scholarly journals Plasma-based studies with intense X-ray and particle beam sources

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. LEE ◽  
H.A. BALDIS ◽  
R.C. CAUBLE ◽  
O.L. LANDEN ◽  
J.S. WARK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Pulse ◽  
Dense Matter ◽  
Particle Beam ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Warm Dense Matter ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dense Plasmas ◽  
State Densities ◽  
Nonideal Plasmas

The construction of short pulse (<200 fs) tunable X-ray laser sources based on the X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) concept will be a watershed for plasma-based and warm dense matter research. These new fourth generation light sources will have extremely high fields and short wavelengths (∼0.1 nm) with peak spectral brightnesses 1010 greater than third generation sources. Further, the high intensity upgrade of the GSI accelerator facilities will lead to specific energy depositions up to 200 kJ/g and temperatures between 1 and 10 eV at almost solid-state densities, enabling interesting experiments in the regime of nonideal plasmas, such as the evolution of intense ion beams in the interior of a Jovian planet. Below we discuss several applications: the creation of warm dense matter (WDM) research, probing of near solid density plasmas, and laser–plasma spectroscopy of ions in plasmas. The study of dense plasmas has been severely hampered by the fact that laser-based methods have been unavailable and these new fourth generation sources will remove these restrictions.

scholarly journals Soft and Hard X-ray SASE Free Electron Lasers

2010 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 93-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siegfried Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Free Electron ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Free Electron Lasers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The World ◽  
Scientific Fields ◽  
Vast Range

In the last couple of years, free electron lasers (FELs) have been a remarkable success as fourth generation light sources all over the world. Operating in the SASE mode, they produce laser-like radiation in a broad wavelength range. Especially in the soft and hard X-ray ranges, these light sources open unique and completely new fields in physics and allow a vast range of applications in most scientific fields. This article gives an overview of the principles of FELs and the SASE process, discusses technological challenges and solutions, and presents an outlook for future developments.

High Performance Electron Injectors

2010 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 221-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Ferrario ◽  
Tsumoru Shintake
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Pulse Shaping ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Wake Field ◽  
Current Electron ◽  
Laser Pulse Shaping

Fourth generation light sources based on high gain free electron lasers require production, acceleration and transport up to the undulator entrance of high brightness (low emittance, high peak current) electron bunches. Wake field effects in accelerating sections and in magnetic bunch compressors typically contribute to emittance degradation, and hence the design of the injector and its operation constitute the leading edge for high quality beam production and for the success of the future light sources. RF and DC guns, cathode materials, laser pulse shaping and sub-picosecond synchronization systems are evolving toward a mature technology to produce high quality and stable beams. Nevertheless, reduction of thermal emittance, damping of emittance oscillations and bunch compression are still the main issues and challenges for injector designs. With the advent of energy recovery linacs, superconducting RF guns have been also considered in many new projects as a possible electron source operating in CW mode. An overview of recent advancements and future perspectives of high performance electron injectors are presented in this article.

Design of an X-ray undulator: optimization considerations for SASE operation

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (11) ◽  
pp. 1177-1181
Author(s):  
Bora Ketenoglu ◽  
Ayhan Aydin ◽  
Omer Yavas
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Radiation Characteristics ◽  
Short Pulses ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Novel Technology ◽  
Saturation Power ◽  
World Class

Accelerator-based fourth-generation light sources, namely, free-electron lasers (FELs), offer unique radiation characteristics, such as tunable, coherent, high-power, ultra-short pulses. They rely on novel technology with challenging parameters, from which the practicability is currently being proved by world-class facilities like the European XFEL, LCLS, FLASH, and SACLA. When contriving such superior light characteristics, “state-of-the-art” linear accelerator (linac) and undulator technologies come into prominence. In this respect, design and simulation studies for a planar X-ray undulator are considered to optimize the FEL generation process by self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE). Three main performance parameters for SASE operation (i.e., 1D gain length, saturation power, and saturation length) are compared and discussed by means of numerical calculations and simulation results. It is shown that hard X-ray FEL pulses (down to sub-angstroms) are generable via in-vacuum hybrid undulators driven by an 8 GeV electron linac.

