Variable-Length Unit Selection in TTS Using Structural Syntactic Cost

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1227-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Hsien Wu ◽  
Chi-Chun Hsia ◽  
Jiun-Fu Chen ◽  
Jhing-Fa Wang
Keyword(s):  
Variable Length ◽  
Unit Selection ◽  
Length Unit

Ribosomal DNA studies in poplars: Populus deltoides, P. nigra, P. trichocarpa, P. maximowiczii, and P. alba

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 733-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Faivre-Rampant ◽  
S. Jeandroz ◽  
F. Lefevre ◽  
M. Lemoine ◽  
M. Villar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Variable Length ◽  
Nuclear Rdna ◽  
Hindiii Site ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Length Unit ◽  
Rdna Unit ◽  
Length Variant

The nuclear rDNA physical maps of Populus nigra, P. deltoides, P. trichocarpa, P. maximowiczii, and P. alba have been built up for the restriction enzymes EcoRI, EcoRV, BamHI, PstI, and SacI. There is no HindIII site. A large variability appeared between the species in the intergenic spacer mainly for EcoRI and PstI. For several clones of each species two to three major unit types coexist in the genome, while several minor units as well as length variant units or new unit types have been found. The variability between the species is due to different major unit types, while the variability between clones in one species is due to the minor unit types. Every species carries several rDNA unit types either different in size (variable length unit) or variable in restriction sites (variable unit types). Four thousands copies of rDNA units were found in P. nigra, P. deltoides, and P. maximowiczii. The clones belonging to the same species carry the same major unit types but are different in their minor variable length units or minor unit types. The hybrid clones carry the sum of the major unit types of the two parental species. These facts suggested the existence of three rDNA loci. The combination of one enzyme EcoRI and one probe (flax entire rDNA unit) allowed to easily recognize each of the five species. Conversely, we detected the presence of rDNA fragments characteristic to P. deltoides in some clones belonging to P. nigra. We conclude that these clones are likely to have a hybridization in their stands but without observable phenotypic consequences. This technique will be used to verify the purity of each P. nigra candidate clone before exploiting it in a breeding or propagation program.Key words: Populus, nuclear rDNA, intergenic spacer variation, introgression.

Performance enhancement of Echo Cancellation Using a Combination of Partial Update ( PU) Methods and New Variable Length LMS (NVLLMS) Algorithm

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Thamer M. Jamel ◽  
Faez Fawzi Hammood
Keyword(s):  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Variable Length ◽  
Echo Cancellation ◽  
Convergence Time ◽  
Length Variation ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Step Size ◽  
Echo Return Loss Enhancement

In this paper, several combination algorithms between Partial Update LMS (PU LMS) methods and previously proposed algorithm (New Variable Length LMS (NVLLMS)) have been developed. Then, the new sets of proposed algorithms were applied to an Acoustic Echo Cancellation system (AEC) in order to decrease the filter coefficients, decrease the convergence time, and enhance its performance in terms of Mean Square Error (MSE) and Echo Return Loss Enhancement (ERLE). These proposed algorithms will use the Echo Return Loss Enhancement (ERLE) to control the operation of filter's coefficient length variation. In addition, the time-varying step size is used.The total number of coefficients required was reduced by about 18% , 10% , 6%, and 16% using Periodic, Sequential, Stochastic, and M-max PU NVLLMS algorithms respectively, compared to that used by a full update method which  is very important, especially in the application of mobile communication since the power consumption must be considered. In addition, the average ERLE and average Mean Square Error (MSE) for M-max PU NVLLMS are better than other proposed algorithms.  

A Test Data Compression Scheme Based on Mixed Fixed and Variable Length Coding

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1826-1834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Fa ZHAN ◽  
Hua-Guo LIANG ◽  
Feng SHI ◽  
Zheng-Feng HUANG
Keyword(s):  
Data Compression ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Variable Length ◽  
Test Data Compression ◽  
Compression Scheme ◽  
Variable Length Coding
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