Low-Energy Smart Cities Network with LoRa and Bluetooth

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celio Marcio Soares Ferreira ◽  
Ricardo Augusto R. Oliveira ◽  
Jorge Sa Silva
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Energy

A novel Bluetooth low energy based system for spatial exploration in smart cities

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Boukhechba ◽  
Abdenour Bouzouane ◽  
Sébastien Gaboury ◽  
Charles Gouin-Vallerand ◽  
Sylvain Giroux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Spatial Exploration

scholarly journals Improving the Network Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Network for Internet of Thing Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Salman ◽  
Zainab T. Alisa
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Clustering Model

Mobile Wireless sensor networks have acquired a great interest recently due to their capability to provide good solutions and low-priced in multiple fields. Internet of Things (IoT) connects different technologies such as sensing, communication, networking, and cloud computing. It can be used in monitoring, health care and smart cities. The most suitable infrastructure for IoT application is wireless sensor networks. One of the main defiance of WSNs is the power limitation of the sensor node. Clustering model is an actual way to eliminate the inspired power during the transmission of the sensed data to a central point called a Base Station (BS). In this paper, efficient clustering protocols are offered to prolong network lifetime. A kernel-based fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm (KFCM) is adopted to cluster sensor nodes, while a cluster head (CH) is selected for each cluster based on a fuzzy logic system. Results depicts that the new work performs better than the existing algorithms (as Low Energy Adaptive Cluster Hierarchy-Mobile (LEACH-M) and Low Energy Adaptive Cluster Hierarchy-Mobile Enhancement (LEACH-ME)) in terms of network lifetime, energy consumption, packet transmission and stability period.  

scholarly journals Neighbor Discovery for IPv6 over BLE Mesh Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1844
Author(s):  
Bingqing Luo ◽  
Zhixin Sun ◽  
Yu Pang ◽  
Awais Ahmad ◽  
Jinzhao Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Neighbor Discovery ◽  
City Management ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Ipv6 Address ◽  
Distance Communication ◽  
Seamless Connection ◽  
Neighbor Discovery Protocol

IPv6 over Bluetooth Low Energy (6LoBLE) can realize the seamless connection between Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) devices and the Internet, solve the restrictions on Bluetooth applications as short distance communication solutions, and advance the development of applications of smart cities, such as smart buildings and smart city management. Since neighbor discovery is the first step for BLE devices to establish a connection with each other, this paper proposes a novel neighbor discovery protocol for IPv6 over BLE mesh networks, including the structure of IPv6 over BLE mesh networks, the networking solutions, and IPv6 address auto-configuration and update mechanism. Furthermore, we analyze and simulate the performance of the neighbor discovery protocol utilizing the Revierbed simulator, and the results show the effectiveness of the proposed neighbor discovery protocol even in a crowded environment.

scholarly journals Experimental Application of Bluetooth Low Energy Connectionless in Smart Cities

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 2735
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos García-Ortiz ◽  
Javier Silvestre-Blanes ◽  
Víctor Sempere-Payá
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Wireless Interference ◽  
Experimental Application ◽  
Heterogeneous Nature ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Application Requirements

Communication networks are a key element in the development of Smart Cities. This field is a constantly evolving environment, for which new protocols are constantly appearing. Due to the heterogeneous nature of the technologies, the most appropriate candidate must be selected in order to get the best performance to satisfy the application requirements. One of these protocols is Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), particularly with the upgrades introduced in version 5.x. Its new features are focused on providing increased range, improving robustness, and expanding beaconing capabilities. Connectionless applications such as information broadcasting in Smart Cities could take advantage of this protocol. Furthermore, the wide availability on common devices (mobile phones, car infotainment, etc.), the deployment of these applications can be carried out easily and at low cost. This paper presents an experimental evaluation of the new robust, long-range radio mode of BLE over a set of Smart Cities scenarios, taking into account different conditions such as wireless interference, distances, dynamicity, etc. The results show a promising performance of the protocol even with these constraints.

A Cost Efficient Fair Pricing Scheme for Low Energy Consumers of Networked Smart Cities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Muhammad Mohsin ◽  
Nouman Ashraf ◽  
Sheraz Aslam ◽  
Hassaan Khaliq Qureshi ◽  
Iqra Mustafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Fair Pricing ◽  
Pricing Scheme ◽  
Cost Efficient

Internet of Things (IoT) and emerging Wireless Technologies in the 21st Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O.C. Ngige ◽  
C.E. Chibudike ◽  
D.O. Omotosho
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Wireless Technologies ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Business Opportunities ◽  
The Internet Of Things

This paper accesses the Internet of Things (IoT) in conjunction with the emergence of Wireless Technologies. Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a type of network to connect anything with the Internet, based on stipulated protocols through information sensing equipment to conduct information exchange and communications; in order to achieve smart recognitions, positioning, tracing, monitoring, and administration. This investigates the Internet of Things (IoT) and its incorporation of multiple long-range, short-range, and personal area wireless networks and technologies into the designs of IoT applications. Particularly, it focuses on ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, Bluetooth Low Energy, LoRa, and so on. This enables numerous business opportunities in fields as diverse as e-health, smart cities, and smart homes, among many others. This research briefly discussed about IoT, some of the major evolving and enabling wireless technologies in the IoT, Smart Environnent Application Domain, and Application of IoT. Benefits and Challenges of IoT.

Dissociated Σ=27 boundaries in silicon

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 624-625
Author(s):  
A. Garg ◽  
W.A.T. Clark ◽  
J.P. Hirth
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Local Minimum ◽  
Boundary Energy ◽  
Coincidence Site Lattice ◽  
Boundary Plane ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Site Lattice ◽  
Kikuchi Pattern ◽  
Analysis Techniques

In the last twenty years, a significant amount of work has been done in the theoretical understanding of grain boundaries. The various proposed grain boundary models suggest the existence of coincidence site lattice (CSL) boundaries at specific misorientations where a periodic structure representing a local minimum of energy exists between the two crystals. In general, the boundary energy depends not only upon the density of CSL sites but also upon the boundary plane, so that different facets of the same boundary have different energy. Here we describe TEM observations of the dissociation of a Σ=27 boundary in silicon in order to reduce its surface energy and attain a low energy configuration.The boundary was identified as near CSL Σ=27 {255} having a misorientation of (38.7±0.2)°/[011] by standard Kikuchi pattern, electron diffraction and trace analysis techniques. Although the boundary appeared planar, in the TEM it was found to be dissociated in some regions into a Σ=3 {111} and a Σ=9 {122} boundary, as shown in Fig. 1.

Transfer optics for high spatial resolution electron spectroscopy

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 666-667
Author(s):  
G. G. Hembree ◽  
Luo Chuan Hong ◽  
P.A. Bennett ◽  
J.A. Venables
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
State University ◽  
Arizona State University ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Low Energy Electrons

A new field emission scanning transmission electron microscope has been constructed for the NSF HREM facility at Arizona State University. The microscope is to be used for studies of surfaces, and incorporates several surface-related features, including provision for analysis of secondary and Auger electrons; these electrons are collected through the objective lens from either side of the sample, using the parallelizing action of the magnetic field. This collimates all the low energy electrons, which spiral in the high magnetic field. Given an initial field Bi∼1T, and a final (parallelizing) field Bf∼0.01T, all electrons emerge into a cone of semi-angle θf≤6°. The main practical problem in the way of using this well collimated beam of low energy (0-2keV) electrons is that it is travelling along the path of the (100keV) probing electron beam. To collect and analyze them, they must be deflected off the beam path with minimal effect on the probe position.

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