Cache Miss Characterization in Hierarchical Large-Scale Cache-Coherent Systems

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Ros ◽  
Blas Cuesta ◽  
Maria Engracia Gomez ◽  
Antonio Robles ◽  
Jose Duato
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Coherent Systems ◽  
Cache Miss

A Generic Review of Messenger Application: Wechat And Whatsapp

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Ewiena Bivie Anak Apon ◽  
Cik Feresa Mohd Foozy ◽  
Palaniappan Shamala
Keyword(s):  
Distributed System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Coherent Systems ◽  
Large Scale Data ◽  
Communication Environment ◽  
Application Level Multicast ◽  
Important Objective ◽  
Scale Data

Over the Internet today, communication environment is more easy and interesting to the citizen. There are much interesting in modern technology when they provided a good substrate for creating large-scale data sharing, content distribution, and application-level multicast applications. The important objective of this article is getting information about comparison of two distributed system in messenger application. Messenger application is known as a tool communication that can get any information. The distributed system is one of the independent and single coherent systems it was built an application that will be informed that section is being fixed or replaces to serve more applications or users. The distributed system for this article about the comparison of two distributed system in messenger application for WeChat and Whatsapp, it is also known as the famous application for this generations nowadays.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation and Implementation of Tasks in Virtual Machines

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1524-1527
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Data Centers ◽  
Virtual Machines ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Cloud Data Centers ◽  
Application Codes ◽  
Cache Miss

In the present situation, it may be essential to build a simple data sharing environment to monitor and protect the unauthorized modification of data. In such case, mechanisms may be required to develop to focus on significant weakened networking with proper solutions. In some situations, block chain data management may be used considering the cloud environment. It is well understood that in virtual environment, allocating resources may have significant role towards evaluating the performance including utilization of resources linked to the data center. Accuracy towards allocation of virtual machines in cloud data centers may be more essential considering the optimization problems in cloud computing. In such cases, it may also be desirable to prioritize on virtual machines linked to cloud data centers. Consolidating the dynamic virtual machines may also permit the virtual server providers to optimize utilization of resources and to focus on energy consumption. In fact, tremendous rise in acquiring computational power driven by modern service applications may be linked towards establishment of large-scale virtualized data centers. Accordingly, the joint collaboration of smart connected devices with data analytics may also enable enormous applications towards different predictive maintenance systems. To obtain the near optimal as well as feasible results in this case, it may be desirable to simulate implementing the algorithms and focusing on application codes. Also, different approaches may also be needed to minimize development time and cost. In many cases, the experimental result proves that the simulation techniques may minimize the cache miss and improve the execution time. In this paper, it has been intended towards distribution of tasks along with implementation mechanisms linked to virtual machines.

scholarly journals Efficient Criteria of Quantumness for a Large System of Qubits

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohei Watabe ◽  
Michael Zach Serikow ◽  
Shiro Kawabata ◽  
Alexandre Zagoskin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Quantum Computer ◽  
Quantum Systems ◽  
Quantum Annealing ◽  
Coherent Systems ◽  
Adiabatic Evolution ◽  
Quantum Domain ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Efficient Criteria ◽  
D Wave

In order to model and evaluate large-scale quantum systems, e.g., quantum computer and quantum annealer, it is necessary to quantify the “quantumness” of such systems. In this paper, we discuss the dimensionless combinations of basic parameters of large, partially quantum coherent systems, which could be used to characterize their degree of quantumness. Based on analytical and numerical calculations, we suggest one such number for a system of qubits undergoing adiabatic evolution, i.e., the accessibility index. Applying it to the case of D-Wave One superconducting quantum annealing device, we find that its operation as described falls well within the quantum domain.

scholarly journals Distributed Balanced Partitioning via Linear Embedding †

Algorithms ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Aydin ◽  
MohammadHossein Bateni ◽  
Vahab Mirrokni
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Job Scheduling ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Label Propagation ◽  
Partitioning Problem ◽  
Linear Embedding ◽  
Job Scheduling Problem ◽  
Cache Miss ◽  
Hilbert Curves ◽  
Google Search

