierarchical structures they represent. However, most of the research in this area has yet to address the issue of learning the activity grammars from a noisy input source, namely, video. In this paper, we present a framework for identifying noise and recovering the basic activity grammar from a noisy symbol string produced by video. We identify the noise symbols by finding the set of non-noise symbols that optimally compresses the training data, where the optimality of compression is measured using an MDL criterion. We show the robustness of our system to noise and its effectiveness in learning the basic structure of human activity, through experiments with artificial data and a real video sequence from a local convenience store.

Microstructure and crystal symmetry of Pb2Sr2(Y/Ca)Cu3O9−δ

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-65
Author(s):  
Y. P. Lin ◽  
J. S. Xue ◽  
J. E. Greedan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
High Temperature Superconductors ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Crystal Symmetry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Space Groups ◽  
New Family ◽  
Convergent Beam

A new family of high temperature superconductors based on Pb2Sr2YCu3O9−δ has recently been reported. One method of improving Tc has been to replace Y partially with Ca. Although the basic structure of this type of superconductors is known, the detailed structure is still unclear, and various space groups has been proposed. In our work, crystals of Pb2Sr2YCu3O9−δ with dimensions up to 1 × 1 × 0.25.mm and with Tc of 84 K have been grown and their superconducting properties described. The defects and crystal symmetry have been investigated using electron microscopy performed on crushed crystals supported on a holey carbon film.Electron diffraction confirmed x-ray diffraction results which showed that the crystals are primitive orthorhombic with a=0.5383, b=0.5423 and c=1.5765 nm. Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction (CBED) patterns for the and axes are shown in Figs. 1 and 2 respectively.

The brain structure and neurosecretory cells of noctuid moth Anadevidia peponis: Noctuidae

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-437
Author(s):  
M. Sato ◽  
Y. Ogawa ◽  
M. Sasaki ◽  
T. Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Clock ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Noctuid Moth ◽  
The Right ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
The Brain

A virgin female of the noctuid moth, a kind of noctuidae that eats cucumis, etc. performs calling at a fixed time of each day, depending on the length of a day. The photoreceptors that induce this calling are located around the neurosecretory cells (NSC) in the central portion of the protocerebrum. Besides, it is considered that the female’s biological clock is located also in the cerebral lobe. In order to elucidate the calling and the function of the biological clock, it is necessary to clarify the basic structure of the brain. The observation results of 12 or 30 day-old noctuid moths showed that their brains are basically composed of an outer and an inner portion-neural lamella (about 2.5 μm) of collagen fibril and perineurium cells. Furthermore, nerve cells surround the cerebral lobes, in which NSCs, mushroom bodies, and central nerve cells, etc. are observed. The NSCs are large-sized (20 to 30 μm dia.) cells, which are located in the pons intercerebralis of the head section and at the rear of the mushroom body (two each on the right and left). Furthermore, the cells were classified into two types: one having many free ribosoms 15 to 20 nm in dia. and the other having granules 150 to 350 nm in dia. (Fig. 1).

HRTEM study of valleriite, a hydroxide-bearing copper sulfide

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-463
Author(s):  
S. Wang ◽  
P. R. Buseck
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Copper Sulfide ◽  
Carbonaceous Chondrite ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Wavy Structure

Valleriite is an unusual mineral, consisting of intergrowths of sulfide layers (corresponding in structure to the mineral smythite - Fe9S11) and hydroxide layers (corresponding to brucite - Mg(OH2)). It has a composition of approximately 1.526[Mg.68Al.32(OH)2].[Fe1.07Cu.93S2] and consists of two interpenetrating lattices, each of which retains its individual structural and diffraction characteristics parallel to the layering. The valleriite structure is related to that of tochilinite, an unusual iron-rich mineral that is of considerable interest for the origin of certain carbonaceous chondrite meteorites and to those of franckeite and cylindrite, two minerals that are of interest because of their unique morphological and crystallographic properties, e.g., the distinctive curved form of cylindrite and the perfect mica-like cleavage with unusual striations and the long-period wavy structure of franckeite.Our selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) images of valleriite provide new structural data. A basic structure and a new superstructure have been observed.

Local Policy for a Protected Environmental Area Management: The Case of Limiting Motorized Vehicles in Park of Canigou in Pyrenées Orientales

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Individual Action ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Motorized Vehicles ◽  
Local Levels

“We regard the recent science –based consensual reports that climate change is, to a large extend, caused by human activities that emit green houses as tenable, Such activities range from air traffic, with a global reach over industrial belts and urban conglomerations to local small, scale energy use for heating homes and mowing lawns. This means that effective climate strategies inevitably also require action all the way from global to local levels. Since the majority of those activities originate at the local level and involve individual action, however, climate strategies must literally begin at home to hit home.”

Tense? (Re)lax!

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-71
Author(s):  
Markus A. Pöchtrager
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Government Phonology ◽  
Vowel Height

AbstractThis article looks at what is referred to as the tense/lax contrast in English and proposes that members of the two sets of vowel have the same basic structure but differ in how part of that structure is made use of by its neighbours. The proposal forms part of a general theory of the representation of vowel height within the framework of Government Phonology 2.0.

