High-Frequency and Low-Frequency Chest Compression: Effects on Lung Water Secretion, Mucus Transport, Heart Rate, and Blood Pressure Using a Trapezoidal Source Pressure Waveform

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
George D. O'Clock ◽  
Yong Wan Lee ◽  
Jongwong Lee ◽  
W. J. Warwick
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Chest Compression ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Pressure Waveform ◽  
Lung Water ◽  
Source Pressure ◽  
Water Secretion ◽  
Compression Effects

Age dependency of cardiovascular autonomic responses to head-up tilt in healthy subjects

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 2333-2340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomi Laitinen ◽  
Leo Niskanen ◽  
Ghislaine Geelen ◽  
Esko Länsimies ◽  
Juha Hartikainen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Upright Position ◽  
Vascular Responses ◽  
Autonomic Responses ◽  
Head Up Tilt

In elderly subjects, heart rate responses to postural change are attenuated, whereas their vascular responses are augmented. Altered strategy in maintaining blood pressure homeostasis during upright position may result from various cardiovascular changes, including age-related cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction. This exploratory study was conducted to evaluate impact of age on cardiovascular autonomic responses to head-up tilt (HUT) in healthy subjects covering a wide age range. The study population consisted of 63 healthy, normal-weight, nonsmoking subjects aged 23–77 yr. Five-minute electrocardiogram and finger blood pressure recordings were performed in the supine position and in the upright position 5 min after 70° HUT. Stroke volume was assessed from noninvasive blood pressure signals by the arterial pulse contour method. Heart rate variability (HRV) and systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV) were analyzed by using spectral analysis, and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was assessed by using sequence and cross-spectral methods. Cardiovascular autonomic activation during HUT consisted of decreases in HRV and BRS and an increase in SBPV. These changes became attenuated with aging. Age correlated significantly with amplitude of HUT-stimulated response of the high-frequency component ( r = -0.61, P < 0.001) and the ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency power of HRV ( r = -0.31, P < 0.05) and indexes of BRS (local BRS: r = -0.62, P < 0.001; cross-spectral baroreflex sensitivity in the low-frequency range: r = -0.38, P < 0.01). Blood pressure in the upright position was maintained well irrespective of age. However, the HUT-induced increase in heart rate was more pronounced in the younger subjects, whereas the increase in peripheral resistance was predominantly observed in the older subjects. Thus it is likely that whereas the dynamic capacity of cardiac autonomic regulation decreases, vascular responses related to vasoactive mechanisms and vascular sympathetic regulation become augmented with increasing age.

scholarly journals Effect of moderate physical exercises on the relationship of variability of the heart rhythm with the level of blood pressure and hemodynamic functions in women with essential hypertension

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Б.И. Кузник ◽  
Ю.Н. Смоляков ◽  
Е.С. Гусева ◽  
С.О. Давыдов ◽  
И.В. Файн
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Relationship