Balanced partitioning is often a crucial first step in solving large-scale graph optimization problems, for example, in some cases, a big graph can be chopped into pieces that fit on one machine to be processed independently before stitching the results together, leading to certain suboptimality from the interaction among different pieces. In other cases, links between different parts may show up in the running time and/or network communications cost, hence the desire to have small cut size. We study a distributed balanced-partitioning problem where the goal is to partition the vertices of a given graph into k pieces so as to minimize the total cut size. Our algorithm is composed of a few steps that are easily implementable in distributed computation frameworks such as MapReduce. The algorithm first embeds nodes of the graph onto a line, and then processes nodes in a distributed manner guided by the linear embedding order. We examine various ways to find the first embedding, for example, via a hierarchical clustering or Hilbert curves. Then we apply four different techniques including local swaps, and minimum cuts on the boundaries of partitions, as well as contraction and dynamic programming. As our empirical study, we compare the above techniques with each other, and also to previous work in distributed graph algorithms, for example, a label-propagation method, FENNEL and Spinner. We report our results both on a private map graph and several public social networks, and show that our results beat previous distributed algorithms: For instance, compared to the label-propagation algorithm, we report an improvement of 15–25% in the cut value. We also observe that our algorithms admit scalable distributed implementation for any number of partitions. Finally, we explain three applications of this work at Google: (1) Balanced partitioning is used to route multi-term queries to different replicas in Google Search backend in a way that reduces the cache miss rates by ≈ 0.5 % , which leads to a double-digit gain in throughput of production clusters. (2) Applied to the Google Maps Driving Directions, balanced partitioning minimizes the number of cross-shard queries with the goal of saving in CPU usage. This system achieves load balancing by dividing the world graph into several “shards”. Live experiments demonstrate an ≈ 40 % drop in the number of cross-shard queries when compared to a standard geography-based method. (3) In a job scheduling problem for our data centers, we use balanced partitioning to evenly distribute the work while minimizing the amount of communication across geographically distant servers. In fact, the hierarchical nature of our solution goes well with the layering of data center servers, where certain machines are closer to each other and have faster links to one another.

Some comments about observations and image processing of comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
D. Kubáček ◽  
A. Galád ◽  
A. Pravda
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Harvard College ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Large Scale Structures ◽  
Short Period Comet ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Harvard College Observatory ◽  
Period Comet

AbstractUnusual short-period comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 inspired many observers to explain its unpredictable outbursts. In this paper large scale structures and features from the inner part of the coma in time periods around outbursts are studied. CCD images were taken at Whipple Observatory, Mt. Hopkins, in 1989 and at Astronomical Observatory, Modra, from 1995 to 1998. Photographic plates of the comet were taken at Harvard College Observatory, Oak Ridge, from 1974 to 1982. The latter were digitized at first to apply the same techniques of image processing for optimizing the visibility of features in the coma during outbursts. Outbursts and coma structures show various shapes.

Evolution of Large-Scale Coronal Structures

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
P. Ambrož
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Line ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coronal Magnetic Field ◽  
Source Surface ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Characteristic Relationship ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractThe large-scale coronal structures observed during the sporadically visible solar eclipses were compared with the numerically extrapolated field-line structures of coronal magnetic field. A characteristic relationship between the observed structures of coronal plasma and the magnetic field line configurations was determined. The long-term evolution of large scale coronal structures inferred from photospheric magnetic observations in the course of 11- and 22-year solar cycles is described.Some known parameters, such as the source surface radius, or coronal rotation rate are discussed and actually interpreted. A relation between the large-scale photospheric magnetic field evolution and the coronal structure rearrangement is demonstrated.

