An Energy Efficient Multi-Core Modem Architecture for LTE Mobile Terminals

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anas Showk ◽  
Shadi Traboulsi ◽  
Attila Bilgic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Mobile Terminals

scholarly journals Energy-Efficient Hardware Architectures for the Packet Data Convergence Protocol in LTE-Advanced Mobile Terminals

VLSI Design ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Shadi Traboulsi ◽  
Valerio Frascolla ◽  
Nils Pohl ◽  
Josef Hausner ◽  
Attila Bilgic
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Mobile Terminals ◽  
Standard Cell Library ◽  
Cell Library ◽  
Lte Advanced ◽  
Packet Data ◽  
Hardware Architectures

In this paper, we present and compare efficient low-power hardware architectures for accelerating the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) in LTE and LTE-Advanced mobile terminals. Specifically, our work proposes the design of two cores: a crypto engine for the Evolved Packet System Encryption Algorithm (128-EEA2) that is based on the AES cipher and a coprocessor for the Least Significant Bit (LSB) encoding mechanism of the Robust Header Compression (ROHC) algorithm. With respect to the former, first we propose a reference architecture, which reflects a basic implementation of the algorithm, then we identify area and power bottle-necks in the design and finally we introduce and compare several architectures targeting the most power-consuming operations. With respect to the LSB coprocessor, we propose a novel implementation based on a one-hot encoding, thereby reducing hardware’s logic switching rate. Architectural hardware analysis is performed using Faraday’s 90 nm standard-cell library. The obtained results, when compared against the reference architecture, show that these novel architectures achieve significant improvements, namely, 25% in area and 35% in power consumption for the 128-EEA2 crypto-core, and even more important reductions are seen for the LSB coprocessor, that is, 36% in area and 50% in power consumption.

Performance Evaluation of AFOD Protocol for Energy Efficient Routing

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Smitha Shekar ◽  
M. Sudhakar Pillai ◽  
G. Narendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing

Distributed Entropy Energy-Efficient Clustering algorithm for cluster head selection (DEEEC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 8139-8147
Author(s):  
Ranganathan Arun ◽  
Rangaswamy Balamurugan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Energy Efficient Clustering ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Ch Selection

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) the energy of Sensor nodes is not certainly sufficient. In order to optimize the endurance of WSN, it is essential to minimize the utilization of energy. Head of group or Cluster Head (CH) is an eminent method to develop the endurance of WSN that aggregates the WSN with higher energy. CH for intra-cluster and inter-cluster communication becomes dependent. For complete, in WSN, the Energy level of CH extends its life of cluster. While evolving cluster algorithms, the complicated job is to identify the energy utilization amount of heterogeneous WSNs. Based on Chaotic Firefly Algorithm CH (CFACH) selection, the formulated work is named “Novel Distributed Entropy Energy-Efficient Clustering Algorithm”, in short, DEEEC for HWSNs. The formulated DEEEC Algorithm, which is a CH, has two main stages. In the first stage, the identification of temporary CHs along with its entropy value is found using the correlative measure of residual and original energy. Along with this, in the clustering algorithm, the rotating epoch and its entropy value must be predicted automatically by its sensor nodes. In the second stage, if any member in the cluster having larger residual energy, shall modify the temporary CHs in the direction of the deciding set. The target of the nodes with large energy has the probability to be CHs which is determined by the above two stages meant for CH selection. The MATLAB is required to simulate the DEEEC Algorithm. The simulated results of the formulated DEEEC Algorithm produce good results with respect to the energy and increased lifetime when it is correlated with the current traditional clustering protocols being used in the Heterogeneous WSNs.

A Survey on Hierarchical Cluster Based Secure Routing Protocols and Key Management Schemes in Wireless Sensor Networks

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Yugashree Bhadane ◽  
Pooja Kadam
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Key Management ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Cluster Based Routing

Now days, wireless technology is one of the center of attention for users and researchers. Wireless network is a network having large number of sensor nodes and hence called as “Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)”. WSN monitors and senses the environment of targeted area. The sensor nodes in WSN transmit data to the base station depending on the application. These sensor nodes communicate with each other and routing is selected on the basis of routing protocols which are application specific. Based on network structure, routing protocols in WSN can be divided into two categories: flat routing, hierarchical or cluster based routing, location based routing. Out of these, hierarchical or cluster based routing is becoming an active branch of routing technology in WSN. To allow base station to receive unaltered or original data, routing protocol should be energy-efficient and secure. To fulfill this, Hierarchical or Cluster base routing protocol for WSN is the most energy-efficient among other routing protocols. Hence, in this paper, we present a survey on different hierarchical clustered routing techniques for WSN. We also present the key management schemes to provide security in WSN. Further we study and compare secure hierarchical routing protocols based on various criteria.

CONCEPTUAL POSITIONS OF MODERNIZATION OF EXISTING INEFFICIENT DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS

2017 ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Ye.Ye. Nikitin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Energy Management Systems ◽  
Current State ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
District Heating Systems

The current situation in the sphere of district heating is analysed on the basis of use of the cognitive approach. The presence of closed chains of cause-effect relationships of negative factors and conflicts of target settings of the subjects in the field of district heating is shown. The conceptual model of energy efficient modernization of district heating systems is proposed. This model includes indicators of the current status of heat sources, networks and heat consumers, energetic and economic models, restrictions, procedure of forming and analysis of the mutual influence of the recommended projects. The quantitative data on indicators of the current state of district heating systems of the cities of Ukraine are presented. The interrelation between indicators of the current state and projects of energy efficient modernization of district heating systems is shown. Assessment of energy self-sufficiency of municipal district heating systems on condition of thermal modernization of buildings is carried out. The creation of energy management systems at the district heating enterprises is proposed. Bib. 6, Fig. 7, Tab. 5.

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