Cost-Benefit Trade-Off Analysis Using BBN for Aspect-Oriented Risk-Driven Development

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.H. Houmb ◽  
G. Georg ◽  
R. France ◽  
J. Bieman ◽  
J. Jurjens
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Trade Off

scholarly journals Understanding and Encouraging Online Reviewing With a Selection-Based Review System

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 446-464
Author(s):  
Rowanne Fleck ◽  
Benjamin R Cowan ◽  
Eirini Darmanin ◽  
Yixin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Online Reviews ◽  
Review System ◽  
Personal View ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Consumer Reviews ◽  
Online Consumer Reviews ◽  
Mobile Interface ◽  
Online Consumer ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Online consumer reviews are important for people wishing to make purchases online. However, not everyone contributes online reviews. This paper looks at consumer motivations of reviewing and rating behaviour in order to motivate the design of a mobile interface for online reviewing. An interview study found that people tend to contribute reviews and ratings based on their perception of whether they would be helpful or not to others as well as their own personal view of the usefulness of reviews and ratings when buying products. There also seems to be a cost-benefit trade-off that influences people’s decisions to review and rate: people tend to make a decision based on the perceived value of that review or rating to the community against the effort and costs of contributing. A mobile interface was designed that was intended both to reduce the cost of leaving reviews and to increase the perception of the usefulness of the reviews to others. An initial evaluation of this reviewing interface suggests that it could encourage more people to leave reviews.

scholarly journals Use of Tumor Markers in Gastrointestinal Cancers: Surgeon Perceptions and Cost-Benefit Trade-Off Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1165-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amish Acharya ◽  
Sheraz R. Markar ◽  
Michael Matar ◽  
Melody Ni ◽  
George B. Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
Trade Off

scholarly journals The computational cost of active information sampling prior to decision making under uncertainty

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Petitet ◽  
Bahaaeddin Attaallah ◽  
Sanjay G Manohar ◽  
Masud Husain
Keyword(s):  
Time Pressure ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Hidden Cost ◽  
Information Sampling

Humans often seek information to minimise the pervasive effect of uncertainty on decisions. Current theories explain how much knowledge people should gather prior to a decision, based on the cost-benefit structure of the problem at hand. Here, we demonstrate that this framework omits a crucial agent-related factor: the cognitive effort expended while collecting information. Using a novel paradigm, we unveil a speed-efficiency trade-off whereby more informative samples actually take longer to find. Crucially, under sufficient time pressure, humans can break this trade-off, sampling both faster and more efficiently. Computational modelling demonstrates the existence of a hidden cost of cognitive effort which, when incorporated into theoretical models, provides a better account of people's behaviour and also predicts self-reported fatigue accumulated during active sampling. By measuring metacognitive accuracy and uncertainty-reward preferences on a static, passive version of the task, we further validate the theoretical constructs captured by our model. Overall, the results show that the way people seek knowledge to guide their decisions is shaped not only by task-related costs and benefits, but also crucially by the quantifiable computational costs incurred.

Exploring the Culture of Surveillance: A Qualitative Study in Portugal

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-95
Author(s):  
Délcio Faustino ◽  
Maria João Simões
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Surveillance Culture ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Subjective Meanings

By following the theoretical framework of the surveillance culture this article aims to detail the surveillance imaginaries and practices that individuals have, capturing differences and social inequalities among respondents. We present an in-depth look into surveillance awareness, exploring subjective meanings and the varying awareness regarding commercial, governmental, and lateral surveillance. Furthermore, a detailed analysis is made on how individuals sometimes welcome surveillance, expanding on the cost-benefit trade-off, and detailing it on three distinct trade-offs: the privacy vs. commercial gains/rewards, the privacy vs. convenience and, the privacy vs. security. Lastly, we present a section that explores and analyzes resistance to surveillance.

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