An fMRI investigation of a memory guided vergence task: Insights to the parahippocampal area

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelda Alkan ◽  
Paul A. Taylor ◽  
Bharat B. Biswal ◽  
Tara L. Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Parahippocampal Area

Different modes of action of alprazolam in the treatment of panic attacks

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Dominique Van Gool
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Potent Drug ◽  
The Right ◽  
Parahippocampal Area ◽  
Stimulation Of

SUMMARYAlprazolam (a benzodiazepine in the group of the triazolo-benzodiazepines) is a potent drug for the treatment of panic disorder. This is possible due to four different interactions with neurotransmitter systems. First, it facilitates, as all diazepines, the inhibitory acitivity of gamma-amino-butyricacid (GABA). The chemical structure differs from the benzodiazepines by incorporation of the triazoloring. Due to this triazoloring, the drug has three additional modes of action. These modes of action inhibit the locus coeruleus which plays a role in the origin of panic disorder. A first specific action is a stimulation of the serotonergic system. Triazolobenzodiazepines are also α2-adrenoreceptor agonists. Both mechanisms are responsible for inhibition of the locus coeruleus. Triazolo-benzodiazepines inhibit the platelet-activating-factor (PAF). PAF stimulates the corticotropin-releasing-hormone (CRH). This hormone stimulates the locus coeruleus. CRH in patients with panic attacks is elevated. This could be a result of hyperactive metabolism of the right parahippocampal area, which is observed in patients with panic attacks. Triazolo-benzodiazepines decrease the activity of the locus coeruleus because of a low CRH-level due to inhibited PAF.

Olfactory bulb projections to the parahippocampal area of the rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 198 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith C. Kosel ◽  
Gary W. Van Hoesen ◽  
James R. West
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Parahippocampal Area

Targeting the Parahippocampal Area by Auditory Cortex Stimulation in Tinnitus

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 709-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk De Ridder ◽  
Sven Vanneste
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Parahippocampal Area

scholarly journals Distribution of Cadherin in the Parahippocampal Area of Developing Domestic Chicken Embryos

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
He Zhou ◽  
XiaoFan Wang ◽  
JunTang Lin ◽  
Ze Zhao ◽  
Cheng Chang
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Chicken ◽  
Chicken Embryos ◽  
Parahippocampal Area

Parahippocampal Area 3 Gray Matter is Reduced in First-Episode Psychosis: A Discovery and Replication Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. S427-S428
Author(s):  
Mark T. Curtis ◽  
Vanessa Fishel ◽  
Natasha Torrence ◽  
Yiming Wang ◽  
Dylan Seebold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Replication Study ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Parahippocampal Area

FoxP1 Protein Shows Differential Layer Expression in the Parahippocampal Domain among Bird Species

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-251
Author(s):  
Elena Garcia-Calero ◽  
Salvador Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Zebra Finch ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Zebra Finches ◽  
Hippocampus Proper ◽  
Positive Projection ◽  
The One ◽  
Parahippocampal Area

Different bird orders show diversity in neural capabilities supported by variations in brain morphology. The parahippocampal domain in the medial pallium, together with the hippocampus proper, plays an important role in memory skills. In the present work, we analyze the expression pattern of the FoxP1 protein in the parahippocampal area of four different bird species: the nonvocal learner birds quail and chicken (Galliformes) and two vocal learner birds, i.e. the zebra finch (Passeriformes) and the budgerigar (Psittaciformes), at different developmental and adult stages. We also analyze the expression of the calbindin protein in quails and zebra finches. We observed differences in the FoxP1 parahippocampal layer among bird species. In quails, chickens, and budgerigar, FoxP1 cells were located in the outer layers of the lateral and caudolateral parahippocampal sectors. In contrast, FoxP1 immunoreactive cells appeared in the inner layer of the same sectors in the zebra finch parahippocampal domain. These differences suggest two possibilities: either the FoxP1-positive cells described in quails, chickens, and budgerigars are a different population than the one described in the zebra finch, or there are changes in the pattern of radial migration in the parahippocampal area among birds. In the present study, we show that FoxP1 expression is more similar between quails, chickens, and budgerigars than between budgerigars and zebra finches in the parahippocampal area. This result contrasts with previous data in other telencephalic structures, like the calbindin-positive projection neurons described in the striatum of budgerigars and zebra finches but not in quails and chickens. All of these data point to diversity in the evolution of different morphological characters and, therefore, a mosaic model for telencephalic evolution in birds.

scholarly journals Anterior cingulate implants for tinnitus: report of 2 cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk De Ridder ◽  
Kathleen Joos ◽  
Sven Vanneste
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Burst Stimulation ◽  
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Tinnitus Distress ◽  
Stimulation Current ◽  
Parahippocampal Area

Tinnitus can be distressful, and tinnitus distress has been linked to increased beta oscillatory activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). The amount of distress is linked to alpha activity in the medial temporal lobe (amygdala and parahippocampal area), as well as the subgenual (sg)ACC and insula, and the functional connectivity between the parahippocampal area and the sgACC at 10 and 11.5 Hz. The authors describe 2 patients with very severely distressing intractable tinnitus who underwent transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with a double-cone coil targeting the dACC and subsequent implantation of electrodes on the dACC. One of the patients responded to the implant and one did not, even though phenomenologically they both expressed the same tinnitus loudness and distress. The responder has remained dramatically improved for more than 2 years with 6-Hz burst stimulation of the dACC. The 2 patients differed in functional connectivity between the area of the implant and a tinnitus network consisting of the parahippocampal area as well as the sgACC and insula; that is, the responder had increased functional connectivity between these areas, whereas the nonresponder had decreased functional connectivity between these areas. Only the patient with increased functional connectivity linked to the target area of repetitive TMS or implantation might transmit the stimulation current to the entire tinnitus network and thus clinically improve.

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