On Group Testing Protocols for Binary-Feedback Multiaccess Channel

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 574-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Seshadri ◽  
P. Srikantakumar
Keyword(s):  
Group Testing ◽  
Binary Feedback ◽  
Testing Protocols ◽  
Multiaccess Channel

scholarly journals Evaluation of Group Testing for SARS-CoV-2 RNA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasa Sinnott-Armstrong ◽  
Daniel L. Klein ◽  
Brendan Hickey
Keyword(s):  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Group Testing ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Testing Strategy ◽  
Pooled Testing ◽  
Testing Strategies ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Testing Protocols

AbstractDuring the current COVID-19 pandemic, testing kit and RNA extraction kit availability has become a major limiting factor in the ability to determine patient disease status and accurately quantify prevalence. Current testing strategies rely on individual tests of cases matching restrictive diagnostic criteria to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA, limiting testing of asymptomatic and mild cases. Testing these individuals is one effective way to understand and reduce the spread of COVID-19.Here, we develop a pooled testing strategy to identify these low-risk individuals. Drawing on the well-studied group testing literature, modeling suggests practical changes to testing protocols which can reduce test costs and stretch a limited test kit supply. When most tests are negative, pooling reduces the total number of tests up to four-fold at 2% prevalence and eight-fold at 0.5% prevalence. At current SARS-CoV-2 prevalence, randomized group testing optimized per country could double the number of tested individuals from 1.85M to 3.7M using only 671k more tests.This strategy is well-suited to supplement testing for asymptomatic and mild cases who would otherwise go untested, and enable them to adopt behavioral changes to slow the spread of COVID-19.

The implications of minority group testing for more effective learning

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence L. Denmark ◽  
Ethel Jackson Shirk ◽  
Leonard E. Bart ◽  
Bernice Baxter ◽  
Alfredo Casteneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minority Group ◽  
Group Testing ◽  
Effective Learning

DESIGNING INTERACTIVE DIGITAL LEARNING MODULE IN BIOLOGY

TABULARASA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenny Pintalitna ◽  
Herbet Sipahutar ◽  
Fauziyah Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Group Testing ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Digital Learning ◽  
Text Learning ◽  
Interactive Learning Environment ◽  
Learning Modules ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Learning Module ◽  
Medium Group

Interactive learning environment can substantially improve student learning and retention of key biology concepts. In this case report, we describe our approach for the design of interactive digital learning module to teach digestive system concepts in Grade 11 learners at SMAN 2 Balige with 180 subjects are selected according to total sampling method. The research method is the development with Dick and Carey model.  Subject of learning module assessment consists of two Biology matter experts, two learning module experts, one electronic media expert, three students for individual trials, ten students and teachers as small group testing, thirty students of SMAN 1 Berastagi for medium group testing, and 60 students of SMAN 2 Balige as large group testing. Quality data of product developed were collected using questionnaires. The results of developmental research showed that: (1) Module assessment by matter, learning modules and media experts were very decent criteria (88.30%, 93.98%, 88.25%); 2) Large group testing of interactive, electronic and text learning modules, respectively were 92.53%, 86.064%, 81.355% belong to very decent criteria; (3) Medium group testing respectively were 84.59%, 80.18%, 76.56% belong to decent criteria; (6) Small group testing respectively were 75.71%, 73.20%, 71.19% belong to decent criteria.

scholarly journals Review of the Durability of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell in Long-Term Operation: Main Influencing Parameters and Testing Protocols

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 4048
Author(s):  
Huu Linh Nguyen ◽  
Jeasu Han ◽  
Xuan Linh Nguyen ◽  
Sangseok Yu ◽  
Young-Mo Goo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Durability Test ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Transportation Applications ◽  
Testing Protocols

Durability is the most pressing issue preventing the efficient commercialization of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stationary and transportation applications. A big barrier to overcoming the durability limitations is gaining a better understanding of failure modes for user profiles. In addition, durability test protocols for determining the lifetime of PEMFCs are important factors in the development of the technology. These methods are designed to gather enough data about the cell/stack to understand its efficiency and durability without causing it to fail. They also provide some indication of the cell/stack’s age in terms of changes in performance over time. Based on a study of the literature, the fundamental factors influencing PEMFC long-term durability and the durability test protocols for both PEMFC stationary and transportation applications were discussed and outlined in depth in this review. This brief analysis should provide engineers and researchers with a fast overview as well as a useful toolbox for investigating PEMFC durability issues.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Attendance Modality on the Learning Performance of a Course on Machines and Mechanisms Theory

