Spectral Correlations in Speaker-Listener Behavior During a Focused Duo Conversation using EEG

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemalatha Sasidharakurup ◽  
Chaitanya Nutakki ◽  
Arathi Rajendran ◽  
Parvathy Venugopal ◽  
Mahima Sumon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listener Behavior

scholarly journals NAMING AND CATEGORIZATION IN YOUNG CHILDREN: II. LISTENER BEHAVIOR TRAINING

2004 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline J. Horne ◽  
C. Fergus Lowe ◽  
Valerie R. L. Randle
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Listener Behavior

scholarly journals Reevaluating pragmatic reasoning in language games

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248388
Author(s):  
Les Sikos ◽  
Noortje J. Venhuizen ◽  
Heiner Drenhaus ◽  
Matthew W. Crocker
Keyword(s):  
Word Meaning ◽  
Referential Communication ◽  
Language Games ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Listener Behavior ◽  
Listener Responses ◽  
Communication Games ◽  
Interactive Nature ◽  
Pragmatic Reasoning

The results of a highly influential study that tested the predictions of the Rational Speech Act (RSA) model suggest that (a) listeners use pragmatic reasoning in one-shot web-based referential communication games despite the artificial, highly constrained, and minimally interactive nature of the task, and (b) that RSA accurately captures this behavior. In this work, we reevaluate the contribution of the pragmatic reasoning formalized by RSA in explaining listener behavior by comparing RSA to a baseline literal listener model that is only driven by literal word meaning and the prior probability of referring to an object. Across three experiments we observe only modest evidence of pragmatic behavior in one-shot web-based language games, and only under very limited circumstances. We find that although RSA provides a strong fit to listener responses, it does not perform better than the baseline literal listener model. Our results suggest that while participants playing the role of the Speaker are informative in these one-shot web-based reference games, participants playing the role of the Listener only rarely take this Speaker behavior into account to reason about the intended referent. In addition, we show that RSA’s fit is primarily due to a combination of non-pragmatic factors, perhaps the most surprising of which is that in the majority of conditions that are amenable to pragmatic reasoning, RSA (accurately) predicts that listeners will behave non-pragmatically. This leads us to conclude that RSA’s strong overall correlation with human behavior in one-shot web-based language games does not reflect listener’s pragmatic reasoning about informative speakers.

scholarly journals Towards an Engagement-Aware Attentive Artificial Listener for Multi-Party Interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catharine Oertel ◽  
Patrik Jonell ◽  
Dimosthenis Kontogiorgos ◽  
Kenneth Funes Mora ◽  
Jean-Marc Odobez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Nonverbal Cues ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Listener Behavior ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
Gaze Patterns ◽  
Listening Behavior

Listening to one another is essential to human-human interaction. In fact, we humans spend a substantial part of our day listening to other people, in private as well as in work settings. Attentive listening serves the function to gather information for oneself, but at the same time, it also signals to the speaker that he/she is being heard. To deduce whether our interlocutor is listening to us, we are relying on reading his/her nonverbal cues, very much like how we also use non-verbal cues to signal our attention. Such signaling becomes more complex when we move from dyadic to multi-party interactions. Understanding how humans use nonverbal cues in a multi-party listening context not only increases our understanding of human-human communication but also aids the development of successful human-robot interactions. This paper aims to bring together previous analyses of listener behavior analyses in human-human multi-party interaction and provide novel insights into gaze patterns between the listeners in particular. We are investigating whether the gaze patterns and feedback behavior, as observed in the human-human dialogue, are also beneficial for the perception of a robot in multi-party human-robot interaction. To answer this question, we are implementing an attentive listening system that generates multi-modal listening behavior based on our human-human analysis. We are comparing our system to a baseline system that does not differentiate between different listener types in its behavior generation. We are evaluating it in terms of the participant’s perception of the robot, his behavior as well as the perception of third-party observers.

scholarly journals Emergent Intraverbal and Reverse Intraverbal Behavior Following Listener Training in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger Karin Almås ◽  
Dean P. Smith ◽  
Sigmund Eldevik ◽  
Svein Eikeseth
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Listener Behavior ◽  
Intraverbal Behavior ◽  
Listener Training

AbstractWe evaluated whether intraverbal and reverse intraverbal behavior emerged following listener training in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Six participants were each taught three sets of three “when?” questions in listener training. A multiple baseline design across behaviors (stimulus sets) was used to assess the effects of listener training. Results showed that intraverbal behavior emerged following listener training for five out of six participants. One participant received additional listener training and intraverbal training before intraverbal behavior emerged. Furthermore, reverse intraverbal responding occurred across all three sets of questions for three of the six participants. Establishing listener behavior may be a pathway for emergent intraverbal and reverse intraverbal responding in children with ASD. Future research could examine what skill repertoire may facilitate such transfer.

