Mechanisms for disturbed motor coordination in stroke: an analysis of voluntary movement trajectories

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.Z. Rymer ◽  
R. Beer
Keyword(s):  
Voluntary Movement ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Movement Trajectories

scholarly journals Evidence for Multisensory Spatial-to-Motor Transformations in Aiming Movements of Children

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley R. King ◽  
Florian A. Kagerer ◽  
Jose L. Contreras-Vidal ◽  
Jane E. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Visuomotor Rotation ◽  
Visuomotor Coordination ◽  
Aiming Movements ◽  
Movement Trajectories ◽  
Acoustic Stimuli ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Before And After

The extant developmental literature investigating age-related differences in the execution of aiming movements has predominantly focused on visuomotor coordination, despite the fact that additional sensory modalities, such as audition and somatosensation, may contribute to motor planning, execution, and learning. The current study investigated the execution of aiming movements toward both visual and acoustic stimuli. In addition, we examined the interaction between visuomotor and auditory-motor coordination as 5- to 10-yr-old participants executed aiming movements to visual and acoustic stimuli before and after exposure to a visuomotor rotation. Children in all age groups demonstrated significant improvement in performance under the visuomotor perturbation, as indicated by decreased initial directional and root mean squared errors. Moreover, children in all age groups demonstrated significant visual aftereffects during the postexposure phase, suggesting a successful update of their spatial-to-motor transformations. Interestingly, these updated spatial-to-motor transformations also influenced auditory-motor performance, as indicated by distorted movement trajectories during the auditory postexposure phase. The distorted trajectories were present during auditory postexposure even though the auditory-motor relationship was not manipulated. Results suggest that by the age of 5 yr, children have developed a multisensory spatial-to-motor transformation for the execution of aiming movements toward both visual and acoustic targets.

scholarly journals Restoration of bilateral motor coordination from preserved agonist-antagonist coupling in amputation musculature

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Shu ◽  
Shan Shan Huang ◽  
Christopher Shallal ◽  
Hugh M. Herr
Keyword(s):  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Modeling And Optimization ◽  
Movement Trajectories ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Neuroprosthetic Devices ◽  
Smirnov Test

Abstract Background Neuroprosthetic devices controlled by persons with standard limb amputation often lack the dexterity of the physiological limb due to limitations of both the user’s ability to output accurate control signals and the control system’s ability to formulate dynamic trajectories from those signals. To restore full limb functionality to persons with amputation, it is necessary to first deduce and quantify the motor performance of the missing limbs, then meet these performance requirements through direct, volitional control of neuroprosthetic devices. Methods We develop a neuromuscular modeling and optimization paradigm for the agonist-antagonist myoneural interface, a novel tissue architecture and neural interface for the control of myoelectric prostheses, that enables it to generate virtual joint trajectories coordinated with an intact biological joint at full physiologically-relevant movement bandwidth. In this investigation, a baseline of performance is first established in a population of non-amputee control subjects ($$n = 8$$ n = 8 ). Then, a neuromuscular modeling and optimization technique is advanced that allows unilateral AMI amputation subjects ($$n = 5$$ n = 5 ) and standard amputation subjects ($$n = 4$$ n = 4 ) to generate virtual subtalar prosthetic joint kinematics using measured surface electromyography (sEMG) signals generated by musculature within the affected leg residuum. Results Using their optimized neuromuscular subtalar models under blindfolded conditions with only proprioceptive feedback, AMI amputation subjects demonstrate bilateral subtalar coordination accuracy not significantly different from that of the non-amputee control group (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, $$P \ge 0.052$$ P ≥ 0.052 ) while standard amputation subjects demonstrate significantly poorer performance (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, $$P < 0.001$$ P < 0.001 ). Conclusions These results suggest that the absence of an intact biological joint does not necessarily remove the ability to produce neurophysical signals with sufficient information to reconstruct physiological movements. Further, the seamless manner in which virtual and intact biological joints are shown to coordinate reinforces the theory that desired movement trajectories are mentally formulated in an abstract task space which does not depend on physical limb configurations.

