Effective Translation Models for Heterogeneous Schemas of Visual Descriptions

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjin Kwon ◽  
Jinyoung Moon ◽  
Kyuchang Kang ◽  
Jongyoul Park
Keyword(s):  
Effective Translation

Can housing rights be applied to modern housing systems?

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padraic Kenna
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Epistemic Communities ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Housing Rights ◽  
The World ◽  
Effective Translation

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to outline and examine the growing corpus of housing rights and assess their relevance and applicability to complex contemporary housing systems across the world.Design/methodology/approachThe paper sets out the principal instruments and commentaries on housing rights developed by the United Nations, regional and other bodies. It assesses their relevance in the context of contemporary analysis of housing systems, organized and directed by networks of legal and other professionals within particular domains.FindingsHousing rights instruments are accepted by all States across the world at the level of international law, national constitutions and laws. The findings suggest that there are significant gaps in the international law conception and framework of housing rights, and indeed, human rights generally, which create major obstacles for the effective implementation of these rights. There is a preoccupation with one element of housing systems, that of subsidized or social housing. However, effective housing rights implementation requires application at meso‐, micro‐ and macro‐levels of modern, dynamic housing systems as a whole. Epistemic communities of professionals develop and shape housing law and policy within these domains. The housing rights paradigm must be further fashioned for effective translation into contemporary housing systems.Research limitations/implicationsThe development of housing rights precedents, both within international and national law, is leading to a wide and diffuse corpus of legislation and case law. More research is needed on specific examples of effective coupling between housing rights and elements of housing systems.Originality/valueThis paper offers housing policy makers and lawyers an avenue into the extensive jurisprudence and writings on housing rights, which will inevitably become part of the lexicon of housing law across the world. It also highlights the limitations of housing rights implementation, but offers some new perspectives on more effective application of these rights.

scholarly journals Translating Buzzati:  Domesticating and Foreignising Strategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Niall Harland Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Italian Author ◽  
Effective Translation ◽  
Dino Buzzati

<p>Methodologies within Modern Translation Studies are often broadly defined by two seemingly polarised ideologies: foreignisation and domestication. Current theory tends to favour foreignising translations which has led to a marginalisation of domestication as a viable and valid approach. This thesis is an examination of domestication as a still-legitimate approach in the field of translation. The project consists of original translations of four short stories by noted Italian author Dino Buzzati, which together with commentaries provide a practical platform on which to analyse the characteristics and advantages of the approach. Additionally, building on these examples is a more general discussion of these two approaches, an examination of their respective strengths and weaknesses and an evaluation of domestication as a methodology that can still offer advantages in effective translation.</p>

Figures of Speech in the Translation of Audiovisual Advertisements

2019 ◽  
pp. 162-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolita Horbačauskienė ◽  
Ramunė Kasperavičienė
Keyword(s):  
International Marketing ◽  
Adaptation Level ◽  
Intended Audience ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Country Size ◽  
Figures Of Speech ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Contextual Associations ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Effective Translation

Effective translation of figures of speech in persuasive texts is crucial but complicated. Different cultural worldviews may sometimes cause misunderstandings due to vagueness in language, which otherwise may be comprehended through context or contextual associations. This study will address the following research questions: which figures of speech are the most common in advertising discourse; which translation techniques and procedures are used to render the various figures of speech in small and large sized target countries; is there a relation between country size, as measured by population, and the adaptation level of international marketing campaigns to the intended audience. The authors of the study hypothesise that international advertising campaigns are adapted through translation to a lesser degree in small sized target countries and vice versa, in large sized countries. The findings of the current study show that most probably there are other factors affecting the choice of translation techniques in audiovisual advertisements.

scholarly journals Translational research in agriculture. Can we do it better?

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Passioura
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Translational Research ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Peer Review System ◽  
Review System ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
Common Term ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Effective Translation

‘Translational research’ became an increasingly common term when it was realised that much agriculturally inspired basic research failed to contribute to the improvement of crops. Most of the failure has come from laboratory-based attempts to ameliorate abiotic stresses. Dealing with biotic stress has been much more successful; the control of pests and weeds is often enabled by transforming crops with single genes, for such genes have little or no influence on a crop’s metabolism. By contrast, abiotic stress varies with the weather; i.e. crops respond systemically, over a range of levels of organisation (e.g. cells, tissues, organs), with many feedbacks and feedforwards. Drought is the most pervasive form of abiotic stress. There are 4600 papers that have searched, ineffectively, for ‘drought resistance’, a term that usually defies useful definition. By contrast, dealing with a measured, limited water supply (e.g. seasonal rainfall), rather than with ‘drought’, has effectively increased water-limited yield through agronomic innovation based on improving water-use efficiency. ‘Salt tolerance’ has similar difficulties; nevertheless, physiological knowledge has revealed effective single genes, in contrast to the failures of empirical gene prospecting. Another important goal has been to increase potential crop yield by exploring mechanistic opportunities to improve photosynthetic efficiency. These attempts have not, so far, succeeded, perhaps because they have rarely broached physiological responses beyond carbon balance, such as metabolic responses to environmental challenges that may affect meristematic development. A major reason for the predominant failure of translational research from laboratory to field is that the peer-review system is too narrow; i.e. reviewers have the same backgrounds as the authors. Effective translation will require the addition of reviewers who can assess the pathway from laboratory to field.