Large-scale Motion of Solar Filaments

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 205-208
Author(s):  
Pavel Ambrož ◽  
Alfred Schroll
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Proper Motion ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Solar Filaments ◽  
General Movement ◽  
Scale Motion ◽  
Velocity Scatter

AbstractPrecise measurements of heliographic position of solar filaments were used for determination of the proper motion of solar filaments on the time-scale of days. The filaments have a tendency to make a shaking or waving of the external structure and to make a general movement of whole filament body, coinciding with the transport of the magnetic flux in the photosphere. The velocity scatter of individual measured points is about one order higher than the accuracy of measurements.

Some applications of electron beam microanalysis techniques in VLSI process evaluation

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
Simon Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Analysis Of Failures ◽  
Characterization Of Materials ◽  
Circuits Vlsi

Trends in the technology development of very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI) have been in the direction of higher density of components with smaller dimensions. The scaling down of device dimensions has been not only laterally but also in depth. Such efforts in miniaturization bring with them new developments in materials and processing. Successful implementation of these efforts is, to a large extent, dependent on the proper understanding of the material properties, process technologies and reliability issues, through adequate analytical studies. The analytical instrumentation technology has, fortunately, kept pace with the basic requirements of devices with lateral dimensions in the micron/ submicron range and depths of the order of nonometers. Often, newer analytical techniques have emerged or the more conventional techniques have been adapted to meet the more stringent requirements. As such, a variety of analytical techniques are available today to aid an analyst in the efforts of VLSI process evaluation. Generally such analytical efforts are divided into the characterization of materials, evaluation of processing steps and the analysis of failures.

Electron microscopy study of reactively sputter-deposited Ti/N films on silicon

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1362-1363
Author(s):  
V. C. Kannan ◽  
A. K. Singh ◽  
R. B. Irwin ◽  
S. Chittipeddi ◽  
F. D. Nkansah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hexagonal Phase ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Tin Films ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fcc Phase ◽  
Circuits Vlsi

Titanium nitride (TiN) films have historically been used as diffusion barrier between silicon and aluminum, as an adhesion layer for tungsten deposition and as an interconnect material etc. Recently, the role of TiN films as contact barriers in very large scale silicon integrated circuits (VLSI) has been extensively studied. TiN films have resistivities on the order of 20μ Ω-cm which is much lower than that of titanium (nearly 66μ Ω-cm). Deposited TiN films show resistivities which vary from 20 to 100μ Ω-cm depending upon the type of deposition and process conditions. TiNx is known to have a NaCl type crystal structure for a wide range of compositions. Change in color from metallic luster to gold reflects the stabilization of the TiNx (FCC) phase over the close packed Ti(N) hexagonal phase. It was found that TiN (1:1) ideal composition with the FCC (NaCl-type) structure gives the best electrical property.

Evolution of the microstructure of Cu(Ti)/SiO2 layers annealed in NH3

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 452-453
Author(s):  
J. Liu ◽  
N. D. Theodore ◽  
D. Adams ◽  
S. Russell ◽  
T. L. Alford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Titanium Nitride ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Alloy Film ◽  
Electron Beam Evaporation ◽  
Copper Metallization ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
Ti Alloy ◽  
Thermally Grown

Copper-based metallization has recently attracted extensive research because of its potential application in ultra-large-scale integration (ULSI) of semiconductor devices. The feasibility of copper metallization is, however, limited due to its thermal stability issues. In order to utilize copper in metallization systems diffusion barriers such as titanium nitride and other refractory materials, have been employed to enhance the thermal stability of copper. Titanium nitride layers can be formed by annealing Cu(Ti) alloy film evaporated on thermally grown SiO2 substrates in an ammonia ambient. We report here the microstructural evolution of Cu(Ti)/SiO2 layers during annealing in NH3 flowing ambient.The Cu(Ti) films used in this experiment were prepared by electron beam evaporation onto thermally grown SiO2 substrates. The nominal composition of the Cu(Ti) alloy was Cu73Ti27. Thermal treatments were conducted in NH3 flowing ambient for 30 minutes at temperatures ranging from 450°C to 650°C. Cross-section TEM specimens were prepared by the standard procedure.

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