Injecting Inter-Layers and the Built-in Potential of Blue Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes

2000 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Brown ◽  
Ian S. Millard ◽  
David J. Lacey ◽  
Jeremy H. Burroughes ◽  
Richard H. Friend ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Carrier Injection ◽  
Semiconducting Polymer ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
Organic Solid ◽  
Polymer Light Emitting Diodes

ABSTRACTThe semiconducting-polymer/injecting-electrode heterojunction plays a crucial part in the operation of organic solid state devices. In polymer light-emitting diodes (LEDs), a common fundamental structure employed is Indium-Tin-Oxide/Polymer/Al. However, in order to fabricate efficient devices, alterations to this basic structure have to be carried out. The insertion of thin layers, between the electrodes and the emitting polymer, has been shown to greatly enhance LED performance, although the physical mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. Here, we use electro-absorption measurements of the built-in potential to monitor shifts in the barrier height at the electrode/polymer interface. We demonstrate that the main advantage brought about by inter-layers, such as poly(ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulphonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) at the anode and Ca, LiF and CsF at the cathode, is a marked reduction of the barrier to carrier injection. The electro- absorption results also correlate with the electroluminescent characteristics of the LEDs.

Spatiotemporal Changes of Riverbed and Surrounding Environment in Yongding River (Beijing section) in the Past 40 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 40407-1-40407-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Pang ◽  
He Huang ◽  
Tri Dev Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Cropland Area ◽  
The Past ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Spatiotemporal Changes ◽  
Yongding River

Abstract Yongding River is one of the five major river systems in Beijing. It is located to the west of Beijing. It has influenced culture along its basin. The river supports both rural and urban areas. Furthermore, it influences economic development, water conservation, and the natural environment. However, during the past few decades, due to the combined effect of increasing population and economic activities, a series of changes have led to problems such as the reduction in water volume and the exposure of the riverbed. In this study, remote sensing images were used to derive land cover maps and compare spatiotemporal changes during the past 40 years. As a result, the following data were found: forest changed least; cropland area increased to a large extent; bareland area was reduced by a maximum of 63%; surface water area in the study area was lower from 1989 to 1999 because of the excessive use of water in human activities, but it increased by 92% from 2010 to 2018 as awareness about protecting the environment arose; there was a small increase in the built-up area, but this was more planned. These results reveal that water conservancy construction, agroforestry activities, and increasing urbanization have a great impact on the surrounding environment of the Yongding River (Beijing section). This study discusses in detail how the current situation can be attributed to of human activities, policies, economic development, and ecological conservation Furthermore, it suggests improvement by strengthening the governance of the riverbed and the riverside. These results and discussion can be a reference and provide decision support for the management of southwest Beijing or similar river basins in peri-urban areas.

An Exploration of Elements of Folklore in Ntuli’s Translation of Mandela’s Long Walk to Freedom

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Masubelele
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
The People ◽  
Story Pattern

 The telling of stories forms an integral part of human activities. It dominated pre-modern cultures and is still a human preoccupation today. All aspects of human life may be turned into a story, which may take one of many forms. Stories may be original creations in the language and culture in which they are told, or they may be derived—that is, they may be taken from another language and culture. Whatever the case, the people who are telling or retelling the story pattern the language they use in a manner that will arouse interest in their audience. It is against the backdrop of retelling stories that this article examines Ntuli’s use of elements of folklore in his translation of Mandela’s Long Walk to Freedom. The elements to be explored in Ntuli’s translation include proverbs and idioms. Gottschall’s notion of The storytelling animal underpins the discussions in this article. Accordingly, the article demonstrates how the use of the elements of folklore helped the translator to adorn his work in order to assert his presence in the text and to relate the receptor to modes of behaviour relevant to their culture. 

The Generative Dimension of Translation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
Alexander Kozin
Keyword(s):  
Basic Structure ◽  
General Level ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Original Sense ◽  
Optimal Mode

This article seeks to disclose the sense(s) of translation by attending to it in the phenomenological key with Edmund Husserl’s The Origin of Geometry. I suggest that the text could be approached through the prism of generative phenomenology, and I investigate it from two different perspectives: xenological and Derridean. Both perspectives are employed toward the same objective: to demonstrate the theoretical relevance of Husserl’s text to the understanding of a complex social phenomenon such as translation. The emphasis on sociality, historicity, and tradition, as these themes transpire in The Origin, brings about a new understanding of translation as a phenomenon of the liminal in-between, with its basic structure defined as the encounter with the alien. Derrida gives this emphasis much attention in his commentary on The Origin. In this commentary, he focuses on the constitution of a communal history, which is not possible without the iteration of the origin, the basic means of which is communication on the general level, while on the level of different socio-cultural worlds translation comes up as the most optimal mode for the encounter with the alien. The encounter takes place in the liminal in-between which points to repeatability as the original sense of translation inscribed in the acts of binding and approximation.

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