World dementia

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 264-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suvarna Alladi ◽  
Vladimir Hachinski
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Dementia Research ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Effective Translation

ObjectiveTo highlight the broad global diversity in the diagnosis, management, and research of dementia in different regions of the world.MethodsA critical review of the limited literature from the global South compared with advances that have emerged from key studies in the West and observations from the authors' experiences.ResultsThe last several decades have witnessed major advances in dementia research and include an understanding of epidemiologic trends in the global burden of disease, the development of biomarkers for Alzheimer disease, the identification of novel therapeutic targets, and the recognition of the role of protective life-course experiential factors. For the effective translation of these research advances into societies, a “world approach” to dementia is vital. Developing societies substantially differ from Western countries in their attitudes toward dementia, as well as their clinical manifestations and risk factor profiles, marked by lower education and socioeconomic status, a higher cardiovascular disease burden, and genetic variability. Emerging evidence emphasizes the interaction among ethnicity, genetics, epigenetics, environment, culture, and neurobiology in influencing manifestations of dementia. Therefore, the investigation of dementia in diverse settings, including a more global perspective, is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the condition as well as the identification of novel solutions.ConclusionsA world approach to dementia provides an opportunity to understand, manage, coordinate, and begin to prevent dementia through an integrated approach based on firm scientific evidence.

scholarly journals An Integrative, Systematic Review Exploring the Research, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance of Interventions to Reduce Sedentary Behaviour in Office Workers

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley MacDonald ◽  
Xanne Janssen ◽  
Alison Kirk ◽  
Mhairi Patience ◽  
Ann-Marie Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Published Research ◽  
Significant Health ◽  
Effective Translation

Sedentary behaviour is associated with poor health outcomes, and office-based workers are at significant health risk, as they accumulate large proportions of their overall sitting time at work. The aim of this integrated systematic review was to collate and synthesize published research on sedentary behaviour interventions in the workplace that have reported on at least one an aspect of the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. Studies were included if they involved adult office workers, were conducted in an office setting, and changes in sedentary behaviour had been measured as a primary outcome. Five electronic databases were searched yielding 7234 articles, with 75 articles (61 individual interventions) meeting the inclusion criteria. Reach indicators were the most frequently reported RE-AIM dimensions, which were reported on average 59% of the time. Efficacy/effectiveness was the second most reported dimension at 49% reporting across all of the indicators. Implementation indicators were reported an average of 44% of the time, with indicators of adoption and maintenance reported as the lowest of all indicators at 13% and 8%, respectively. Recommendations are provided to improve reporting across all RE-AIM dimensions, which is an important first step to enable the effective translation of interventions into real world settings.

scholarly journals Triazole-containing monophosphate mRNA cap analogs as effective translation inhibitors

RNA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1539-1547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Piecyk ◽  
Maciej Lukaszewicz ◽  
Edward Darzynkiewicz ◽  
Marzena Jankowska-Anyszka
Keyword(s):  
Effective Translation

The Illocutionary Act in Translating Chinese Legislative Texts

Babel ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-253
Author(s):  
Deborah Cao
Keyword(s):  
Illocutionary Force ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Language Competence ◽  
Modal Verbs ◽  
Illocutionary Act ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
Present Tense ◽  
High Level ◽  
Effective Translation

Abstract In this paper one of the prominent linguistic features of legal texts, the illocutionary force, is discussed through the examination of legal performatives found in Chinese legistation and their translation into English. This paper identifies some of the characteristics of illocutionary force in Chinese legislation. An analysis of Chinese legislation has identified five types of performative verbs: (a) verbs preceded by bixu/xu (must or shall); (b) verbs preceded by yingdang/yinggai/ying (should or ought to); (c) verbs in the present tense without any modal verbs: zero performative; (d) verbs preceded by keyi (may); and (e) verbs precede by bude (must not, or shall not). The article argues that illocutionary force is a paramount consideration for legal translators and that effective translation of legislative texts depends upon a high level of translational language competence including illocutionary competence. Résumé Dans cet article, l'un des éléments saillants des textes juridiques, la force illocutionaire, est discutée en examinant les verbes performatifs juridiques trouvés dans la législation chinoise et leur traduction en langue anglaise. L'article identifie quelques caractéristiques de la force illocutionaire dans la législation chinoise. L'analyse de la législation chinoise a permis de reconnaître cinq types de verbes performatifs: (a) les verbes précédés de bixu/xu, ce qui équivaut à l'auxiliaire (must or shall), c'est-à-dire deux formes du verbe 'devoir'; (b) les verbes précédés de yingdang/yinggai/ying (should or ought to), c'est-à-dire forme conditionnelle ou impérative du verbe; (c) les verbes à l'indicatif présent sans aucuns verbes de modalité; verbes performatifs (zéro); (d) les verbes précédés de keyi (may, soit verbe auxiliaire modale); et (e) les verbes précédés de bude (must not or shall not), c'est-à-dire auxiliaires impératifs négatifs. L'article soutient que la force illocutionaire forme un élément majeur pour les traducteurs de textes juridiques et que la traduction même de textes juridiques repose sur une compétence très élevée du langage traductionnel et, en ce comprise la compétence illocutionaire.

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