Location-Aware Routing Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Networks

OCEANS 2006 ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Carlson ◽  
Pierre-philippe Beaujean ◽  
Edgar An
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Underwater Acoustic ◽  
Location Aware ◽  
Acoustic Networks ◽  
Underwater Acoustic Networks

scholarly journals Shortest Path Routing Protocol Based on the Vertical Angle for Underwater Acoustic Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiju Li ◽  
Xiujuan Du ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Chong Li
Keyword(s):  
Shortest Path ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Link Quality ◽  
Vertical Angle ◽  
Underwater Acoustic ◽  
Shortest Path Routing ◽  
Depth Direction ◽  
Acoustic Networks ◽  
Underwater Acoustic Networks

Underwater Acoustic Networks (UANs) use acoustic communication. UANs are characterized by narrow bandwidth, long delay, limited energy, high bit error rate, and dynamic network topology. Therefore, UANs call for energy-efficient and latency-minimized routing protocol. In this paper, the shortest path routing protocol based on the vertical angle (SPRVA) is proposed. In SPRVA, the forwarding node determines the best next-hop according to main priority. When the main priorities of candidate nodes are the same, the alternative priority is used. The main priority is denoted by the residual energy and angle between propagation direction and depth direction, and the alternative priority is indicated by the link quality. SPRVA selects the node along the depth direction with more residual energy and better link quality as the best next-hop. In addition, a recovery algorithm is designed to avoid nodes in void areas as forwarding nodes. Simulation results show that SPRVA improves energy efficiency and decreases end-to-end communication delay.

scholarly journals Location-Aware Source Routing Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Networks of AUVs

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward A. Carlson ◽  
Pierre-Philippe J. Beaujean ◽  
Edgar An
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicles ◽  
Underwater Acoustic ◽  
Shortest Path Routing ◽  
Source Routing ◽  
Location Aware ◽  
Acoustic Networks ◽  
Dynamic Source ◽  
Underwater Acoustic Networks

Acoustic networks of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) cannot typically rely on protocols intended for terrestrial radio networks. This work describes a new location-aware source routing (LASR) protocol shown to provide superior network performance over two commonly used network protocols—flooding and dynamic source routing (DSR)—in simulation studies of underwater acoustic networks of AUVs. LASR shares some features with DSR but also includes an improved link/route metric and a node tracking system. LASR also replaces DSR's shortest-path routing with the expected transmission count (ETX) metric. This allows LASR to make more informed routing decisions, which greatly increases performance compared to DSR. Provision for a node tracking system is another novel addition: using the time-division multiple access (TDMA) feature of the simulated acoustic modem, LASR includes a tracking system that predicts node locations, so that LASR can proactively respond to topology changes. LASR delivers 2-3 times as many messages as flooding in 72% of the simulated missions and delivers 2–4 times as many messages as DSR in 100% of the missions. In 67% of the simulated missions, LASR delivers messages requiring multiple hops to cross the network with 2–5 times greater reliability than flooding or DSR.

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