scholarly journals Design-effort alloy: Boosting a highly tuned primary core with untuned alternate cores

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliott Forbes ◽  
Niket K. Choudhary ◽  
Brandon H. Dwiel ◽  
Eric Rotenberg
Keyword(s):  
Primary Core

The Association between Audit Manager and Auditor-In-Charge Experience, Effort, and Risk Responsiveness

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Contessotto ◽  
W. Robert Knechel ◽  
Robyn A. Moroney
Keyword(s):  
Audit Quality ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
The Core ◽  
Specific Experience ◽  
Primary Core ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Audit Team ◽  
Industry Experience ◽  
Jel Classifications ◽  
Core Role

SUMMARY Audit quality is dependent on the experience and effort of the audit team to identify and respond to client risks (risk responsiveness). Central to each team are the core role holders who plan and execute the audit. While many studies treat the partner as the primary core role holder, the manager and auditor-in-charge (AIC) are also important. Using data for engagements from two midtier firms, we analyze the association between the experience and relative effort of the manager and AIC and risk responsiveness. We find a manager's client-specific experience is associated with risk responsiveness for non-listed clients but find no evidence that the general or industry experience of a manager, or the experience of the AIC, is associated with risk responsiveness. The client-specific experience and relative effort of the partner is associated with risk responsiveness. These results suggests that managers can provide an important, albeit limited, contribution to the audit. JEL Classifications: M2. Data Availability: The data were made available to the researchers on the understanding that they will remain confidential.

scholarly journals KEAGENAN BANK DALAM PERSPEKTIF COMMON LAW SYSTEM

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Andika Persada Putera
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Fund ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Law System ◽  
Core Business ◽  
Primary Core ◽  
Common Law System ◽  
Sales Agent ◽  
Principal Supervision

<p><em>The rapid development of the national economy and banking external environment, causing banking activities not only engage in activities that are primary (core business), but also non-core business such as agency activities as Mutual Fund Sales Agent (APERD) and Bancassurance. </em><em>In the concept of the common law system, the agency as the center of all business affairs as a business owner can not do your own business, so delegating affairs to agents as a mediator. There is a legal relationships and trust (fiduciary relationship) between the principal and the agent acting on behalf principal. In addition, there is an element of supervision of the principal to the agent so that the agent must comply under the supervision of the principal. Supervision is an essential element that determines the existence of an agency relationship, so it is a vertical relationship between principal and agent. The principal control components in the form of action directives, orders, limitation of power agents and monitoring the agent's action.</em><strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals The Two Pathophysiologies of Focal Brain Ischemia: Implications for Translational Stroke Research

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1310-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin-Alexander Hossmann
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Focal Ischemia ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Stroke Research ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Free Interval ◽  
Postischemic Recirculation ◽  
Primary Core ◽  
Focal Brain Ischemia

Brain injury after focal ischemia evolves along two basically different pathophysiologies, depending on the severity of the primary flow reduction and the dynamics of postischemic recirculation. In permanent and gradually reversed focal ischemia as after thromboembolic occlusion, primary core injury is irreversible but the expansion of the core into the penumbra can be alleviated by hemodynamic and molecular interventions. Such alleviation can only be achieved within 3 hours after the onset of ischemia because untreated core injury expands to near maximum size during this interval. In promptly reversed transient ischemia as after mechanical vascular occlusion, primary core injury may recover but a secondary delayed injury evolves after a free interval of as long as 6 to 12 hours. This injury can be alleviated throughout the free interval but the longer window is without clinical relevance because transient mechanical vascular occlusion is not a model of naturally occurring stroke. As this difference is widely ignored in stroke research, most clinical trials have been designed with a far too long therapeutic window, which explains their failure. Transient mechanical vascular occlusion models should, therefore, be eliminated from the repertoire of preclinical stroke research.

scholarly journals Emerging crosstalk between two signaling pathways coordinates K+ and Na+ homeostasis in the halophyte Hordeum brevisubulatum

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (14) ◽  
pp. 4345-4358
Author(s):  
Haiwen Zhang ◽  
Hao Feng ◽  
Junwen Zhang ◽  
Rongchao Ge ◽  
Liyuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
K Channel ◽  
Interacting Proteins ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Voltage Gated ◽  
Primary Core ◽  
High Salt Stress ◽  
Hordeum Brevisubulatum

Abstract K+/Na+ homeostasis is the primary core response for plant to tolerate salinity. Halophytes have evolved novel regulatory mechanisms to maintain a suitable K+/Na+ ratio during long-term adaptation. The wild halophyte Hordeum brevisubulatum can adopt efficient strategies to achieve synergistic levels of K+ and Na+ under high salt stress. However, little is known about its molecular mechanism. Our previous study indicated that HbCIPK2 contributed to prevention of Na+ accumulation and K+ reduction. Here, we further identified the HbCIPK2-interacting proteins including upstream Ca2+ sensors, HbCBL1, HbCBL4, and HbCBL10, and downstream phosphorylated targets, the voltage-gated K+ channel HbVGKC1 and SOS1-like transporter HbSOS1L. HbCBL1 combined with HbCIPK2 could activate HbVGKC1 to absorb K+, while the HbCBL4/10–HbCIPK2 complex modulated HbSOS1L to exclude Na+. This discovery suggested that crosstalk between the sodium response and the potassium uptake signaling pathways indeed exists for HbCIPK2 as the signal hub, and paved the way for understanding the novel mechanism of K+/Na+ homeostasis which has evolved in the halophytic grass.

