An approach to modelling long-term growth trends in software systems

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Lehman ◽  
J.F. Ramil ◽  
U. Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Software Systems ◽  
Growth Trends

Long-term growth trends of Abies delavayi and its physiological responses to a warming climate in the Cangshan Mountains, southwestern China

2022 ◽  
Vol 505 ◽  
pp. 119943
Author(s):  
Rao-Qiong Yang ◽  
Fan Zhao ◽  
Ze-Xin Fan ◽  
Shankar Panthi ◽  
Pei-Li Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Growth Trends ◽  
Warming Climate

Long-Term Growth Trends of Trees: Ten Years of Dendrochronological Studies in France

1996 ◽  
pp. 167-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Badeau ◽  
Michel Becker ◽  
Didier Bert ◽  
Jean Luc Dupouey ◽  
François Lebourgeois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Trends

Extracting environmentally driven growth trends from diameter increment series based on a multiplicative decomposition model

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1577-1589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaofang Yue ◽  
Ulrich Kohnle ◽  
Marc Hanewinkel ◽  
Joachim Klädtke
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Nonlinear Least Squares ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Multiplicative Decomposition ◽  
Growth Trends ◽  
Diameter Increment

The study developed a conceptual framework for partitioning the components of diameter increment to potentially detect the influence of environmental changes. This process consisted of two steps. First, a multiplicative decomposition diameter increment model was introduced to evaluate the influence of ageing, site quality, competition status, and thinning effects on individual tree growth. Second, generalized additive models were applied to identify the nonlinear dynamic of growth trends caused by environmental changes. The conceptual framework was then applied to Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) growing in southwest Germany. The database consisted primarily of tree ring series collected from trees cut from long-term experimental stands. Also, stand-level data were available from periodical remeasurements of these plots. The developed analytical technique effectively removed non-environment-related effects (ageing, site quality, and stand dynamic) from the growth signal provided in the diameter increment series. Growth trends deducted from estimates based on either nonlinear least squares, generalized nonlinear least squares, or nonlinear mixed-effects approaches displayed quite similar patterns. In general, the trend in diameter increment showed a long-term increase from the 1920s into the 1990s with a midterm depression in the 1940s that was followed by a significant decrease in the recent past.

Hybrid Information Systems for Agriculture: The Case of Cattle Trypanosomiasis in Africa

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain J. Mckendrick ◽  
George Gettinby ◽  
Yiqun Gu ◽  
Andrew Peregrine ◽  
Crawford Revie
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
Sub Saharan

Large scale population growth in sub-Saharan Africa makes it imperative to achieve an equivalent increase in food production in this area. It is also important that any increase be sustainable in the long-term, not causing lasting damage to local ecosystems. Recent advances in information technology make the successful diffusion of relevant expertise to farmers a more practical option than ever before. How this might be achieved is described in this paper, which considers the transfer of expertise in the diagnosis, treatment and management of trypanosomiasis in cattle. Using current technology, the combination of different software systems in one integrated hybrid system could allow the delivery of high quality, well focused information to the potential user.

scholarly journals Codes for NPP severe accident simulation: development, validation and applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
ARKADIY E. KISELEV
Keyword(s):  
Reactor Core ◽  
General Information ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Severe Accident ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Core Catcher ◽  
Accident Simulation ◽  
Integrated Software ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The software tools that describe various safety aspects of NPP with VVER reactor have been developed at the Nuclear Safety Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBRAE RAN). Functionally, the codes can be divided into two groups: the calculation codes that describe separate elements of NPP equipment and/or a group of processes and integrated software systems that allow solving the tasks of the NPP safety assessment in coupled formulation. In particular, IBRAE RAN in cooperation with the nuclear industry organizations has developed the integrated software package SOCRAT designed to analyze the behavior of NPP with VVER at various stages of beyond-design-basis accidents, including the stages of reactor core degradation and long-term melt retention in a core catcher. The general information about development, validation and applications of SOCRAT code is presented and discussed in the paper.

Growth trends of blue oak (Quercusdouglasii) in California

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1720-1724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane A. Kertis ◽  
Rob Gross ◽  
David L. Peterson ◽  
Michael J. Arbaugh ◽  
Richard B. Standiford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Coniferous Species ◽  
Growth Trends ◽  
Blue Oak ◽  
Soil Moisture Availability ◽  
High Precipitation

Long-term growth trends of blue oak (Quercusdouglasii Hook. & Arn.) at five sites in California were quantified and interpreted with respect to annual precipitation. Mean annual basal area increment (BAI) at sites with deep soil profiles or high precipitation was twice as great as growth at other sites. In general, BAI increased sharply during approximately the first 40 years of tree growth, then increased gradually or leveled off for the next 100 years. Limited data from older trees suggest that BAI decreases gradually after this point. Growth trends are relatively homogeneous within each site, but vary among sites. Most sites have relatively high correlations with precipitation compared with coniferous species at higher elevations. Interannual variation in soil moisture availability is clearly an important factor affecting annual growth of blue oak in the Mediterranean climate of California. This is the first known dendroecological study of blue oak growth trends.

REFACTORIZATION'S IMPACT ON SOFTWARE RELIABILITY

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
IRENEUSZ JÓŹWIAK ◽  
MAKSYMILIAN KOWALCZYK ◽  
ANDRZEJ PIOTROWICZ
Keyword(s):  
Software Reliability ◽  
Source Code ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Fundamental Study ◽  
Reliability Improvement ◽  
Code Structure

Software refactorization is a process of changing program's source code structure without changing its functionality. The purpose of the refactorization is to make program's source code easier to understand and maintain, which in turn influence the fact that in a long term such code should have fewer errors (be more reliable). In recent years many works described refactorization, but till now there are no researches, which would assess long term influence of refactoring on reliability. In this work we try to depict our fundamental study on software systems reliability improvement in context of refactoring. We tried to find the answer to the question: What are benefits of using refactorization as far as reliability is concerned?

scholarly journals Tree demography dominates long-term growth trends inferred from tree rings

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 474-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roel J. W. Brienen ◽  
Manuel Gloor ◽  
Guy Ziv
Keyword(s):  
Tree Rings ◽  
Growth Trends ◽  
Tree Demography

scholarly journals Lessons Learnt from Gauging Software Metrics of Cabin Software in a Commercial Airliner

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Burger ◽  
Oliver Hummel
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Software Metrics ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Lessons Learnt ◽  
Very High

In order to achieve high safety standards, avionic software needs to be developed with very high requirements regarding safety, reliability, and determinism as well as real-time constraints, which are often in conflict with the development of maintainable software systems. Nevertheless, the ability to change the software of an airplane is of increasing importance, since it consists of a multitude of partially hardware-specific subsystems which may need replacement during a plane’s lifespan of typically numerous decades. Thus, as a first step towards optimizing maintainability of avionic software we have benchmarked the cabin software of a commercial airliner with common software metrics. Such a benchmarking of avionic software contributes valuable insights into the current practice of developing critical software and the application of software metrics in this context. We conclude from the obtained results that it is important to pay more attention to long-term maintainability of aviation software. Additionally we have derived some initial recommendations for the development of future avionic software systems.

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