scholarly journals State of the Art, Trends and Future of Bluetooth Low Energy, Near Field Communication and Visible Light Communication in the Development of Smart Cities

Sensors ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Cerruela García ◽  
Irene Luque Ruiz ◽  
Miguel Gómez-Nieto
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Near Field Communication ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy

RFID, NFC, Beacons, and the Infrastructures of Logistical Locative Media

2020 ◽  
pp. 474-486
Author(s):  
Jordan Frith
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Near Field Communication ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Locative Media ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Machine Readable

The phrase the Internet of things was originally coined in a 1999 presentation about attaching radio frequency identification (RFID) tags to individual objects. These tags would make the objects machine-readable, uniquely identifiable, and, most importantly, wirelessly communicative with infrastructure. This chapter evaluates RFID as a piece of mobile communicative infrastructure, and it examines two emerging forms: near-field communication (NFC) and Bluetooth low-energy beacons. The chapter shows how NFC and Bluetooth low-energy beacons may soon move some types of RFID to smartphones, in this way evolving the use of RFID in payment and transportation and enabling new practices of post-purchasing behaviors.

Tecnologías y aplicaciones para la monitorización ambulatoria de señales fisiológicas

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
José María Vicente Samper
Keyword(s):  
Near Field ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Near Field Communication ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Nuevas Tecnologías

En los últimos años la sociedad ha visto como se ha producido un gran desarrollo de dispositivos electrónicos inteligentes que permiten tener un mejor control de todos los aspectos de la vida integrándolos en el día a día. Con esa necesidad de control, toman fuerza las aplicaciones para la monitorización ambulatoria de señales fisiológicas. Este tipo de sistemas permite mantener controlado al paciente en todo momento o ayuda a realizar un diagnóstico más preciso. Además, permite descargar el sobresaturado sistema sanitario y facilitar la vida a personas con movilidad reducida, enfermedades degenerativas o trastornos crónicos. La integración de nuevas tecnologías de comunicación como el Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) o el Near Field Communication (NFC) en los dispositivos electrónicos, proporciona la posibilidad de este tipo de aplicaciones para que la monitorización pueda integrarse en un sistema remoto. Esto permite controlar al paciente desde cualquier parte y que él mismo o la persona encargada de su cuidado pueda seguir el diagnóstico.

A novel Bluetooth low energy based system for spatial exploration in smart cities

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Boukhechba ◽  
Abdenour Bouzouane ◽  
Sébastien Gaboury ◽  
Charles Gouin-Vallerand ◽  
Sylvain Giroux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Spatial Exploration

scholarly journals Tracking Anonymized Bluetooth Devices

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (3) ◽  
pp. 50-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes K Becker ◽  
David Li ◽  
David Starobinski
Keyword(s):  
Access Control ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Side Channel ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
User Activity ◽  
Passive Tracking

Abstract Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) devices use public (non-encrypted) advertising channels to announce their presence to other devices. To prevent tracking on these public channels, devices may use a periodically changing, randomized address instead of their permanent Media Access Control (MAC) address. In this work we show that many state-of-the-art devices which are implementing such anonymization measures are vulnerable to passive tracking that extends well beyond their address randomization cycles. We show that it is possible to extract identifying tokens from the pay-load of advertising messages for tracking purposes. We present an address-carryover algorithm which exploits the asynchronous nature of payload and address changes to achieve tracking beyond the address randomization of a device. We furthermore identify an identity-exposing attack via a device accessory that allows permanent, non-continuous tracking, as well as an iOS side-channel which allows insights into user activity. Finally, we provide countermeasures against the presented algorithm and other privacy flaws in BLE advertising.

scholarly journals Neighbor Discovery for IPv6 over BLE Mesh Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1844
Author(s):  
Bingqing Luo ◽  
Zhixin Sun ◽  
Yu Pang ◽  
Awais Ahmad ◽  
Jinzhao Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Neighbor Discovery ◽  
City Management ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Ipv6 Address ◽  
Distance Communication ◽  
Seamless Connection ◽  
Neighbor Discovery Protocol

IPv6 over Bluetooth Low Energy (6LoBLE) can realize the seamless connection between Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) devices and the Internet, solve the restrictions on Bluetooth applications as short distance communication solutions, and advance the development of applications of smart cities, such as smart buildings and smart city management. Since neighbor discovery is the first step for BLE devices to establish a connection with each other, this paper proposes a novel neighbor discovery protocol for IPv6 over BLE mesh networks, including the structure of IPv6 over BLE mesh networks, the networking solutions, and IPv6 address auto-configuration and update mechanism. Furthermore, we analyze and simulate the performance of the neighbor discovery protocol utilizing the Revierbed simulator, and the results show the effectiveness of the proposed neighbor discovery protocol even in a crowded environment.

Synchronization in Visible Light Communication for Smart Cities

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1877-1886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suseela Vappangi ◽  
Venkata Mani Vakamulla
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Visible Light Communication

scholarly journals Experimental Application of Bluetooth Low Energy Connectionless in Smart Cities

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 2735
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos García-Ortiz ◽  
Javier Silvestre-Blanes ◽  
Víctor Sempere-Payá
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Wireless Interference ◽  
Experimental Application ◽  
Heterogeneous Nature ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Application Requirements

Communication networks are a key element in the development of Smart Cities. This field is a constantly evolving environment, for which new protocols are constantly appearing. Due to the heterogeneous nature of the technologies, the most appropriate candidate must be selected in order to get the best performance to satisfy the application requirements. One of these protocols is Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), particularly with the upgrades introduced in version 5.x. Its new features are focused on providing increased range, improving robustness, and expanding beaconing capabilities. Connectionless applications such as information broadcasting in Smart Cities could take advantage of this protocol. Furthermore, the wide availability on common devices (mobile phones, car infotainment, etc.), the deployment of these applications can be carried out easily and at low cost. This paper presents an experimental evaluation of the new robust, long-range radio mode of BLE over a set of Smart Cities scenarios, taking into account different conditions such as wireless interference, distances, dynamicity, etc. The results show a promising performance of the protocol even with these constraints.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document