scholarly journals Biomarker evidence for nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterial blooms in a brackish surface layer in the Nile River plume during sapropel deposition

Geology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1088-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole J. Bale ◽  
Rick Hennekam ◽  
Ellen C. Hopmans ◽  
Denise Dorhout ◽  
Gert-Jan Reichart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Nile River ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Heterocystous Cyanobacteria ◽  
Primary Core ◽  
Sediment Layers

Abstract Sapropels are organic-rich sediment layers deposited in the eastern Mediterranean Sea during precession minima, resulting from an increase in export productivity and/or preservation. Increased freshwater delivery from the African continent resulted in stratification, causing deepwater anoxia, while nutrient input stimulated productivity, presumably at the deep chlorophyll maximum. Previous studies have suggested that during sapropel deposition, nitrogen fixation was widespread in the highly stratified surface waters, and that cyanobacteria symbiotic with diatoms (diatom-diazotroph associations, DDAs) were responsible. Here we analyzed sapropel S5 sediments for heterocyst glycolipids (HGs) from three locations in the eastern Mediterranean. HG biomarkers can differentiate between those heterocystous cyanobacteria that are free living (found predominately in freshwater or brackish environments) and those that are from DDAs (found in marine settings). In our primary core, from a location which would have been influenced by the Nile River outflow, we detected a HG with a pentose (C5) head group specific for DDAs. However, HGs with a hexose (C6) head group, specific to free-living cyanobacteria, were present in substantially (up to 60×) higher concentration. These data suggest that at our study location, free-living cyanobacteria were the dominant diazotrophs, rather than DDAs. The C6 HGs increased substantially at the onset of sapropel S5 deposition, suggesting that substantial seasonal cyanobacterial blooms were associated with a brackish surface layer flowing from the Nile into the eastern Mediterranean. Two additional S5 sapropels were analyzed, one also from the Nile delta region and one from the region between Libya and southwestern Crete. Overall, comparison of the HG distribution in the three S5 sapropels provides evidence that all three locations were initially influenced by surface salinities that were sufficiently low to support free-living heterocystous cyanobacteria. While free-living heterocystous cyanobacteria continued to outnumber DDAs during sapropel deposition at the two Nile-influenced sites, DDAs, indicators of persistent marine salinities, were the dominant diazotrophs in the upper part of the sapropel at the more westerly site. These results indicate that N2 fixation by free-living cyanobacteria offers an important additional mechanism to stimulate productivity in regions with strong river discharge during sapropel deposition.

Construction and evaluation of a primary core collection of apricot germplasm in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhu Wang ◽  
Junhuan Zhang ◽  
Haoyuan Sun ◽  
Ning Ning ◽  
Li Yang
Keyword(s):  
Core Collection ◽  
Primary Core

scholarly journals Keagenan Bank dalam Perspektif Common Law System

2016 ◽  
pp. 175-187
Author(s):  
Andika Persada Putera
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Fund ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Law System ◽  
Core Business ◽  
Primary Core ◽  
Common Law System ◽  
Sales Agent ◽  
Principal Supervision

The rapid development of the national economy and banking external environment, causing banking activities not only engage in activities that are primary (core business), but also non-core business such as agency activities as Mutual Fund Sales Agent (APERD) and Bancassurance. In the concept of the common law system, the agency as the center of all business affairs as a business owner can not do your own business, so delegating affairs to agents as a mediator. There is a legal relationships and trust (fiduciary relationship) between the principal and the agent acting on behalf principal. In addition, there is an element of supervision of the principal to the agent so that the agent must comply under the supervision of the principal. Supervision is an essential element that determines the existence of an agency relationship, so it is a vertical relationship between principal and agent. The principal control components in the form of action directives, orders, limitation of power agents and monitoring the agent's action

scholarly journals Globular pattern formation of hierarchical ceria nanoarchitecture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noboru Aoyagi ◽  
Ryuhei Motokawa ◽  
Masahiko Okumura ◽  
Takumi Saito ◽  
Shotaro Nishitsuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Dissipative Structures ◽  
Ordered Structures ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Acidic Aqueous Solution ◽  
Multiphase Mixture ◽  
Stability And Instability ◽  
Primary Core ◽  
Far From Equilibrium ◽  
Crystal Seed

Abstract Dissipative structures often appear as an unstable counterpart of ordered structures owing to fluctuations that do not form a homogeneous phase. Even a multiphase mixture may simultaneously undergo one chemical reaction near equilibrium and another one that is far from equilibrium. Here, we observed in real time crystal seed formation and simultaneous nanocrystal aggregation proceeding from CeIV complexes to CeO2 nanoparticles in an acidic aqueous solution, and investigated the resultant hierarchical nanoarchitecture. The formed particles exhibited two very different size ranges. The hierarchically assembled structures in solutions were CeO2 colloids, viz. primary core clusters (1–3 nm) of crystalline ceria and secondary clusters (20–30 nm) assembled through surface ions. Such self-assembly is widespread in multi-component complex fluids, paradoxically moderating hierarchical reactions. Stability and instability are not only critical but also complementary for co-optimisation around the nearby free energy landscape prior to bifurcation.

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