Discussion on location accuracy improvemed by propagation delay corrections for the Japanese lightning detection network

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michihiro Matsui ◽  
Akiko Sugita ◽  
Koji Michishita ◽  
Satoshi Kurihara ◽  
Nobuyuki Honjo
Keyword(s):  
Propagation Delay ◽  
Location Accuracy ◽  
Lightning Detection

scholarly journals Evaluation of the performance characteristics of the North American Lightning Detection Network based on extensive CN Tower lightning data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savdulla Kazazi
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Enhancement Effect ◽  
Return Stroke ◽  
Location Accuracy ◽  
Peak Current ◽  
The North ◽  
Current Estimation ◽  
Lightning Detection

The North American Lightning Detection Network (NALDN) has been providing lightning data since 1998. Important applications, such as detection of lightning-caused forest fires, power line fault locations and aviation safety procedures, have triggered a number of hardware and software upgrades for improving the network performance characteristics, including its detection efficiency and location accuracy. The NALDN performance characteristics are here evaluated based on the lightning currents measured at the CN Tower during three major storms (2005, 2011 and 2014). Each of these three storms followed one of the network’s substantial upgrades that took place in 2003-2004, 2010-2011 and 2013-2014. The major contribution of this extensive investigation is the determination of the network’s performance characteristics following each of the three major upgrades, which is expected to lead to additional upgrades. Since 1990, the lightning current derivatives of return strokes have been measured at the CN Tower. Its 553-m height has allowed the recording of the current derivative signals of many hundreds of return strokes. Also, imaging systems have been used to record trajectories of flashes to the tower. The evaluated performance characteristics of the network include return-stroke detection efficiency, location accuracy, and return-stroke polarity and peak current estimation. The 2013 NALDN deployment of LS7002 digital sensors with enhanced embedded software has substantially improved the sensitivity of the sensors leading to a greater return-stroke detection efficiency. Furthermore, the 2014 total lightning processor (TLP100) –designed with new algorithm - provides smaller time-of-arrival errors, leading to better location accuracy. Based on the 2014 storm evaluation, the numbers and polarities of NALDN-detected return strokes were perfectly matched with those recorded at the tower. Furthermore, based on the 2014 storm evaluation, the NALDN is found, as expected, to overestimate the current peak measured at the tower by a factor of 3.89, which is due to the field enhancement effect resulting from the high-speed of propagation of the current within the tall tower. The presented analysis shows that the latest NALDN upgrades (2013-2014), following the 2003-2004 and 2010-2011 upgrades, have substantially improved the NALDN performance characteristics, especially in terms of stroke-detection efficiency and location accuracy. Keywords: Tall-structure lightning; lightning detection; detection efficiency; location accuracy; peak current estimation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the performance characteristics of the North American Lightning Detection Network based on extensive CN Tower lightning data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savdulla Kazazi
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Enhancement Effect ◽  
Return Stroke ◽  
Location Accuracy ◽  
Peak Current ◽  
The North ◽  
Current Estimation ◽  
Lightning Detection

The North American Lightning Detection Network (NALDN) has been providing lightning data since 1998. Important applications, such as detection of lightning-caused forest fires, power line fault locations and aviation safety procedures, have triggered a number of hardware and software upgrades for improving the network performance characteristics, including its detection efficiency and location accuracy. The NALDN performance characteristics are here evaluated based on the lightning currents measured at the CN Tower during three major storms (2005, 2011 and 2014). Each of these three storms followed one of the network’s substantial upgrades that took place in 2003-2004, 2010-2011 and 2013-2014. The major contribution of this extensive investigation is the determination of the network’s performance characteristics following each of the three major upgrades, which is expected to lead to additional upgrades. Since 1990, the lightning current derivatives of return strokes have been measured at the CN Tower. Its 553-m height has allowed the recording of the current derivative signals of many hundreds of return strokes. Also, imaging systems have been used to record trajectories of flashes to the tower. The evaluated performance characteristics of the network include return-stroke detection efficiency, location accuracy, and return-stroke polarity and peak current estimation. The 2013 NALDN deployment of LS7002 digital sensors with enhanced embedded software has substantially improved the sensitivity of the sensors leading to a greater return-stroke detection efficiency. Furthermore, the 2014 total lightning processor (TLP100) –designed with new algorithm - provides smaller time-of-arrival errors, leading to better location accuracy. Based on the 2014 storm evaluation, the numbers and polarities of NALDN-detected return strokes were perfectly matched with those recorded at the tower. Furthermore, based on the 2014 storm evaluation, the NALDN is found, as expected, to overestimate the current peak measured at the tower by a factor of 3.89, which is due to the field enhancement effect resulting from the high-speed of propagation of the current within the tall tower. The presented analysis shows that the latest NALDN upgrades (2013-2014), following the 2003-2004 and 2010-2011 upgrades, have substantially improved the NALDN performance characteristics, especially in terms of stroke-detection efficiency and location accuracy. Keywords: Tall-structure lightning; lightning detection; detection efficiency; location accuracy; peak current estimation.

