The Cohesion Degree Based Method for the Critical Rout Nodes Detection of Internet Backbone

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Lei ◽  
Liu Zhiming ◽  
Cao Jin ◽  
He Jin ◽  
Xie Di
Keyword(s):  
Internet Backbone ◽  
Cohesion Degree

scholarly journals GAMPAL: an anomaly detection mechanism for Internet backbone traffic by flow size prediction with LSTM-RNN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taku Wakui ◽  
Takao Kondo ◽  
Fumio Teraoka
Keyword(s):  
Anomaly Detection ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Traffic Information ◽  
Traffic Patterns ◽  
Detection Mechanism ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Internet Backbone ◽  
Backbone Network

AbstractThis paper proposes a general-purpose anomaly detection mechanism for Internet backbone traffic named GAMPAL (General-purpose Anomaly detection Mechanism using Prefix Aggregate without Labeled data). GAMPAL does not require labeled data to achieve general-purpose anomaly detection. For scalability to the number of entries in the BGP RIB (Border Gateway Protocol Routing Information Base), GAMPAL introduces prefix aggregate. The BGP RIB entries are classified into prefix aggregates, each of which is identified with the first three AS (Autonomous System) numbers in the AS_PATH attribute. GAMPAL establishes a prediction model for traffic sizes based on past traffic sizes. It adopts a LSTM-RNN (Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network) model that focuses on the periodicity of the Internet traffic patterns at a weekly scale. The validity of GAMPAL is evaluated using real traffic information, BGP RIBs exported from the WIDE backbone network (AS2500), a nationwide backbone network for research and educational organizations in Japan, and the dataset of an ISP (Internet Service Provider) in Spain. As a result, GAMPAL successfully detects anomalies such as increased traffic due to an event, DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks targeted at a stub organization, a connection failure, an SSH (Secure Shell) scan attack, and anomaly spam.

scholarly journals MAGNETRON SPUTTERED NANOCRYSTALLINE TiN THIN FILMS AND CORROSION PROPERTIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (35) ◽  
pp. 164-173
Author(s):  
Muslim Idan HAMIL ◽  
Mohammed K. KHALAF ◽  
Mundher AL-SHAKBAN
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Uncoated Sample ◽  
Tin Films ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tin Thin Films ◽  
Cohesion Degree ◽  
Thermally Treated

In this report, TiN nanocrystalline thin films were deposited on glass and Ti-6Al-4V substrates using a DC-magnetron sputtering technique. The TiN films were sputtered using a pure Ti target (99.9%) with 40W of power in Ar/N2 gas mixture atmosphere. The structure of the TiN films was characterized by X-Ray diffraction, as prepared films exhibited a (200) preferred orientation, while film annealed at 500 °C shows the (111), (200) and (311). Polycrystalline, cubic, (111)-orientated TiN films were produced by annealing temperature of 500 °C. The effect of deposited temperature on the microstructural morphologies of the thin films was studied by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). The particle size of the sputtered TiN films ranged from 50 to 70 nm and was strongly influenced by annealing temperatures, the morphology of the films deposited before and after annealing has a characteristic agglomeration of particles. Potentiodynamic polarization analysis of the TiN films confirms the inverse relationship between polarization resistance and corrosion current. The biocorrosion measurements for TiN films deposited on the Ti-6Al-4V substrate in 3.5% NaCl solution have also been obtained. Clear improvement in the corrosion resistance was observed rather than for untreated, especially for thermally annealed (500 oC) TiN/Ti-6Al-4V samples. The corrosion rate was 0.1458 mm/y for the uncoated sample, while 2.68510-4 mm/y for TiN/Ti-6Al-4V in samples after annealing. The average corrosion potential calculated was - 0.117 V. The results confirmed that coated alloys with 500 °C thermally treated exhibited a better electrochemical behavior compare with uncoated and non-thermally treated alloys possibly due to the better cohesion degree of the coatings.

Cognitive Social Exchange

2019 ◽  
pp. 273-288
Author(s):  
Sampoornam K. P.
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Error Control ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Receiver Side ◽  
Internet Backbone ◽  
Transmission Switching ◽  
Switching Unit ◽  
Telecommunications Network

This book chapter presents the role of telecommunications network in voice and data transmission. Switching, signaling and transmission are the technologies used to carry out this process. In landline call establishment, calls are routed from subscriber handset to a remote switching unit (RSU), a main switching unit (MSU), and to the internet protocol trunk automated exchange (IPTAX). Then, it is directed to the National Internet Backbone (NIB). On the receiver side, the IPTAX receives this signal from the NIB and directs to it to the MSU and RSU, respectively. The receiver side RSU delivers the information to the destination subscriber. In order to transmit the information from one place to other, it undergoes various process like modulation, demodulation, line coding, equalization, error control, bit synchronization and multiplexing, digitizing an analog message signal, and compression. This chapter also discusses the various services provided by BSNL and agencies governing the internet. Finally, it focuses on the National Internet Backbone facility of BSNL, India.

Network Infrastructure: The Internet Backbone

2004 ◽  
pp. 63-77
Author(s):  
Joan E. Ricart-Costa ◽  
Brian Subirana ◽  
Josep Valor-Sabatier
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Network Infrastructure ◽  
Internet Backbone
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