How Many Simulation Runs are Required to Achieve Statistically Confident Results: A Case Study of Simulation-Based Surrogate Safety Measures

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long T. Truong ◽  
Majid Sarvi ◽  
Graham Currie ◽  
Timothy M. Garoni
Keyword(s):  
Safety Measures ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Surrogate Safety Measures

scholarly journals Studying the Safety Impact of Autonomous Vehicles Using Simulation-Based Surrogate Safety Measures

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Mario Morando ◽  
Qingyun Tian ◽  
Long T. Truong ◽  
Hai L. Vu
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Car Following Model ◽  
Surrogate Safety Measures ◽  
Signalised Intersection

Autonomous vehicle (AV) technology has advanced rapidly in recent years with some automated features already available in vehicles on the market. AVs are expected to reduce traffic crashes as the majority of crashes are related to driver errors, fatigue, alcohol, or drugs. However, very little research has been conducted to estimate the safety impact of AVs. This paper aims to investigate the safety impacts of AVs using a simulation-based surrogate safety measure approach. To this end, safety impacts are explored through the number of conflicts extracted from the VISSIM traffic microsimulator using the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM). Behaviours of human-driven vehicles (HVs) and AVs (level 4 automation) are modelled within the VISSIM’s car-following model. The safety investigation is conducted for two case studies, that is, a signalised intersection and a roundabout, under various AV penetration rates. Results suggest that AVs improve safety significantly with high penetration rates, even when they travel with shorter headways to improve road capacity and reduce delay. For the signalised intersection, AVs reduce the number of conflicts by 20% to 65% with the AV penetration rates of between 50% and 100% (statistically significant at p<0.05). For the roundabout, the number of conflicts is reduced by 29% to 64% with the 100% AV penetration rate (statistically significant at p<0.05).

scholarly journals Reinstating a national simulation programme in anaesthesiology during the coronavirus pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjstel-2021-000894
Author(s):  
Sinead Campbell ◽  
Sarah Corbett ◽  
Crina L Burlacu
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Training ◽  
Online Video ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Video Assisted ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
High Standards ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
Training Opportunities ◽  
Simulation Programme

BackgroundWith the introduction of strict public health measures due to the coronavirus pandemic, we have had to change how we deliver simulation training. In order to reinstate the College of Anaesthesiologists Simulation Training (CAST) programme safely, we have had to make significant logistical changes. We discuss the process of reopening a national simulation anaesthesiology programme during a pandemic.MethodsWe approached how to reinstate the programme with three distinct but intertwined projects, as in the following: (1) a survey of effects of the pandemic on training opportunities for anaesthesiology trainees, (2) proposals for methods of reinstating simulation were developed under the headings avoidance, compromise, accommodation and collaboration. A small online video-assisted simulation pilot was carried out to test the compromise method, (3) having opted for combined accommodation (onsite with smaller participant numbers and safety measures) and collaboration (with other regional centres), a postreinstatement evaluation during a 4-month period was carried out.Results(1) Eighty-five per cent of 64 trainees surveyed felt that they had missed out not only just on simulation-based education (43%) but also on other training opportunities, (2) when five trainees were asked to state on a 1 to 5 Likert scale (strongly disagree, disagree, undecided, agree and strongly agree) whether online video-assisted simulation was similar to face-to-face simulation in four categories (realism, immersion, sense of crisis and stress), only 9 (45%) of the 20 answers agreed they were similar, (3) When onsite simulation was reinstated, the majority of trainees felt that training was similar to prepandemic and were happy to continue with this format.ConclusionIn order to reinstate simulation, we have identified that accommodation and collaboration best suited the CAST while compromise failed to rank high among trainees’ preferences. Onsite courses will continue to be delivered safely while meeting the high standards our trainees have come to expect.

Dynamic Simulation-Based Case Study of Fusion on Small-Scale Electrical Grids

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shutaro Takeda ◽  
Satoshi Konishi ◽  
Yasushi Yamamoto ◽  
Ryuta Kasada ◽  
Shigeki Sakurai
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Electrical Grids ◽  
Simulation Based
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document