scholarly journals Performance Characteristics of Distinct Lightning Detection Networks Covering Belgium

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 942-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter R. Poelman ◽  
Wolfgang Schulz ◽  
Christian Vergeiner
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Location Accuracy ◽  
Lightning Detection ◽  
Cloud To Ground Lightning ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Electric Field Measurements ◽  
Meteorological Institute

Abstract This study reports results from electric field measurements coupled to high-speed camera observations of cloud-to-ground lightning to test the performance of lightning location networks in terms of its detection efficiency and location accuracy. The measurements were carried out in August 2011 in Belgium, during which 57 negative cloud-to-ground flashes, with a total of 210 strokes, were recorded. One of these flashes was followed by a continuing current of over 1 s—one of the longest ever observed in natural negative cloud-to-ground lightning. Lightning data gathered from the lightning detection network operated by the Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium [consisting of a network employing solely Surveillance et Alerte Foudre par Interférométrie Radioélectrique (SAFIR) sensors and a network combining SAFIR and LS sensors], the European Cooperation for Lightning Detection (EUCLID), Vaisala’s Global Lightning Detection network GLD360, and the Met Office’s long-range Arrival Time Difference network (ATDnet) are evaluated against this ground-truth dataset. It is found that all networks are capable of detecting over 90% of the observed flashes, but a larger spread is observed at the level of the individual strokes. The median location accuracy varies between 0.6 and 1 km, except for the SAFIR network, locating the ground contacts with 6.1-km median accuracy. The same holds for the reported peak currents, where a good correlation is found among the networks that provide peak current estimates, apart from the SAFIR network being off by a factor of 3.

Performance evaluation of the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network in eastern New York: 2. Location accuracy

1998 ◽  
Vol 103 (D8) ◽  
pp. 9057-9069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent P. Idone ◽  
Daniel A. Davis ◽  
Paul K. Moore ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Ronald W. Henderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Location Accuracy ◽  
Lightning Detection ◽  
The U.S

Materials Issues and Characterization of Low-k Dielectric Materials

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Todd Ryan ◽  
Andrew J. McKerrow ◽  
Jihperng Leu ◽  
Paul S. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Process Integration ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
Propagation Delay ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
General Criterion ◽  
Crosstalk Noise ◽  
Total Delay ◽  
Interlayer Dielectrics ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
And Performance

Continuing improvement in device density and performance has significantly affected the dimensions and complexity of the wiring structure for on-chip interconnects. These enhancements have led to a reduction in the wiring pitch and an increase in the number of wiring levels to fulfill demands for density and performance improvements. As device dimensions shrink to less than 0.25 μm, the propagation delay, crosstalk noise, and power dissipation due to resistance-capacitance (RC) coupling become significant. Accordingly the interconnect delay now constitutes a major fraction of the total delay limiting the overall chip performance. Equally important is the processing complexity due to an increase in the number of wiring levels. This inevitably drives cost up by lowering the manufacturing yield due to an increase in defects and processing complexity.To address these problems, new materials for use as metal lines and interlayer dielectrics (ILDs) and alternative architectures have surfaced to replace the current Al(Cu)/SiO2 interconnect technology. These alternative architectures will require the introduction of low-dielectric-constant k materials as the interlayer dielectrics and/or low-resistivity conductors such as copper. The electrical and thermomechanical properties of SiO2 are ideal for ILD applications, and a change to material with different properties has important process-integration implications. To facilitate the choice of an alternative ILD, it is necessary to establish general criterion for evaluating thin-film properties of candidate low-k materials, which can be later correlated with process-integration problems.

