Performances Evaluation of On-Chip Large-Size-Tapped Transformer for MEMS Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 7051-7060
Author(s):  
Fares Tounsi ◽  
Denis Flandre ◽  
Libor Rufer ◽  
Laurent A. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Large Size ◽  
Performances Evaluation ◽  
On Chip

scholarly journals Quantum Dots as Strain- and Metabolism-Specific Microbiological Labels

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 4205-4213 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Kloepfer ◽  
R. E. Mielke ◽  
M. S. Wong ◽  
K. H. Nealson ◽  
G. Stucky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Cdse Qds ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Spectral Shifts ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
On Chip

ABSTRACT Biologically conjugated quantum dots (QDs) have shown great promise as multiwavelength fluorescent labels for on-chip bioassays and eukaryotic cells. However, use of these photoluminescent nanocrystals in bacteria has not previously been reported, and their large size (3 to 10 nm) makes it unclear whether they inhibit bacterial recognition of attached molecules and whether they are able to pass through bacterial cell walls. Here we describe the use of conjugated CdSe QDs for strain- and metabolism-specific microbial labeling in a wide variety of bacteria and fungi, and our analysis was geared toward using receptors for a conjugated biomolecule that are present and active on the organism's surface. While cell surface molecules, such as glycoproteins, make excellent targets for conjugated QDs, internal labeling is inconsistent and leads to large spectral shifts compared with the original fluorescence, suggesting that there is breakup or dissolution of the QDs. Transmission electron microscopy of whole mounts and thin sections confirmed that bacteria are able to extract Cd and Se from QDs in a fashion dependent upon the QD surface conjugate.

scholarly journals Breakthrough in purification of fossil pollen for dating of sediments by a new large-particle on-chip sorter

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. eabe7327
Author(s):  
Y. Kasai ◽  
C. Leipe ◽  
M. Saito ◽  
H. Kitagawa ◽  
S. Lauterbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Large Particle ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Fossil Pollen ◽  
Maximum Dimension ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Particle Sorting ◽  
Activation System ◽  
On Chip

Particle sorting is a fundamental method in various fields of medical and biological research. However, existing sorting applications are not capable for high-throughput sorting of large-size (>100 micrometers) particles. Here, we present a novel on-chip sorting method using traveling vortices generated by on-demand microjet flows, which locally exceed laminar flow condition, allowing for high-throughput sorting (5 kilohertz) with a record-wide sorting area of 520 micrometers. Using an activation system based on fluorescence detection, the method successfully sorted 160-micrometer microbeads and purified fossil pollen (maximum dimension around 170 micrometers) from lake sediments. Radiocarbon dates of sorting-derived fossil pollen concentrates proved accurate, demonstrating the method’s ability to enhance building chronologies for paleoenvironmental records from sedimentary archives. The method is capable to cover urgent needs for high-throughput large-particle sorting in genomics, metabolomics, and regenerative medicine and opens up new opportunities for the use of pollen and other microfossils in geochronology, paleoecology, and paleoclimatology.

FXY: A HIERARCHICAL ROUTING ALGORITHM TO BALANCE PERFORMANCE AND FAULT TOLERANCE IN NETWORKS-ON-CHIP

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1450146 ◽  
Author(s):  
SALEH FAKHRALI ◽  
HAMID R. ZARANDI
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Networks On Chip ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
And Performance ◽  
On Chip