scholarly journals Visualization of mandibular movement relative to the maxilla during mastication in mice: integration of kinematic analysis and reconstruction of a three-dimensional model of the maxillofacial structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Go Yasuda ◽  
Emi Moriuchi ◽  
Ryo Hamanaka ◽  
Ayumi Fujishita ◽  
Tomoko Yoshimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Masticatory Muscles ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Movement Trajectories ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Mandibular Movements

Abstract Background Mastication is one of the most fundamental functions for the conservation of human life. To clarify the pathogenetic mechanism of various oral dysfunctions, the demand for devices for evaluating stomatognathic function has been increasing. The aim of the present study was to develop a system to reconstruct and visualize 3-dimensional (3D) mandibular movements relative to the maxilla, including dynamic transition of occlusal contacts between the upper and lower dentitions during mastication in mice. Methods First, mandibular movements with six degrees of freedom were measured using a motion capture system comprising two high-speed cameras and four reflective markers. Second, 3D models of maxillofacial structure were reconstructed from micro-computed tomography images. Movement trajectories of anatomical landmark points on the mandible were then reproduced by integrating the kinematic data of mandibular movements with the anatomical data of maxillofacial structures. Lastly, 3D surface images of the upper dentition with the surrounding maxillofacial structures were transferred to each of the motion capture images to reproduce mandibular movements relative to the maxilla. We also performed electromyography (EMG) of masticatory muscles associated with mandibular movements. Results The developed system could reproduce the 3D movement trajectories of arbitrary points on the mandible, such as incisor, molars and condylar points with high accuracy and could visualize dynamic transitions of occlusal contacts between upper and lower teeth associated with mandibular movements. Conclusions The proposed system has potential to elucidate the mechanisms underlying motor coordination of masticatory muscles and to clarify their roles during mastication by taking advantage of the capability to record EMG data synchronously with mandibular movements. Such insights will enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis and diagnosis of oral motor disorders by allowing comparisons between normal mice and genetically modified mice with oral behavioral dysfunctions.

Physical exercise protects dynamic balance and motor coordination of rats treated with vincristine

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Luiza Minato Sagrillo ◽  
Viviane Nogueira De Zorzi ◽  
Luiz Fernando Freire Royes ◽  
Michele Rechia Fighera ◽  
Beatriz Da Silva Rosa Bonadiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Stress Damage ◽  
Training Protocol

Physical exercise has been shown to be an important modulator of the antioxidant system and neuroprotective in several diseases and treatments that affect the central nervous system. In this sense, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of physical exercise in dynamic balance, motor coordination, exploratory locomotor activity and in the oxidative and immunological balance of rats treated with vincristine (VCR). For that, 40 adult rats were divided into two groups: exercise group (6 weeks of swimming, 1h/day, 5 days/week, with overload of 5% of body weight) and sedentary group. After training, rats were treated with 0.5 mg/kg of vincristine sulfate for two weeks or with the same dose of 0.9% NaCl. The behavioral tests were conducted 1 and 7 days after each dose of VCR. On day 15 we carried out the biochemical analyzes of the cerebellum. The physical exercise was able to protect against the loss of dynamic balance and motor coordination and, had effect per se in the exploratory locomotor activity, and neutralize oxidative stress, damage DNA and immune damage caused by VCR up to 15 days after the end of the training protocol. In conclusion, we observed that previous physical training protects of the damage motor induced by vincristine.Key-words: exercise, oxidative stress, neuroprotection, cerebellum.

Motor Coordination and Reactivity Influenced by Mental Training in Alpine Skiing

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlad Teodor Grosu ◽  
Emilia Florina Grosu ◽  
Cristina Elena Moraru
Keyword(s):  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Alpine Skiing ◽  
Mental Training
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