Low-Dielectric-Constant Materials for ULSI Interlayer-Dielectric Applications

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei William Lee ◽  
Paul S. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Packing Density ◽  
Propagation Delay ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Crosstalk Noise ◽  
Metal Line ◽  
Total Delay ◽  
Interlayer Dielectric ◽  
Low Dielectric ◽  
Interconnect Delay ◽  
Interconnect Technology

Continuing improvement of microprocessor performance historically involves a decrease in the device size. This allows greater device speed, an increase in device packing density, and an increase in the number of functions that can reside on a single chip. However higher packing density requires a much larger increase in the number of interconnects. This has led to an increase in the number of wiring levels and a reduction in the wiring pitch (sum of the metal line width and the spacing between the metal lines) to increase the wiring density. The problem with this approach is that—as device dimensions shrink to less than 0.25 μm (transistor gate length)—propagation delay, crosstalk noise, and power dissipation due to resistance-capacitance (RC) coupling become significant due to increased wiring capacitance, especially interline capacitance between the metal lines on the same metal level. The smaller line dimensions increase the resistivity (R) of the metal lines, and the narrower interline spacing increases the capacitance (C) between the lines. Thus although the speed of the device will increase as the feature size decreases, the interconnect delay becomes the major fraction of the total delay and limits improvement in device performance.To address these problems, new materials for use as metal lines and interlayer dielectrics (ILD) as well as alternative architectures have been proposed to replace the current Al(Cu) and SiO2 interconnect technology.

Updated Efficient Area -Carry Select Adder for Low Complexity D LATCH Configuration by disease identification in brain tumor hyper spectral image

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa V.V ◽  
Anand. B
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Propagation Delay ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Hyper Spectral ◽  
Ripple Carry Adder ◽  
Minimum Power Consumption ◽  
Carry Select Adder ◽  
The Look ◽  
Propagation Result

Objective: In this research work presents an efficient way Carry Select Adder (CSLA) performance and estimation. The CSLA is utilized in several system to mitigate the issue of carry propagation delay that is happens by severally generating various carries and to get the sum, select a carry because of the uses of various pairs of RCA to provide the sum of the partial section also carry by consisting carry input but the CSLA isn't time economical, then by the multiplexers extreme total and carry is chosen in the selected section. Methodology: The fundamental plan of this work is to attain maximum speed and minimum power consumption by using Binary to Excess-1. Convertor rather than RCA within the regular CSLA. Here RCA denotes the Ripple Carry Adder section. At the span to more cut back the facility consumption, a method of CSLA with D LATCH is implemented during this research work. The look of Updated Efficient Area -Carry Select Adder (UEA-CSLA) is evaluated and intended in XILINX ISE design suite 14. 5 tools. This VLSI arrangement is utilized in picture preparing application by concluding the cerebrum tumor discovery. Conclusion: In this study, medicinal pictures estimation, investigation districts in the multi phantom picture isn't that much proficient to defeat this disadvantage here utilized hyper spectral picture method is presented a sifting procedure in VLSI innovation restriction of cerebrum tumor is performed Updated Efficient Area - Carry Select Adder propagation result dependent on Matrix Laboratory in the adaptation of R2018b.

Study on Optimization of the Number of DF Stations

2014 ◽  
Vol 709 ◽  
pp. 485-490
Author(s):  
Xiang Wu ◽  
Jun Jun Zong ◽  
Xun Xue Cui ◽  
Chuan Xu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Direction Finding ◽  
Location Error ◽  
Location Accuracy ◽  
Error Models ◽  
Reasonable Number ◽  
Simulation Results

Reasonable number of direction finding station is examined in multi-station bearing-crossing location. Though it is believed that increasing the number of station is helpful to improve the location accuracy, In the paper, the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) as an example. The algorithms and the location error models are given. The simulation results show that the location accuracy will be improved quickly with the increase of the number of the measuring participants, but the improvement will be sharply slowed down if too many station involved, which also boost the complexity of location.

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