scholarly journals Topologies and control of low-frequency alternating current for offshore wind farms based on modular multilevel matrix converter

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (16) ◽  
pp. 2271-2277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Yuan ◽  
Ruibing Zhou ◽  
Ming Tong
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Matrix Converter ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Distance-Based Sampling Methods for Assessing the Ecological Effects of Offshore Wind Farms: Synthesis and Application to Fisheries Resource Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth T. Methratta
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
Temporal Variance ◽  
Powerful Approach ◽  
And Control

Renewable energy, sustainable seafood, and a healthy marine ecosystem are integral elements of a sustainable blue economy. The rapid global advancement of offshore wind coupled with its potential to affect marine life compels an urgent need for robust methodologies to assess the impacts of this industry on fisheries resource species. Basic Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) and Control-Impact (CI) designs are the most common experimental designs used to study the effects of offshore wind development on fisheries resources. These designs do not account for spatial heterogeneity which presents a challenge because empirical evidence shows that impact gradients occur at wind farms, with larger effect sizes close to turbine foundations that attenuate with increasing distance. Combining the before-after sampling design with distance-based methods could provide a powerful approach for characterizing both the spatial and temporal variance associated with wind development. Toward enhancing future monitoring designs for fisheries resource species at offshore wind farms, this paper aims to: (1) examine distance-based sampling methods that have been or could potentially be used to study impacts on fisheries resources at offshore wind farms including distance-stratified BACI, distance-stratified CI, Before-After-Gradient (BAG), and After-Gradient (AG) methods; (2) synthesize the methods and findings of studies conducted to date that have used distance-based methods to examine ecological impacts of offshore wind development for benthic macroinvertebrates, finfish, birds, and small mammals; (3) examine some of the central methodological elements and issues to consider in developing distance-based impact studies; and (4) offer recommendations for how to incorporate distance-based sampling methods into monitoring plans at offshore wind farms.

scholarly journals Offshore Wind Farms with Low Frequency AC Transmission Connection to the Main Grid

IJIREEICE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Padala Lakshmi ◽  
Shaik Hussain Vali ◽  
Asapu Siva
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Ac Transmission

scholarly journals A Review on Topology, Operating and Control Methods of HVDC Transmission System for Offshore Wind Farms

2020 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 06012
Author(s):  
Jinke Li ◽  
Jingyuan Yin ◽  
Yonggao Guan ◽  
Zhenquan Wang ◽  
Tao Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Transmission ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Transmission Systems ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Hvdc Transmission ◽  
And Control

High-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems are a promising solution for long distances power transmission offshore wind farms. In order to satisfy the reliability requirements of receiving-end grid and system, the topology, operation and control of HVDC transmission systems for offshore wind farms should be paid more attention. Thus, the aim of this manuscript is to offer a comprehensive summary of existing topology, operation and control methods applied to HVDC transmission system for offshore wind farms. Special attention is provided to the ac grid fault through control methods, droop control methods, power sharing rules and specific requirements of HVDC system planning, model, design and investment. The results are important for understanding the operation of VSC-HVDC in offshore wind farms.

STATCOM Operation and Control for Offshore Wind Farms with Diode Rectifier-based HVDC Connection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashkan Nami ◽  
Jose Luis Rodriguez-Amenedo ◽  
Santiago Arnaltes ◽  
Miguel Angel Cardiel Alvarez ◽  
Roberto Alves Baraciarte
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Modeling and Control of LCC Rectifiers for Offshore Wind Farms Connected by HVDC Links

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 1284-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Angel Cardiel-Alvarez ◽  
Jose Luis Rodriguez-Amenedo ◽  
Santiago Arnaltes ◽  
Miguel E. Montilla-DJesus
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Modeling And Control ◽  
And Control
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