Investigation of the Effect of Adding Stem Cells-as an Therapeutic Suggestion-on the Immune System's Response to the Cancerous Cells: A Mathematical Approach

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Veisi ◽  
Samin Ravanshadi ◽  
Heydar Khadem ◽  
Zahra Veisi ◽  
Samin Ravanshadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mathematical Approach ◽  
Therapeutic Suggestion ◽  
Cancerous Cells

scholarly journals The evolving concept of cancer and metastasis stem cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 198 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irène Baccelli ◽  
Andreas Trumpp
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cancer Stem Cell ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Cellular Composition ◽  
Tumor Mass ◽  
Tumor Relapse ◽  
Cancerous Cells ◽  
Heterogeneous Tumor

The cancer stem cell (CSC) concept, which arose more than a decade ago, proposed that tumor growth is sustained by a subpopulation of highly malignant cancerous cells. These cells, termed CSCs, comprise the top of the tumor cell hierarchy and have been isolated from many leukemias and solid tumors. Recent work has discovered that this hierarchy is embedded within a genetically heterogeneous tumor, in which various related but distinct subclones compete within the tumor mass. Thus, genetically distinct CSCs exist on top of each subclone, revealing a highly complex cellular composition of tumors. The CSC concept has therefore evolved to better model the complex and highly dynamic processes of tumorigenesis, tumor relapse, and metastasis.

scholarly journals Modeling and Analyzing Stem-Cell Therapy toward Cancer: Evolutionary Game Theory Perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra VEISI ◽  
Heydar KHADEM ◽  
Samin RAVANSHADI
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Evolutionary Game Theory ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Replicator Equations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cancerous Cells

Background: Immunotherapy is a recently developed method of cancer therapy, aiming to strengthen a patient’s immune system in different ways to fight cancer. One of these ways is to add stem cells into the patient’s body. Methods: The study was conducted in Kermanshah, western Iran, 2016-2017. We first modeled the interaction between cancerous and healthy cells using the concept of evolutionary game theory. System dynamics were analyzed employing replicator equations and control theory notions. We categorized the system into separate cases based on the value of the parameters. For cases in which the system converged to undesired equilibrium points, “stem-cell injection” was employed as a therapeutic suggestion. The effect of stem cells on the model was considered by reforming the replicator equations as well as adding some new parameters to the system. Results: By adjusting stem cell-related parameters, the system converged to desired equilibrium points, i.e., points with no or a scanty level of cancerous cells. In addition to the theoretical analysis, our simulation results suggested solutions were effective in eliminating cancerous cells. Conclusion: This model could be applicable to different types of cancer, so we did not restrict it to a specific type of cancer. In fact, we were seeking a flexible mathematical framework that could cover different types of cancer by adjusting the system parameters.

scholarly journals Precancerous liver diseases do not cause increased mutagenesis in liver stem cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luan Nguyen ◽  
Myrthe Jager ◽  
Ruby Lieshout ◽  
Petra E. de Ruiter ◽  
Mauro D. Locati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Primary Liver Cancer ◽  
Alcoholic Cirrhosis ◽  
Mutational Signatures ◽  
Direct Mechanism ◽  
Liver Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Mutagenesis ◽  
Cancerous Cells

AbstractInflammatory liver disease increases the risk of developing primary liver cancer. The mechanism through which liver disease induces tumorigenesis remains unclear, but is thought to occur via increased mutagenesis. Here, we performed whole-genome sequencing on clonally expanded single liver stem cells cultured as intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids (ICOs) from patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Surprisingly, we find that these precancerous liver disease conditions do not result in a detectable increased accumulation of mutations, nor altered mutation types in individual liver stem cells. This finding contrasts with the mutational load and typical mutational signatures reported for liver tumors, and argues against the hypothesis that liver disease drives tumorigenesis via a direct mechanism of induced mutagenesis. Disease conditions in the liver may thus act through indirect mechanisms to drive the transition from healthy to cancerous cells, such as changes to the microenvironment that favor the outgrowth of precancerous cells.

scholarly journals Characterization of brain cancer stem cells: a mathematical approach

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Turner ◽  
A. R. Stinchcombe ◽  
M. Kohandel ◽  
S. Singh ◽  
S. Sivaloganathan
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Mathematical Approach

Highlights on Specific Biological Targets; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors, Ras Protein, and Cancer Stem Cells in Anticancer Drug Development

Drug Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (09) ◽  
pp. 471-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hawash
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors ◽  
Ras Protein ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinases ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Cancerous Cells

AbstractCancer is the second leading cause of death in worldwide, because of that we need a great effort to discover, determine and understand the main pathways and mechanism of action of new novel anticancer drugs, which highly selective on the cancerous cells over the normal cells. The traditional approaches to the treat cancer depend on surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, according to the medicinal reports the chemotherapy is still the main procedure in the cancer cure or treatment till nowadays, and it is one of the main factors that drops the mortality of cancer in the last years. In the past decades the chemotherapeutic agents were used in the cancer treatment without clear understand on which target, protein, or enzyme that is working, and it was making the inhibition on the whole family of enzymes or receptors which lead to high toxicity and side effects, but nowadays the anticancer agents work with high selectivity on specific subtype of clear targets, and these targets usually present in high percentage in the cancerous cells. In this review article we will summarize some of these specific targets for anticancer drugs like Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR), Ras protein, and Cancer stem cells, finally, we will mention some anticancer drugs which approved by FDA in 2018 which work on specific targets.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Dynamics in Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regulate the Invasion Activity of Trophoblast

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Seok ◽  
Sujin Jun ◽  
Jung Ok Lee ◽  
Gi Jin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
Atp Synthesis ◽  
Trophoblast Invasion ◽  
Ubiquitin Protein Ligase ◽  
Extracellular Flux ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Cancerous Cells

Mitochondrial dynamics are involved in many cellular events, including the proliferation, differentiation, and invasion/migration of normal as well as cancerous cells. Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PD-MSCs) were known to regulate the invasion activity of trophoblasts. However, the effects of PD-MSCs on mitochondrial function in trophoblasts are still insufficiently understood. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to analyze the factors related to mitochondrial function and investigate the correlation between trophoblast invasion and mitophagy via PD-MSC cocultivation. We assess invasion ability and mitochondrial function in invasive trophoblasts according to PD-MSC cocultivation by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and extracellular flux (XF) assay. Under PD-MSCs co-cultivation, invasion activity of a trophoblast is increased via activation of the Rho signaling pathway as well as Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Additionally, the expression of mitochondrial function (e.g., reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis) in trophoblasts are increased via PD-MSCs co-cultivation. Finally, PD-MSCs regulate mitochondrial autophagy factors in invasive trophoblasts via regulating the balance between PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (PARKIN) expression. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PD-MSCs enhance the invasion ability of trophoblasts via altering mitochondrial dynamics. These results support the fundamental mechanism of trophoblast invasion via mitochondrial function and provide a new stem cell therapy for infertility.

Proliferation and multi-differentiation potentials of human mesenchymal stem cells on thermoresponsive PDMS surfaces grafted with PNIPAAm

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 455-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyan Shi ◽  
Dan Ma ◽  
Feiqing Dong ◽  
Chen Zong ◽  
Liyue Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Repair of deep skin burn defects with cultured epidermal stem cells and acellular amniotic membranes

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. S39-S39
Author(s):  
Dewu Liu ◽  
Honglan Xiong ◽  
Yuangui Mao ◽  
Peixin Huang ◽  
Jianping Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Epidermal Stem Cells ◽  
Skin Burn ◽  
Amniotic Membranes
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