Multiplexed Detection of Single Antibiotic Drug-Resistant Plasmids using Multimode Interference Waveguide Based Optofluidic Chip

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Meena ◽  
O. Brown ◽  
R. Hanson ◽  
R. L. Wood ◽  
W. G. Pitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multimode Interference ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Multiplexed Detection ◽  
Antibiotic Drug ◽  
Optofluidic Chip

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS AGAINST MULTI DRUG RESISTANT URINARY TRACT INFECTION CAUSING ORGANISMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 85-95
Author(s):  
Perumal G
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Drug ◽  
Phytochemical Studies

The present study was isolate Bacterial pathogens form Urinary Tract Infection and identified the Bacterial pathogens from UTI patients. Determination of the antibiotic drug resistant pattern of the isolated pathogenic bacteria using standard antibiotic discs Ampicilin (25μg), Erithromycin (15μg), Chloramphenicol (10μg) Gentamicin (10μg) and Tetracycline (30 μg).The study was carried out, in vitro screening of ethanolic extracts of some medicinal plants against the bacterial pathogens Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosawere isolate from the UTI. When compared with standard antibiotic disc selected plants extracts were showed maximum zone of inhibition against all the pathogens. This investigation strongly recommends that phytochemical studies are required to determine the types of compounds responsible for the antibacterial effect of these medicinal plants. Key words: Bacterial pathogens, Antibiotic drug resistant pattern and Medicinal plants

Antibiotic Resistance in the Veterinary Perspective

2019 ◽  
pp. 142-157
Author(s):  
Sophia Inbaraj ◽  
Vamshi Krishna Sriram ◽  
Prasad Thomas ◽  
Abhishek Verma ◽  
Pallab Chaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Drug ◽  
Antibiotics Use ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms

Antibiotic resistance is an emerging threat to achieving one health all over the globe. The phenomenon leads to the emergence of drug-resistant microbes previously susceptible to an antibiotic. Drug-resistant microbes are the major reasons for medical complications like patient mortality and treatment failure. Unregulated use of antibiotics in animal husbandry is one of the major reasons for the emergence of antibiotic resistance. The resistance enters the human population mainly through the food chain. The genetic markers associated with drug resistance spread among different bacterial species by horizontal gene transfer mechanisms. Therefore, regulation of antibiotics use in animal husbandry and proper safety measures at farm level are necessary to check drug-resistant microbes entering the food chain. This chapter discusses the antibiotics, antibiotic resistance, genetic mechanisms involved, the spread of resistance, and also the available strategies to combat antimicrobial drug resistance.

Antibiotic–non-antibiotic combinations for combating extremely drug-resistant Gram-negative ‘superbugs’

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena K. Schneider ◽  
Felisa Reyes-Ortega ◽  
Tony Velkov ◽  
Jian Li
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Combination Strategy ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antibiotic Drugs ◽  
Antibiotic Drug ◽  
The Status ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Synergistic Combinations

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance of Gram-negative pathogens has become a worldwide crisis. The status quo for combating resistance is to employ synergistic combinations of antibiotics. Faced with this fast-approaching post-antibiotic era, it is critical that we devise strategies to prolong and maximize the clinical efficacy of existing antibiotics. Unfortunately, reports of extremely drug-resistant (XDR) Gram-negative pathogens have become more common. Combining antibiotics such as polymyxin B or the broad-spectrum tetracycline and minocycline with various FDA-approved non-antibiotic drugs have emerged as a novel combination strategy against otherwise untreatable XDR pathogens. This review surveys the available literature on the potential benefits of employing antibiotic–non-antibiotic drug combination therapy. The apex of this review highlights the clinical utility of this novel therapeutic strategy for combating infections caused by ‘superbugs’.

Rational approaches towards inorganic and organometallic antibacterials

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannine Hess
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Organometallic Compounds ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Antibiotic Drug ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The occurrence of drug-resistant bacteria is drastically rising and new and effective antibiotic classes are urgently needed. However, most of the compounds in development are minor modifications of previously used drugs to which bacteria can easily develop resistance. The investigation of inorganic and organometallic compounds as antibiotics is an alternative approach that holds great promises due to the ability of such molecules to trigger metal-specific mechanisms of action, which results in lethal consequences for pathogens. In this review, a selection of concepts to rationally design inorganic and organometallic antibiotics is discussed, highlighting their advantages by comparing them to classical drug discovery programmes. The review concludes with a short perspective for the future of antibiotic drug development and the role metal-based compounds will play in the field.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Hybrids: the Next Generation of Agents and Adjuvants against Gram-Negative Pathogens?

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Domalaon ◽  
Temilolu Idowu ◽  
George G. Zhanel ◽  
Frank Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Intrinsic Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
The Past ◽  
Antibiotic Drug

SUMMARYThe global incidence of drug-resistant Gram-negative bacillary infections has been increasing, and there is a dire need to develop novel strategies to overcome this problem. Intrinsic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria, such as their protective outer membrane and constitutively overexpressed efflux pumps, is a major survival weapon that renders them refractory to current antibiotics. Several potential avenues to overcome this problem have been at the heart of antibiotic drug discovery in the past few decades. We review some of these strategies, with emphasis on antibiotic hybrids either as stand-alone antibacterial agents or as adjuvants that potentiate a primary antibiotic in Gram-negative bacteria. Antibiotic hybrid is defined in this review as a synthetic construct of two or more pharmacophores belonging to an established agent known to elicit a desired antimicrobial effect. The concepts, advances, and challenges of antibiotic hybrids are elaborated in this article. Moreover, we discuss several antibiotic hybrids that were or are in clinical evaluation. Mechanistic insights into how tobramycin-based antibiotic hybrids are able to potentiate legacy antibiotics in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli are also highlighted. Antibiotic hybrids indeed have a promising future as a therapeutic strategy to overcome drug resistance in Gram-negative pathogens and/or expand the usefulness of our current antibiotic arsenal.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the HB&L carbapenemase and extended spectrum beta lactamase-AmpC automated screening kits for the rapid detection of resistant Enterobacteriaceae in rectal swabs

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Marani ◽  
Maria Federica Pedna
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Antibiotic Drug ◽  
Rectal Swabs

<em>Background</em>. In the past two decades, a rapid increase of infections due to multidrug-resistant <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> was reported worldwide, including in Italy. These bacteria express genes encoding for extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) or bear a plasmid-mediated AmpC that induce phenotypically a resistance to the last-generation cephalosporins; even more worrying is the rapid increase of <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> carrying genes conferring resistance to carbapenems (CPE). <br /><em>Materials and methods.</em> The gut may serve as reservoir for these antibiotic drug-resistant bacteria: as a consequence, the rapid detection of drug resistant <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> from rectal swabs is an important tool to identify rectal carriage of resistant bacteria. This procedure is the basic tool to successfully implement the infection control measures in the hospital wards. The study evaluated the capability of the HB&amp;L ESBL/AmpC and CARBAPENEMASE screening kit (Alifax, Padua, Italy) to rapidly identify the drug resistant enterobacteriaceae from rectal swabs: the performance was compared with the conventional method. <br /><em>Results and conclusions.</em> The overall agreement was very good (91% for the detection of ESBL-AmpC, and 96.2% for the identification of CPE); this method is thus an efficient tool to quickly report positive multidrug resistant bacteria in rectal swabs.

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