Simultaneous measurement of time-resolved 2D temperature distribution of evaporation surface heated by an electron beam with sweeping mode

Author(s):  
Yen-Wei Chen
Shinku ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hironori OHBA ◽  
Koichi OGURA ◽  
Takemasa SHIBATA

Author(s):  
M. R. McCartney ◽  
J. K. Weiss ◽  
David J. Smith

It is well-known that electron-beam irradiation within the electron microscope can induce a variety of surface reactions. In the particular case of maximally-valent transition-metal oxides (TMO), which are susceptible to electron-stimulated desorption (ESD) of oxygen, it is apparent that the final reduced product depends, amongst other things, upon the ionicity of the original oxide, the energy and current density of the incident electrons, and the residual microscope vacuum. For example, when TMO are irradiated in a high-resolution electron microscope (HREM) at current densities of 5-50 A/cm2, epitaxial layers of the monoxide phase are found. In contrast, when these oxides are exposed to the extreme current density probe of an EM equipped with a field emission gun (FEG), the irradiated area has been reported to develop either holes or regions almost completely depleted of oxygen. ’ In this paper, we describe the responses of three TMO (WO3, V2O5 and TiO2) when irradiated by the focussed probe of a Philips 400ST FEG TEM, also equipped with a Gatan 666 Parallel Electron Energy Loss Spectrometer (P-EELS). The multi-channel analyzer of the spectrometer was modified to take advantage of the extremely rapid acquisition capabilities of the P-EELS to obtain time-resolved spectra of the oxides during the irradiation period. After irradiation, the specimens were immediately removed to a JEM-4000EX HREM for imaging of the damaged regions.


1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (C2) ◽  
pp. C2-549-C2-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Nikitenko ◽  
B. P. Tolochko ◽  
A. N. Aleshaev ◽  
G. N. Kulipanov ◽  
S. I. Mishnev

Author(s):  
M. Jamshidinia ◽  
F. Kong ◽  
R. Kovacevic

A three-dimensional (3D) numerical model is developed by using control volume method to analyze the effects of the electron beam scanning speed on the temperature distribution and fluid flow of the liquid phase in the electron beam melting® (EBM) of Ti-6Al-4V powder. The numerical calculations are performed by Fluent codes, in which thermal analyses with and without considering fluid flow in the molten pool are compared. A series of experiments are performed with an Electron Beam Melting® machine to verify the numerical accuracy. Compared to thermal analysis without considering convection in the molten pool, a closer numerical prediction of geometrical size of molten pool to the experimental data can be achieved by using thermal and fluid flow modeling. The difference between the melt pool geometry in the two models is due to the consideration of the effects of the outward flow in the fluid flow model caused by surface tension.


1992 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 3117-3122 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Shinada ◽  
H. Suzuki ◽  
S. Sasaki ◽  
H. Todokoro ◽  
H. Takano ◽  
...  

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