Цель исследования - выявление взаимосвязи между показателями вариабельности сердечного ритма (ВСР), кровяным давлением и гемодинамическими функциями у женщин, страдающих гипертонической болезнью (ГБ) и находящихся на медикаментозной терапии (ГБ-1), либо в дополнение к этому, проходящих регулярные курсы кинезитерапии (ГБ-2). Методика. Наблюдения проведены на 72 женщинах, страдающих артериальной гипертензией II стадии. В группу ГБ-1 вошли 37 женщин с ГБ, находящихся на медикаментозной терапии, в группу ГБ-2 - 35 женщин с ГБ, которые, помимо медикаментозной терапии, регулярно проходили на протяжении 2-3 лет по 3-4 полуторамесячных курса кинезитерапии (управляемые умеренные физические нагрузки). Для изучения гемодинамики был использован датчик динамического рассеяния света (miniature Dynamic Light Scattering - mDLS) от Elfi-Tech (Rehovot, Israel), измеряющий сигналы, инициированные кожным кровотоком, и использующий методику разложения сигнала на частотные компоненты, связанные с разными гемодинамическими источниками. Из пульсовой компоненты mDLS сигнала извлекалась информация о вариабельности RR-интервалов и рассчитывались индикаторы вариабельности сердечного ритма. Введен показатель «гемодинамический индекс» (Hemodynamic Index - HI). Зависимость HI от скорости сдвига интерпретируется путем сопоставления каждой полосе частот определенной скорости сдвига (HI1 - низкочастотный, HI2 - промежуточный, HI3 - высокочастотный). Использованы следующие относительные (RHI, Relative Hemodynamic Index) и осцилляторные (OHI, Oscillatory Hemodynamic Indexes) гемодинамические индексы: нейрологический (NEUR), Майера (MAYER), дыхательный (RESP) и пульсовой (PULSE). ВСР показатели включали: HR (Heart Rate), PWR (Power) - общую мощность колебаний, LF (Low Frequency), HF (High Frequency), SDNN (Standard Deviation of the Normal-to-Normal), RMSSD (Root Mean Square of the Successive Differences), а также индексы: CVI (Cardiac Vagal Index) и CSI (Cardiac Sympathetic Index). Результаты. У женщин, находящихся исключительно на медикаментозной терапии (ГБ-1), выявляются отрицательные взаимосвязи LF и LF/HF с систолическим, средним и пульсовым давлением. При ГБ-2 проявляются отрицательные связи PWR, LF, HF с пульсовым давлением. При ГБ-1 обнаружены положительные взаимосвязи между HR и гемодинамическими индексами HI1, RHI2 и отрицательная взаимосвязь с RHI3, а также между RMSSD и RHI3 и между HF и HI1/HI3. У пациенток ГБ-2 обнаружена отрицательная корреляция SDNN и RHI1, а также PWR и RHI1; положительные взаимосвязи между PWR и HI2, HI3, RHI2, HF и RHI3 и LF/HF с HI1/HI3; отрицательные связи HF c HI1/HI3 и с RHI1, а также между LF/HF и RHI3, CSI и RHI3. У больных ГБ-1 имеются прямые связи между SDNN, PWR, LF, HF, CVI и NEUR_HI1, что свидетельствует о действии этих факторов на эндотелиальный кровоток (HI1). В группе ГБ-2 установлено наличие лишь положительных связей между LF, HF и NEUR_HI3. У больных ГБ-1 на уровень АД влияют все без исключения осцилляторные ритмы, которые могут оказывать как отрицательное (с MAYER_HI1, PULSE_HI2), так и положительное (MAYER_HI2, RESP_HI3) влияние. У больных ГБ-2 взаимосвязи АД с осцилляторными индексами не обнаружены. Заключение. Уменьшение в группе ГБ-2 по сравнению с больными группы ГБ-1 числа факторов, влияющих на АД и гемодинамику, носит более совершенный и благоприятный характер, что и обеспечивает более быструю и устойчивую нормализацию артериального давления. Aim. To study the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure and hemodynamic functions in women with essential hypertension (EH) receiving a drug therapy alone (EH-1) or in combination with regular courses of kinesitherapy (EH-2). Methods. The study included 72 women with EH. The EH-1 group consisted of 37 women with stage II arterial hypertension. The EH-2 group consisted of 35 women with stage II arterial hypertension who underwent 3-4 1.5-month courses of kinesitherapy (controlled moderate physical activity) on a regular basis for 2-3 years. Hemodynamics was studied with a miniature Dynamic Light Scattering (mDLS) sensor from Elfi-Tech (Rehovot, Israel), which measures signals initiated by the skin blood flow by decomposing the signal into frequency components associated with different hemodynamic sources. Information on the RR interval variability was extracted from the pulse component of mDLS signal, and indicators of heart rate variability were calculated. A Hemodynamic Index (HI) was introduced. The HI dependence on shear rate was interpreted by matching each frequency band with a specific shear rate (HI1, low-frequency; HI2, intermediate; HI3, high-frequency). The following relative (RHI, Relative Hemodynamic Index) and oscillatory (OHI, Oscillatory Hemodynamic Indexes) indexes were used: neurological (NEUR), Mayer (MAYER), respiratory (RESP), and pulse (PULSE) ones. The HRV indexes included HR (Heart Rate), PWR (Power, total oscillation power), LF (Low Frequency), HF (High Frequency), SDNN (Standard Deviation of the Normal-to-Normal), RMSSD (Root Mean Square of the Successive Differences). CVI (Cardiac Vagal Index), and CSI (Cardiac Sympathetic Index). Results. In women who were on drug therapy alone (EH-1), negative relationships were found for LF and LF/HF with systolic, mean and pulse pressure. For EH-2, PWR, LF, and HF negatively correlated with pulse pressure. For EH-1, HR positively correlated with the hemodynamic indices HI1 and RHI2 and negatively correlated with RHI3; RMSSD negatively correlated with RHI3; and HF negatively correlated with HI1/HI3. For patients with EH-2, negative correlations were observed for SDNN and RHI1, PWR and RHI1; positive correlations were found between PWR and HI2; HI3, RHI2, HF and RHI3; and between LF/HF and HI1/HI3. HF negatively correlated with HI1/HI3 and with RHI1. LF/HF negatively correlated with RHI3, and CSI negatively correlated with RHI3. In patients with EH-1, SDNN, PWR, LF, HF, CVI, and NEUR_HI1 were directly related, which indicated an effect of these factors on the endothelial blood flow (HI1). In the EH-2 group, only positive correlations were found between LF, HF, and NEUR_HI3. In EH-1 patients, all oscillatory rhythms influenced BP; this influence could be both negative (for MAYER_HI1, PULSE_HI2) and positive (for MAYER_HI2, RESP_HI3). In EH-2 patients, no relationship was found between blood pressure and oscillatory indices. Conclusion. The smaller number of factors influencing blood pressure and hemodynamics in the EH-2 group compared to the EH-1 group was more beneficial and favorable, which ensured faster and steadier normalization of blood pressure.

