scholarly journals Modeling and Control of LCC Rectifiers for Offshore Wind Farms Connected by HVDC Links

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 1284-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Angel Cardiel-Alvarez ◽  
Jose Luis Rodriguez-Amenedo ◽  
Santiago Arnaltes ◽  
Miguel E. Montilla-DJesus
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Modeling And Control ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Distance-Based Sampling Methods for Assessing the Ecological Effects of Offshore Wind Farms: Synthesis and Application to Fisheries Resource Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth T. Methratta
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
Temporal Variance ◽  
Powerful Approach ◽  
And Control

Renewable energy, sustainable seafood, and a healthy marine ecosystem are integral elements of a sustainable blue economy. The rapid global advancement of offshore wind coupled with its potential to affect marine life compels an urgent need for robust methodologies to assess the impacts of this industry on fisheries resource species. Basic Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) and Control-Impact (CI) designs are the most common experimental designs used to study the effects of offshore wind development on fisheries resources. These designs do not account for spatial heterogeneity which presents a challenge because empirical evidence shows that impact gradients occur at wind farms, with larger effect sizes close to turbine foundations that attenuate with increasing distance. Combining the before-after sampling design with distance-based methods could provide a powerful approach for characterizing both the spatial and temporal variance associated with wind development. Toward enhancing future monitoring designs for fisheries resource species at offshore wind farms, this paper aims to: (1) examine distance-based sampling methods that have been or could potentially be used to study impacts on fisheries resources at offshore wind farms including distance-stratified BACI, distance-stratified CI, Before-After-Gradient (BAG), and After-Gradient (AG) methods; (2) synthesize the methods and findings of studies conducted to date that have used distance-based methods to examine ecological impacts of offshore wind development for benthic macroinvertebrates, finfish, birds, and small mammals; (3) examine some of the central methodological elements and issues to consider in developing distance-based impact studies; and (4) offer recommendations for how to incorporate distance-based sampling methods into monitoring plans at offshore wind farms.

scholarly journals A Review on Topology, Operating and Control Methods of HVDC Transmission System for Offshore Wind Farms

2020 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 06012
Author(s):  
Jinke Li ◽  
Jingyuan Yin ◽  
Yonggao Guan ◽  
Zhenquan Wang ◽  
Tao Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Transmission ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Transmission Systems ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Hvdc Transmission ◽  
And Control

High-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems are a promising solution for long distances power transmission offshore wind farms. In order to satisfy the reliability requirements of receiving-end grid and system, the topology, operation and control of HVDC transmission systems for offshore wind farms should be paid more attention. Thus, the aim of this manuscript is to offer a comprehensive summary of existing topology, operation and control methods applied to HVDC transmission system for offshore wind farms. Special attention is provided to the ac grid fault through control methods, droop control methods, power sharing rules and specific requirements of HVDC system planning, model, design and investment. The results are important for understanding the operation of VSC-HVDC in offshore wind farms.

STATCOM Operation and Control for Offshore Wind Farms with Diode Rectifier-based HVDC Connection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashkan Nami ◽  
Jose Luis Rodriguez-Amenedo ◽  
Santiago Arnaltes ◽  
Miguel Angel Cardiel Alvarez ◽  
Roberto Alves Baraciarte
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Design and Transient Studies on Multi-Terminal VSC-HVDC Systems Interconnecting Offshore Wind Farms

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-192
Author(s):  
M. Mohan ◽  
K. Panduranga Vittal
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Transmission Systems ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Modeling And Control ◽  
Hvdc Transmission

In recent years, offshore wind energy has increased significantly. The continuous increase in the offshore wind power generation level brings the requirement of the offshore wind farms (OWFs) integration with an AC grid. The multi-terminal (MT) voltage source converters (VSC)-based high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system is an emerging technology and also the best option to interconnect the large-scale OWFs to the AC grid. This paper presents the design, modeling, and control of MT VSC-HVDC transmission system linked offshore wind farms. Different cases of MT VSC-HVDC transmission systems are developed, and its simulation studies are carried out using PSCAD/EMTDC. The test results show the transient performance of the MT VSC-HVDC transmission systems under various AC and DC fault conditions. The studies also include the influence of wind variabilities as in the form of gust and ramp pattern during steady state and fault conditions.

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