Lattice design challenges for fourth-generation storage-ring light sources

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 912-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Borland ◽  
Glenn Decker ◽  
Louis Emery ◽  
Vadim Sajaev ◽  
Yipeng Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Ring ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
The World ◽  
Beam Lifetime ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Design Challenges ◽  
Low Emittance

Third-generation low-emittance storage-ring light sources based on double- and triple-bend cells and undulator magnets have been in operation around the world for more than two decades. On the horizon is a new generation based on the multi-bend achromat (MBA) lattice concept promising two to three orders of magnitude higher brightness than is available in today's sources. In this paper, the challenges inherent in designing MBA lattices, as well as potential solutions, are described. Topics covered include lattice concepts, scaling of storage-ring performance, brightness optimization, nonlinear dynamics, beam lifetime and injection schemes.

scholarly journals EuCARD 2010 Accelerator Technology in Europe

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-488
Author(s):  
Ryszard Romaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Particle Beam ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Electronic Measurement ◽  
Rf Gun ◽  
Accelerator Technology

EuCARD 2010 Accelerator Technology in EuropeAccelerators are basic tools of the experimental physics of elementary particles, nuclear physics, light sources of the fourth generation. They are also used in myriad other applications in research, industry and medicine. For example, there are intensely developed transmutation techniques for nuclear waste from nuclear power and atomic industries. The European Union invests in the development of accelerator infrastructures inside the framework programs to build the European Research Area. The aim is to build new infrastructure, develop the existing, and generally make the infrastructure available to competent users. The paper summarizes the first year of activities of the EU FP7 Project Capacities EuCARD - European Coordination of Accelerator R&D. Several teams from this country participate actively in this project. The contribution from Polish research teams concerns: photonic and electronic measurement - control systems, RF-gun co-design, thin-film superconducting technology, superconducting transport infrastructures, photon and particle beam measurements and control.

scholarly journals Microsecond hydrodynamic interactions in dense colloidal dispersions probed at the European XFEL

IUCrJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Dallari ◽  
Avni Jain ◽  
Marcin Sikorski ◽  
Johannes Möller ◽  
Richard Bean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Matter ◽  
Diffusion Constant ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Photon Density ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Pixel Detector ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scattering Volume

Many soft-matter systems are composed of macromolecules or nanoparticles suspended in water. The characteristic times at intrinsic length scales of a few nanometres fall therefore in the microsecond and sub-microsecond time regimes. With the development of free-electron lasers (FELs) and fourth-generation synchrotron light-sources, time-resolved experiments in such time and length ranges will become routinely accessible in the near future. In the present work we report our findings on prototypical soft-matter systems, composed of charge-stabilized silica nanoparticles dispersed in water, with radii between 12 and 15 nm and volume fractions between 0.005 and 0.2. The sample dynamics were probed by means of X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, employing the megahertz pulse repetition rate of the European XFEL and the Adaptive Gain Integrating Pixel Detector. We show that it is possible to correctly identify the dynamical properties that determine the diffusion constant, both for stationary samples and for systems driven by XFEL pulses. Remarkably, despite the high photon density the only observable induced effect is the heating of the scattering volume, meaning that all other X-ray induced effects do not influence the structure and the dynamics on the probed timescales. This work also illustrates the potential to control such induced heating and it can be predicted with thermodynamic models.

scholarly journals Optics, Diagnostics and Applications for Fourth-Generation Light Sources

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Wootton ◽  
T Barbee ◽  
R Bionta ◽  
H Chapman ◽  
T Ditmire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Light Sources

Elliptical plasma-filled waveguide as a new standard short-period undulator

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansour Hadad ◽  
Sirous Yousefnejad ◽  
Farhad Saeidi ◽  
Javad Rahighi ◽  
Babak Shokri
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Microwave Frequency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Elliptical Cross Section ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Elliptical Cross ◽  
Short Period

Undulators as the sources of high-brilliance synchrotron radiation are of widespread interest in new generations of light sources and free-electron lasers. Microwave propagation in a plasma-filled elliptical waveguide can be studied as a standard short-period undulator. This structure as a lucrative insertion device can be installed in the storage ring of third- and fourth-generation light sources to produce high-energy and high-brilliance synchrotron radiation. In this article, the propagation of the transverse electric modes in a plasma-filled waveguide with an elliptical cross-section is investigated, and the field components, the cut-off frequencies and the electron beam trajectory are calculated. With due consideration of the electron beam dynamics and in order to achieve a standard short-period undulator, parameters such as the dimensions of the waveguide elliptical cross-section, the microwave frequency and the plasma density are calculated.

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