Game Theory in Pragmatics: Evolution, Rationality, and Reasoning

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Franke
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Probabilistic Reasoning ◽  
Pragmatic Language ◽  
Rational Solutions ◽  
Listener Behavior ◽  
Rational Decision Making ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
Game Theoretic Pragmatics

Game theory provides formal means of representing and explaining action choices in social decision situations where the choices of one participant depend on the choices of another. Game theoretic pragmatics approaches language production and interpretation as a game in this sense. Patterns in language use are explained as optimal, rational, or at least nearly optimal or rational solutions to a communication problem. Three intimately related perspectives on game theoretic pragmatics are sketched here: (i) the evolutionary perspective explains language use as the outcome of some optimization process, (ii) the rationalistic perspective pictures language use as a form of rational decision-making, and (iii) the probabilistic reasoning perspective considers specifically speakers’ and listeners’ beliefs about each other. There are clear commonalities behind these three perspectives, and they may in practice blend into each other. At the heart of game theoretic pragmatics lies the idea that speaker and listener behavior, when it comes to using a language with a given semantic meaning, are attuned to each other. By focusing on the evolutionary or rationalistic perspective, we can then give a functional account of general patterns in our pragmatic language use. The probabilistic reasoning perspective invites modeling actual speaker and listener behavior, for example, as it shows in quantitative aspects of experimental data.

scholarly journals The acquisition of two phonetic cues to word boundaries

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 815-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
MELISSA A. REDFORD ◽  
CHRISTINA E. GILDERSLEEVE-NEUMANN
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Syllable Structure ◽  
Timing Control ◽  
Listener Behavior ◽  
Adult Control ◽  
Perceptual Judgments ◽  
Differential Acquisition ◽  
Word Boundaries ◽  
Phonetic Cues

ABSTRACTThe study evaluated whether durational and allophonic cues to word boundaries are intrinsic to syllable production, and so acquired with syllable structure, or whether they are suprasyllabic, and so acquired in phrasal contexts. Twenty preschool children (aged 3 ; 6 and 4 ; 6) produced: (1) single words with simple and complex onsets (e.g.nailvs.snail); and (2) two-word phrases with intervocalic consonant sequences and varying boundary locations (e.g.this nailvs.bittysnail). Comparisons between child and adult control productions showed that the durational juncture cue was emergent in the four-year-olds' productions of two-word phrases, but absent elsewhere. In contrast, the allophonic cue was evident even in the three-year-olds' productions of single words. Perceptual judgments showed that age- and type-dependent acoustic differences translated into differences in listener behavior. The differential acquisition of the two juncture cues is discussed with reference to the acquisition of articulatory timing control.

scholarly journals PENGARUH IKLAN RADIO DAN PERILAKU PENDENGAR STUDI PADA IKLAN RADIO DAN PERILAKU PENDENGAR DALAM ACARA DAKWAH ISLAM DI RADIO RASETA FM MALANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 120-148
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fauzi ◽  
Ahmad Bukhori
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Good Service ◽  
Listener Behavior ◽  
Radio Broadcasting ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Promotional Messages ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Way

In the field of marketing, it is in need of adequate media to convey its business promotional messages. The atmosphere of competition makes various promotional patterns to attract consumers as much as possible. Advertising, for example, this one has the characteristics and need a delicate consideration for the selection of suitable media. Advertising media that is common instead of television and print is radio. Radio ads have their own characteristics compared to other media. The company's effort to create satisfaction can be done through the quality of service provided. The maximum quality of service directly can give the maximum consumers' expectation. By having good service quality then they can fulfil all forms of demand for products or services offered to consumers. Quality of service in accordance with the expectations of consumers by itself will support the company's efforts in order to achieve the goals set by the company both short and long-term, including in the business of radio broadcasting. In the end, it can influence the listener behaviour. Da'wah is the way to invite, call and influence people to always adhere to the teachings of Allah SWT in order to obtain the happiness of life in the world and hereafter. Inviting to the way of Allah SWT is our obligation. The success of his invitation reflects the prospect and preservation of future Islamic developments, for the advancement and retreat of religion rests with the adherents of His followers. Keywords: radio advertising, listener behavior, da'wah

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