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 558
Author(s):  
David Valiente ◽  
Héctor Campello-Vicente ◽  
Emilio Velasco-Sánchez ◽  
Fernando Rodríguez-Mas ◽  
Nuria Campillo-Davo
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Group Testing ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Team Work ◽  
University Education ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Impact

University education approaches related to the field of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM), have generally particularized on teaching activity and learning programs which are commonly understood as reoriented lessons that fuse theoretic concepts interweaved with practical activities. In this context, team work has been widely acknowledged as a means to conduct practical and hands-on lessons, and has been revealed to be successful in the achievement of exercise resolution and design tasks. Besides this, methodologies sustained by ICT resources such as online or blended approaches, have also reported numerous benefits for students’ active learning. However, such benefits have to be fully validated within the particular teaching context, which may facilitate student achievement to a greater or lesser extent. In this work, we analyze the impact of attendance modalities on the learning performance of a STEM-related course on “Machines and Mechanisms Theory”, in which practical lessons are tackled through a team work approach. The validity of the results is reinforced by group testing and statistical tests with a sample of 128 participants. Students were arranged in a test group (online attendance) and in a control group (face-to-face attendance) to proceed with team work during the practical lessons. Thus, the efficacy of distance and in situ methodologies is compared. Moreover, additional variables have also been compared according to the historical record of the course, in regards to previous academic years. Finally, students’ insights about the collaborative side of this program, self-knowledge and satisfaction with the proposal have also been reported by a custom questionnaire. The results demonstrate greater performance and satisfaction amongst participants in the face-to-face modality. Such a modality is prooven to be statistically significant for the final achievement of students in detriment to online attendance.

scholarly journals Pooled testing with replication as a mass testing strategy for the COVID-19 pandemics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius Žilinskas ◽  
Algirdas Lančinskas ◽  
Mario R. Guarracino
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Group Testing ◽  
Testing Strategy ◽  
Testing Technique ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Pooled Testing ◽  
Replication Scheme ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Multiple Patients

AbstractDuring the COVID-19 pandemic it is essential to test as many people as possible, in order to detect early outbreaks of the infection. Present testing solutions are based on the extraction of RNA from patients using oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swabs, and then testing with real-time PCR for the presence of specific RNA filaments identifying the virus. This approach is limited by the availability of reactants, trained technicians and laboratories. One of the ways to speed up the testing procedures is a group testing, where the swabs of multiple patients are grouped together and tested. In this paper we propose to use the group testing technique in conjunction with an advanced replication scheme in which each patient is allocated in two or more groups to reduce the total numbers of tests and to allow testing of even larger numbers of people. Under mild assumptions, a 13 ×  average reduction of tests can be achieved compared to individual testing without delay in time.

scholarly journals A novel metric of reliability in pressure pain threshold measurement

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Liew ◽  
Ho Yin Lee ◽  
David Rügamer ◽  
Alessandro Marco De Nunzio ◽  
Nicola R. Heneghan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Models ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Pressure Pain Threshold ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Pressure Pain ◽  
Pressure Algometer ◽  
Testing Protocols

AbstractThe inter-session Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) is a commonly investigated and clinically important metric of reliability for pressure pain threshold (PPT) measurement. However, current investigations do not account for inter-repetition variability when calculating inter-session ICC, even though a PPT measurement taken at different sessions must also imply different repetitions. The primary aim was to evaluate and report a novel metric of reliability in PPT measurement: the inter-session-repetition ICC. One rater recorded ten repetitions of PPT measurement over the lumbar region bilaterally at two sessions in twenty healthy adults using a pressure algometer. Variance components were computed using linear mixed-models and used to construct ICCs; most notably inter-session ICC and inter-session-repetition ICC. At 70.1% of the total variance, the source of greatest variability was between subjects ($${\sigma }_{subj}^{2}$$ σ subj 2 = 222.28 N2), whereas the source of least variability (1.5% total variance) was between sessions ($${\sigma }_{sess}^{2}$$ σ sess 2 = 4.83 N2). Derived inter-session and inter-session-repetition ICCs were 0.88 (95%CI: 0.77 to 0.94) and 0.73 (95%CI: 0.53 to 0.84) respectively. Inter-session-repetition ICC provides a more conservative estimate of reliability than inter-session ICC, with the magnitude of difference being clinically meaningful. Quantifying individual sources of variability enables ICC construction to be reflective of individual testing protocols.

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