“The immediate effect of neutral spinal compress on heart rate variability in hypertensive individuals”

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poornima Bansal ◽  
Sujatha Kannarpady Janardan ◽  
Prashanth Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Conventional Medicine ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Chronic Medical Condition ◽  
Clinical Trial Registry ◽  
And Shifts

Abstract Objectives Hypertension (HTN) is considered as chronic medical condition. Because of the increased complications associated with the conventional medicine, the effects of naturopathic modalities were emphasized to prevent and minimize those adverse effects. This study was done to assess the immediate effect of neutral spinal compress on heart rate variability and blood pressure and thereby to substantiate the clinical understanding of its effect in hypertensive individuals. Methods Hundred hypertensive individuals were recruited for the study. Subjects were assessed for Blood Pressure (BP) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) before and immediately after the intervention of 20 min. Results Result shows significant reduction in mean Heart Rate (HR) (p<0.001), Low Frequency (LF) (p<0.001), Low Frequency/High Frequency (LF/HF) (p<0.001), Systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p<0.001) and Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p<0.001) and significant increase in mean R-R interval (Mean RR) (p<0.001) and High frequency (HF) (p<0.001) components of Heart Rate Variability after neutral spinal compress intervention. Conclusions The results of the study reported that full neutral spinal compress reduces the sympathetic tone and shifts the Sympatho-vagal balance in favor of parasympathetic dominance and hence it can be concluded that neutral spinal compress can be effectively used in the management of hypertension. Trial registration Clinical Trial Registry- India (CTRI); CTRI Reg. No- CTRI/2020/01/022639.

