Media Naturalness and Compensatory Adaptation: Counterintuitive Effects on Correct Rejections of Deceitful Contract Clauses

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ned Kock ◽  
Jesus Carmona ◽  
Murad Moqbel
Keyword(s):  
Compensatory Adaptation ◽  
Media Naturalness

scholarly journals H-2M3a violates the paradigm for major histocompatibility complex class I peptide binding.

1995 ◽  
Vol 181 (5) ◽  
pp. 1817-1825 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Vyas ◽  
J R Rodgers ◽  
R R Rich
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Mhc Class I ◽  
Temperature Shift ◽  
Class I ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Compensatory Adaptation ◽  
Chemotactic Peptides ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Formyl Peptides

The major histocompatibility (MHC) class I-b molecule H-2M3a binds and presents N-formylated peptides to cytotoxic T lymphocytes. This requirement potentially places severe constraints on the number of peptides that M3a can present to the immune system. Consistent with this idea, the M3a-Ld MHC class I chimera is expressed at very low levels on the cell surface, but can be induced significantly by the addition of specific peptides at 27 degrees C. Using this assay, we show that M3a binds many very short N-formyl peptides, including N-formyl chemotactic peptides and canonical octapeptides. This observation is in sharp contrast to the paradigmatic size range of peptides of 8-10 amino acids binding to most class I-a molecules and the class I-b molecule Qa-2. Stabilization by fMLF-benzyl amide could be detected at peptide concentrations as low as 100 nM. While N-formyl peptides as short as two amino acids in length stabilized expression of M3a-Ld, increasing the length of these peptides added to the stability of peptide-MHC complexes as determined by 27-37 degrees C temperature shift experiments. We propose that relaxation of the length rule may represent a compensatory adaptation to maximize the number of peptides that can be presented by H-2M3a.

Examining the effectiveness of compensatory adaptation from a consumer's perspective in evaluating products online

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-81
Author(s):  
Jaejoo Lim ◽  
Jim R. Wollscheid ◽  
Ramakrishna Ayyagari
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Information Quality ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Knowledge Gap ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Compensatory Adaptation ◽  
Practical Factors ◽  
Effective Transfer ◽  
Transfer Of Information

PurposeConsumers often encounter issues of perceived ambiguity and performance risk when attempting to evaluate experience goods being offered online. Sellers try to alleviate this knowledge gap often seen in a medium of low naturalness by engaging in effective compensatory adaptation. This research theoretically looks into three primary aspects of compensatory adaption and their potential in securing communication of high-quality information between the online seller and consumer.Design/methodology/approachUtilizing survey data and structural equation modeling, this study tests the effectiveness of different aspects of compensatory adaption to alleviate the knowledge gap in a medium of low naturalness.FindingsDrawing on media naturalness theory and the tripartite model of attitude, this paper identifies three theoretical components that significantly affect the effectiveness of compensatory adaption. They are information retrieval capability from the cognitive/logical aspect, information richness from the affective/audiovisual aspect and interactivity from the behavioral aspect. The effectiveness of compensatory adaptation proves to have a positive impact on perceived information quality.Originality/valueTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper in the information systems literature to examine the compensatory adaptation tools for effective transfer of information. This study contributes to the academics by providing three handles to improve effectiveness of compensatory adaptation toward information quality. We focus on three compensatory adaptation tools in cognitive/logical, affective/audiovisual and behavioral aspects, and this compensation perspective leads to three practical factors that affect effective transfer of information between online sellers and consumers. The result of this study complements the nomological network of the enablers and impediments of e-commerce.

scholarly journals Sexual Selection Does Not Increase the Rate of Compensatory Adaptation to a Mutation Influencing a Secondary Sexual Trait in Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1541-1551
Author(s):  
Christopher H. Chandler ◽  
Anna Mammel ◽  
Ian Dworkin
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Spontaneous Mutation ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Phenotypic Suppression ◽  
Compensatory Adaptation ◽  
Deleterious Alleles ◽  
Sex Comb

Theoretical work predicts that sexual selection can enhance natural selection, increasing the rate of adaptation to new environments and helping purge harmful mutations. While some experiments support these predictions, remarkably little work has addressed the role of sexual selection on compensatory adaptation—populations’ ability to compensate for the costs of deleterious alleles that are already present. We tested whether sexual selection, as well as the degree of standing genetic variation, affect the rate of compensatory evolution via phenotypic suppression in experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster. These populations were fixed for a spontaneous mutation causing mild abnormalities in the male sex comb, a structure important for mating success. We fine-mapped this mutation to an ∼85 kb region on the X chromosome containing three candidate genes, showed that the mutation is deleterious, and that its phenotypic expression and penetrance vary by genetic background. We then performed experimental evolution, including a treatment where opportunity for mate choice was limited by experimentally enforced monogamy. Although evolved populations did show some phenotypic suppression of the morphological abnormalities in the sex comb, the amount of suppression did not depend on the opportunity for sexual selection. Sexual selection, therefore, may not always enhance natural selection; instead, the interaction between these two forces may depend on additional factors.

scholarly journals Therapeutic antimicrobial peptides may compromise natural immunity

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle G. J. L. Habets ◽  
Michael A. Brockhurst
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Therapeutic Use ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
New Class ◽  
Compensatory Adaptation ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Potential Risks

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been proposed as a promising new class of antimicrobials despite warnings that therapeutic use could drive the evolution of pathogens resistant to our own immunity peptides. Using experimental evolution, we demonstrate that Staphylococcus aureus rapidly evolved resistance to pexiganan, a drug-candidate for diabetic leg ulcer infections. Evolved resistance was costly in terms of impaired growth rate, but costs-of-resistance were completely ameliorated by compensatory adaptation. Crucially, we show that, in some populations, experimentally evolved resistance to pexiganan provided S. aureus with cross-resistance to human-neutrophil-defensin-1, a key component of the innate immune response to infection. This unintended consequence of therapeutic use could drastically undermine our innate immune system's ability to control and clear microbial infections. Our results therefore highlight grave potential risks of AMP therapies, with implications for their development.

Renal nerves in the compensatory adaptation to ureteral occlusion

1980 ◽  
Vol 238 (3) ◽  
pp. F229-F234 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Francisco ◽  
L. G. Hoversten ◽  
G. F. DiBona
Keyword(s):  
Renal Nerves ◽  
Compensatory Adaptation ◽  
Ureteral Occlusion

scholarly journals Genomics of Compensatory Adaptation in Experimental Populations of Aspergillus nidulans

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy R. Dettman ◽  
Nicolas Rodrigue ◽  
Sijmen E. Schoustra ◽  
Rees Kassen
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Compensatory Adaptation ◽  
Experimental Populations
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