Temporal-spatial distribution and First Flush Effect of precipitation runoff pollution in Kunming urban area after the once-in-a-century drought

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenrui Mo ◽  
Senlin Tian ◽  
Jianhong Huang ◽  
Qingwei Guo ◽  
Zhencheng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
First Flush ◽  
First Flush Effect ◽  
Runoff Pollution

Runoff pollution characterization and first flush effect of urban roof catchment

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 262-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyue Zhang ◽  
Jingli Fan ◽  
Zhennan Shi ◽  
Yuhua Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Flush ◽  
First Flush Effect ◽  
Runoff Pollution

scholarly journals Occurrence of tuberculosis cases in Crato, Ceará, from 2002 to 2011: a spatial analisys of specific standards

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayrla Lima Pinto ◽  
Talina Carla da Silva ◽  
Lidiane Cristina Félix Gomes ◽  
Maria Rita Bertolozzi ◽  
Lourdes Milagros Mendoza Villavicencio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Kernel Method ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Point Pattern ◽  
Hybrid Design ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Population Groups

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the spatial distribution of tuberculosis in Crato, Ceará, Brazil, from 2002 to 2011, aiming to check for a point pattern. METHODS: This is an ecological, temporal trend and hybrid design study, with a quantitative approach. A total of 261 cases of tuberculosis were geo-referenced and 20 (7.1%) were considered as losses due to the lack of address. The profile of patients in 10 years of study was in accordance with the following pattern: men aged between 20 and 59 years, with low schooling, affected by the pulmonary form of tuberculosis and who were cured from the disease. RESULTS: The analysis of the spatial distribution of tuberculosis points out that in the period of study, new cases of the disease were not distributed on a regular basis, indicating a clustered spatial pattern, confirmed by the L-function. The map with the density of new cases estimated by the Kernel method showed that the "hot" areas are more concentrated in the vicinity of the central urban area. CONCLUSION: The study allowed pointing out areas of higher and lower concentration of tuberculosis, identifying the spatial pattern, but it also recognized that the disease has not reached all of the population groups with the same intensity. Those who were most vulnerable were the ones who lived in regions with higher population densities, precarious living conditions, and with intense flow of people.

A new modeling approach for estimating first flush metal mass loading

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.-H. Kim ◽  
M. Kayhanian ◽  
S.-L. Lau ◽  
M.K. Stenstrom
Keyword(s):  
First Flush ◽  
Runoff Coefficient ◽  
Mass Loading ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Metal Contaminants ◽  
Rain Intensity ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Variable Parameters ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
First Flush Effect

The purpose of this study was to investigate pollutant mass loading from major highways in Southern California, with emphasis on interpretation of event mean concentrations and first flush effects. The results of monitoring eight sites during the 1999–2002 storm seasons found that metal contaminants had higher concentrations at the early stages of storm events compared with other stages of rain storms. A new washoff model was developed to predict the event mean concentrations of metal contaminants taking first flush effect into account. Model variable parameters included average daily traffic, antecedent dry period, rain intensity, total runoff volume, and runoff coefficient. The results obtained using the washoff model were compared with measured values and found to fit well for heavy metals with R2 ranging from 0.8 to 0.95.

Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soils of an Industry-Based Peri-Urban Area in Wuxi, China

Pedosphere ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Feng ZHAO ◽  
Xue-Zheng SHI ◽  
Biao HUANG ◽  
Dong-Sheng YU ◽  
Hong-Jie WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Agricultural Soils

scholarly journals First flush of storm runoff pollution from an urban catchment in China

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-qing LI ◽  
Cheng-qing YIN ◽  
Qing-ci HE ◽  
Ling-li KONG
Keyword(s):  
Storm Runoff ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Runoff Pollution

scholarly journals Rapid Mapping and Annual Dynamic Evaluation of Quality of Urban Green Spaces on Google Earth Engine

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 670
Author(s):  
Qiang Chen ◽  
Cuiping Zhong ◽  
Changfeng Jing ◽  
Yuanyuan Li ◽  
Beilei Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Dynamic Evaluation ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Rapid Mapping ◽  
Google Earth Engine

In order to achieve the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to green spaces, monitoring dynamic urban green spaces (UGSs) in cities around the world is crucial. Continuous dynamic UGS mapping is challenged by large computation, time consumption, and energy consumption requirements. Therefore, a fast and automated workflow is needed to produce a high-precision UGS map. In this study, we proposed an automatic workflow to produce up-to-date UGS maps using Otsu’s algorithm, a Random Forest (RF) classifier, and the migrating training samples method in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. We took the central urban area of Beijing, China, as the study area to validate this method, and we rapidly obtained an annual UGS map of the central urban area of Beijing from 2016 to 2020. The accuracy assessment results showed that the average overall accuracy (OA) and kappa coefficient (KC) were 96.47% and 94.25%, respectively. Additionally, we used six indicators to measure quality and temporal changes in the UGS spatial distribution between 2016 and 2020. In particular, we evaluated the quality of UGS using the urban greenness index (UGI) and Shannon’s diversity index (SHDI) at the pixel level. The experimental results indicate the following: (1) The UGSs in the center of Beijing increased by 48.62 km2 from 2016 to 2020, and the increase was mainly focused in Chaoyang, Fengtai, and Shijingshan Districts. (2) The average proportion of relatively high and above levels (UGI > 0.5) in six districts increased by 2.71% in the study area from 2016 to 2020, and this proportion peaked at 36.04% in 2018. However, our result revealed that the increase was non-linear during this assessment period. (3) Although there was no significant increase or decrease in SHDI values in the study area, the distribution of the SHDI displayed a noticeable fluctuation in the northwest, southwest, and northeast regions of the study area between 2016 and 2020. Furthermore, we discussed and analyzed the influence of population on the spatial distribution of UGSs. We found that three of the five cold spots were located in the east and southeast of Haidian District. Therefore, the proposed workflow could provide rapid mapping and dynamic evaluation of the quality of UGS.

scholarly journals PATTERN OF TICK SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF A FRAGMENT OF FOREST IN AN URBAN AREA, THROUGH A SURVEY BY CO2 TRAP

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-464
Author(s):  
A.F.S.F. Rodrigues ◽  
C.M.O. Monteiro ◽  
L.S. Rosa ◽  
L. Dabés
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Amblyomma Cajennense ◽  
Aggregate Distribution ◽  
Brazilian Spotted Fever ◽  
One Year ◽  
Wild Hosts

ABSTRACT The study of the ixodofauna in fragments of woods in an urban area is important to the knowledge of species of tick and the dynamic among wild and domestic hosts, allowing to subsidize proposals for the conservation of the fauna and the control of zoonoses such as Brazilian spotted fever. To accomplish the survey, CO2 traps were built up in six different sites of the forest, during a oneyear period, totalizing 12 collections. The ixodids were collected by monitoring the traps and the adjacent vegetation during two hours and put in ethanol 70° GL. At the laboratory they were identified under the stereoscopic optics. At the end of a one-year period of study 2.122 ixodids were colleted, being 793 larvae (37,3%) and 1.277 nymphs (57,8%) of the genus Amblyomma and 102 were adults (4,9%) of the Amblyomma species. The most constant species was Amblyomma cajennense, present in 83,33% of the collections (71 specimen) followed by Amblyomma dubitatum, present in 50% (30 specimen), and Amblyomma calcaratum, 8,33% (one specimen). The observations showed that in the observed environment the populations of Ixodidae have an aggregate distribution, possibly because of the aggregate distribution of the resource, in the case wild hosts.

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