Cardiovascular variability after arousal from sleep: time-varying spectral analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 1394-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Blasi ◽  
Javier Jo ◽  
Edwin Valladares ◽  
Barbara J. Morgan ◽  
James B. Skatrud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Respiratory Pattern ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
High Frequency Power ◽  
Low Frequency Power ◽  
Frequency Power

We performed time-varying spectral analyses of heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure variability (BPV) recorded from 16 normal humans during acoustically induced arousals from sleep. Time-varying autoregressive modeling was employed to estimate the time courses of high-frequency HRV power, low-frequency HRV power, the ratio between low-frequency and high-frequency HRV power, and low-frequency power of systolic BPV. To delineate the influence of respiration on HRV, we also computed respiratory airflow high-frequency power, the modified ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency HRV power, and the average transfer gain between respiration and heart rate. During cortical arousal, muscle sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate increased and returned rapidly to baseline, but systolic blood pressure, the ratio between low-frequency and high-frequency HRV power, low-frequency HRV power, the modified ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency HRV power, and low-frequency power of systolic BPV displayed increases that remained above baseline up to 40 s after arousal. High-frequency HRV power and airflow high-frequency power showed concommitant decreases to levels below baseline, whereas the average transfer gain between respiration and heart rate remained unchanged. These findings suggest that 1) arousal-induced changes in parasympathetic activity are strongly coupled to respiratory pattern and 2) the sympathoexcitatory cardiovascular effects of arousal are relatively long lasting and may accumulate if repetitive arousals occur in close succession.

Frequency-dependent baroreflex modulation of blood pressure and heart rate variability in conscious mice

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (5) ◽  
pp. H1968-H1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubens Fazan ◽  
Mauro de Oliveira ◽  
Valdo José Dias da Silva ◽  
Luis Fernando Joaquim ◽  
Nicola Montano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Systolic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Pulse Interval ◽  
Sham Surgery ◽  
Cardiac Receptors

The goal of this study was to determine the baroreflex influence on systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and pulse interval (PI) variability in conscious mice. SAP and PI were measured in C57Bl/6J mice subjected to sinoaortic deafferentation (SAD, n = 21) or sham surgery ( n = 20). Average SAP and PI did not differ in SAD or control mice. In contrast, SAP variance was enhanced (21 ± 4 vs. 9.5 ± 1 mmHg2) and PI variance reduced (8.8 ± 2 vs. 26 ± 6 ms2) in SAD vs. control mice. High-frequency (HF: 1–5 Hz) SAP variability quantified by spectral analysis was greater in SAD (8.5 ± 2.0 mmHg2) compared with control (2.5 ± 0.2 mmHg2) mice, whereas low-frequency (LF: 0.1–1 Hz) SAP variability did not differ between the groups. Conversely, LF PI variability was markedly reduced in SAD mice (0.5 ± 0.1 vs. 10.8 ± 3.4 ms2). LF oscillations in SAP and PI were coherent in control mice (coherence = 0.68 ± 0.05), with changes in SAP leading changes in PI (phase = −1.41 ± 0.06 radians), but were not coherent in SAD mice (coherence = 0.08 ± 0.03). Blockade of parasympathetic drive with atropine decreased average PI, PI variance, and LF and HF PI variability in control ( n = 10) but had no effect in SAD ( n = 6) mice. In control mice, blockade of sympathetic cardiac receptors with propranolol increased average PI and decreased PI variance and LF PI variability ( n = 6). In SAD mice, propranolol increased average PI ( n = 6). In conclusion, baroreflex modulation of PI contributes to LF, but not HF PI variability, and is mediated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic drives in conscious mice.