This paper presents a hierarchical fault-tolerant routing algorithm called FXY, which is a hybrid method based on flooding and XY, and can balance performance and fault tolerance based on a predefined parameter m. First, FXY partitions the whole network into different equal size square submeshes with the size of m × m. At the first level of the hierarchy, packet routing within these submeshes is performed based on flooding routing algorithm. When the packets are received at effective boundary of each submesh, XY routing is performed to route the packet inter submeshes i.e., from one submesh to the neighbor submesh which is certainly one of its neighbor nodes. Here, the size of the submesh is defined as fault-tolerant granularity. As fault-tolerant granularity is increased, the size of the submeshes will be increased, therefore the method mainly floods packets in large-size submeshes and finally packets are received at their destinations correctly. On the other hand, when fault-tolerant granularity is decreased, the method mainly routes packets as XY method, which is not fault-tolerant, but has the best performance. The method is evaluated for various packet injection rates and fault rates. The experimental results reveal that the method presents a fault-tolerant routing algorithm, and can be adjusted so that it shows better fault-tolerance and performance trade-offs compared to XY and flooding which are two end-to-end cases of having the best performance and no fault-tolerance, having the least performance and the best fault tolerance, respectively. The experimental results for an 8 × 8 NoC size, have shown that 2-FXY, which is the proposed method with fault-tolerant granularity of two, offers the best trade-off between performance and fault tolerance compared to other methods, XY, flooding and probabilistic flooding.

scholarly journals Eightdirectional Smart Reconfigurable Router Design for Network on Chip (Noc)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 556-559
Keyword(s):  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Network On Chip ◽  
Buffer Size ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Dissipation Energy ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Energy Latency ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Excess Power

Designing N.O.C routers are based on performance parameters like power dissipation , energy , latency[2] .These performance are usually defined during design time.Taking under consideration all parameters as buffer size while designing lead to higher side of power dissipation and higher latency . Large size buffers lead to good performance but at the same time cause excess power dissipation. In this paper our aim is to design a router which supports heterogeneous data .

Coherency loss in γ' precipitates in nickel-base superalloy

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
R. A. Ricks ◽  
Angus J. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Mismatch ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Nickel Base Superalloy ◽  
Large Size ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Nimonic 80A ◽  
Interfacial Dislocations ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Coherency Loss ◽  
Nimonic 115

During a recent investigation concerning the growth of γ' precipitates in nickel-base superalloys it was observed that the sign of the lattice mismatch between the coherent particles and the matrix (γ) was important in determining the ease with which matrix dislocations could be incorporated into the interface to relieve coherency strains. Thus alloys with a negative misfit (ie. the γ' lattice parameter was smaller than the matrix) could lose coherency easily and γ/γ' interfaces would exhibit regularly spaced networks of dislocations, as shown in figure 1 for the case of Nimonic 115 (misfit = -0.15%). In contrast, γ' particles in alloys with a positive misfit could grow to a large size and not show any such dislocation arrangements in the interface, thus indicating that coherency had not been lost. Figure 2 depicts a large γ' precipitate in Nimonic 80A (misfit = +0.32%) showing few interfacial dislocations.

Automatic analysis of Kikuchi diffraction patterns

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 900-901
Author(s):  
H. Weiland ◽  
D. P. Field
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
New Type ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Orientation Determination

Recent advances in the automatic indexing of backscatter Kikuchi diffraction patterns on the scanning electron microscope (SEM) has resulted in the development of a new type of microscopy. The ability to obtain statistically relevant information on the spatial distribution of crystallite orientations is giving rise to new insight into polycrystalline microstructures and their relation to materials properties. A limitation of the technique in the SEM is that the spatial resolution of the measurement is restricted by the relatively large size of the electron beam in relation to various microstructural features. Typically the spatial resolution in the SEM is limited to about half a micron or greater. Heavily worked structures exhibit microstructural features much finer than this and require resolution on the order of nanometers for accurate characterization. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) techniques offer sufficient resolution to investigate heavily worked crystalline materials.Crystal lattice orientation determination from Kikuchi diffraction patterns in the TEM (Figure 1) requires knowledge of the relative positions of at least three non-parallel Kikuchi line pairs in relation to the crystallite and the electron beam.