Differential Effects of Propofol and Sevoflurane on Heart Rate Variability

2003 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriaki Kanaya ◽  
Naoyuki Hirata ◽  
Saori Kurosawa ◽  
Masayasu Nakayama ◽  
Akiyoshi Namiki
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Maximum Entropy Method ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Parasympathetic Tone

Background Propofol is reported to reduce both sympathetic and parasympathetic tone; however, it is not clear whether the changes in heart rate variability are associated with depth of anesthesia. The purposes of the present study were (1) to evaluate the changes in heart rate variability at different depths of hypnosis and (2) to compare the effects of propofol on heart rate variability with that of sevoflurane. Methods Thirty patients were randomly allocated into the propofol or sevoflurane for induction of anesthesia. The depth of hypnosis was monitored by the Bispectral Index (BIS). Spectral analysis of heart rate variability using a maximum-entropy method resulted in a characteristic power spectrum with two main regions, a high frequency (HF) and a low frequency (LF). Hemodynamics, entropy, LF, HF, and LF/HF were monitored when the patients were awake and after induction of anesthesia. Results Both propofol and sevoflurane decreased blood pressure in a BIS-dependent manner, whereas heart rate showed no significant changes during the study period. In the propofol group, entropy and HF decreased with a reduction in the BIS value. Although LF decreased after induction of anesthesia, propofol caused no further decrease in LF in spite of a reduction in the BIS value. In the sevoflurane group, LF decreased with a reduction in the BIS value. Entropy and HF decreased after induction of anesthesia (BIS at 80); however, no further decreases were observed in spite of a reduction in the BIS value. Conclusions Induction of anesthesia with propofol decreased blood pressure, entropy, and HF in a BIS-dependent manner, indicating that propofol reduces cardiac parasympathetic tone depending on the depth of hypnosis. Conversely, sevoflurane did not show the BIS-dependent decreases in heart rate, blood pressure, HF, and entropy, indicating that sevoflurane has little or no effect on cardiac parasympathetic tone.

scholarly journals early diagnosis of the hemodynamic regulation disorders in orthostasis

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Мартынов ◽  
Ilya Martynov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Orthostatic Test ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
High Frequency Oscillations ◽  
Low Frequency Oscillations ◽  
Vasomotor Regulation ◽  
Informative Content

The article deals with the informative content of spectral analysis of heart rate variability in the assessment of the regulatory impacts on the systemic hemodynamics during orthostatic test. It was observed that the patients who suffer from neurogenic syncope already at a young age had had a decrease in low frequency oscillations, as well as a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance during the test. It allows us to make a conclusion about the sympathetic vasomotor regulation dysfunction, even before the symptoms of orthostatic hypotension were evident. The decrease in the tonic vagal effect which follows from the depression of high-frequency oscillations, makes for increasing the chronotropic function of the heart and keeps a relative sympathetic predominance in order to maintain adequate level of blood pressure

Effect of hot arm and foot bath on heart rate variability and blood pressure in healthy volunteers

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samruddhi Chintaman Vyas ◽  
A. Mooventhan ◽  
N. K. Manjunath
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Instantaneous Heart Rate ◽  
The Mean

AbstractBackgroundThough hot arm and foot bath (HAFB) is widely used, a precise physiological response is not reported. Hence, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of HAFB on heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure (BP) in healthy volunteers.Materials and MethodsSixteen healthy male volunteers’ aged 23.81 ± 5.27 (mean ± standard deviation) years were recruited. All the subjects underwent only one session of HAFB (104-degree Fahrenheit) for the duration of 20 min. Assessments such as Electrocardiography and BP were taken before and after the intervention.ResultsResults of this study showed a significant reduction in systolic-BP (SBP), diastolic-BP (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), the mean of the intervals between adjacent QRS complexes or the instantaneous heart rate (RR interval), the number of interval differences of successive NN intervals greater than 50 ms (NN50), the proportion derived by dividing NN50 by the total number of NN intervals (pNN50), and high frequency (HF) band of HRV along with a significant increase in heart rate (HR), low-frequency (LF) band of HRV and LF/HF ratio compared to its baseline.ConclusionsResults of this study suggest that 20 min of HAFB produce a significant increase in HR and a significant reduction in SBP, DBP, and MAP while producing parasympathetic withdrawal.

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