Immunoprobe localization in mammalian embryos

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
Patricia G. Calarco ◽  
Margaret C. Siebert
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Relative Lack ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Mammalian Embryos ◽  
Antigen Localization ◽  
Difficult Challenge ◽  
Lowicryl K4m ◽  
Fertilized Egg

Visualization of preimplantation mammalian embryos by electron microscopy is difficult due to the large size of the ircells, their relative lack of internal structure, and their highly hydrated cytoplasm. For example, the fertilized egg of the mouse is a single cell of approximately 75μ in diameter with little organized cytoskelet on and apaucity ofor ganelles such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi material. Thus, techniques that work well on tissues or cell lines are often not adaptable to embryos at either the LM or EM level.Over several years we have perfected techniques for visualization of mammalian embryos by LM and TEM, SEM and for the pre-embedding localization of antigens. Post-embedding antigenlocalization in thin sections of mouse oocytes and embryos has presented a more difficult challenge and has been explored in LR White, LR Gold, soft EPON (after etching of sections), and Lowicryl K4M. To date, antigen localization has only been achieved in Lowicryl-embedded material, although even with polymerization at-40°C, the small ER vesicles characteristic of embryos are unrecognizable.

Vibration Isolator System for Electron Microscope

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-183
Author(s):  
K. Ohi ◽  
M. Mizuno ◽  
T. Kasai ◽  
Y. Ohkura ◽  
K. Mizuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vibration Isolator ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Vibration Isolators ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Electron Microscopes

In recent years, with electron microscopes coming into wider use, their installation environments do not necessarily give their performance full play. Their environmental conditions include air-conditioners, magnetic fields, and vibrations. We report a jointly developed entirely new vibration isolator which is effective against the vibrations transmitted from the floor.Conventionally, large-sized vibration isolators which need the digging of a pit have been used. These vibration isolators, however, are large present problems of installation and maintenance because of their large-size.Thus, we intended to make a vibration isolator which1) eliminates the need for changing the installation room2) eliminates the need of maintenance and3) are compact in size and easily installable.

Gut microbiome a promising target for management of respiratory diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 477 (14) ◽  
pp. 2679-2696
Author(s):  
Riddhi Trivedi ◽  
Kalyani Barve
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Intestinal Microbial Flora ◽  
On Chip

The intestinal microbial flora has risen to be one of the important etiological factors in the development of diseases like colorectal cancer, obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, anxiety and Parkinson's. The emergence of the association between bacterial flora and lungs led to the discovery of the gut–lung axis. Dysbiosis of several species of colonic bacteria such as Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and transfer of these bacteria from gut to lungs via lymphatic and systemic circulation are associated with several respiratory diseases such as lung cancer, asthma, tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, etc. Current therapies for dysbiosis include use of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics to restore the balance between various species of beneficial bacteria. Various approaches like nanotechnology and microencapsulation have been explored to increase the permeability and viability of probiotics in the body. The need of the day is comprehensive study of mechanisms behind dysbiosis, translocation of microbiota from gut to lung through various channels and new technology for evaluating treatment to correct this dysbiosis which in turn can be used to manage various respiratory diseases. Microfluidics and organ on chip model are emerging technologies that can satisfy these needs. This review gives an overview of colonic commensals in lung pathology and novel systems that help in alleviating symptoms of lung diseases. We have also hypothesized new models to help in understanding bacterial pathways involved in the gut–lung axis as well as act as a futuristic approach in finding treatment of respiratory diseases caused by dysbiosis.

Clinically Meaningful Change

Methodology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Ferrer ◽  
Antonio Pardo
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
False Negative ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test

Abstract. In a recent paper, Ferrer and Pardo (2014) tested several distribution-based methods designed to assess when test scores obtained before and after an intervention reflect a statistically reliable change. However, we still do not know how these methods perform from the point of view of false negatives. For this purpose, we have simulated change scenarios (different effect sizes in a pre-post-test design) with distributions of different shapes and with different sample sizes. For each simulated scenario, we generated 1,000 samples. In each sample, we recorded the false-negative rate of the five distribution-based methods with the best performance from the point of view of the false positives. Our results have revealed unacceptable rates of false negatives even with effects of very large size, starting from 31.8% in an optimistic scenario (effect size of 2.0 and a normal distribution) to 99.9% in the worst scenario (effect size of 0.2 and a highly skewed distribution). Therefore, our results suggest that the widely used distribution-based methods must be applied with caution in a clinical context, because they need huge effect sizes to detect a true change. However, we made some considerations regarding the effect size and the cut-off points commonly used which allow us to be more precise in our estimates.

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