Energy Northwest Columbia Generating Station Proposed Enhancements: Transformation of Mothballed Nuclear Facilities into Hydrogen Oxygen Energy Storage and Electrical Generation Facilities

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Charles Grant
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Nuclear Facilities ◽  
Electrical Generation

scholarly journals Emissions Effects of Energy Storage for Frequency Regulation: Comparing Battery and Flywheel Storage to Natural Gas

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 549
Author(s):  
Eric Pareis ◽  
Eric Hittinger
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Storage System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Electrical Generation

With an increase in renewable energy generation in the United States, there is a growing need for more frequency regulation to ensure the stability of the electric grid. Fast ramping natural gas plants are often used for frequency regulation, but this creates emissions associated with the burning of fossil fuels. Energy storage systems (ESSs), such as batteries and flywheels, provide an alternative frequency regulation service. However, the efficiency losses of charging and discharging a storage system cause additional electrical generation requirements and associated emissions. There is not a good understanding of these indirect emissions from charging and discharging ESSs in the literature, with most sources stating that ESSs for frequency regulation have lower emissions, without quantification of these emissions. We created a model to estimate three types of emissions (CO2, NOX, and SO2) from ESSs providing frequency regulation, and compare them to emissions from a natural gas plant providing the same service. When the natural gas plant is credited for the generated electricity, storage systems have 33% to 68% lower CO2 emissions than the gas turbine, depending on the US eGRID subregion, but higher NOX and SO2 emissions. However, different plausible assumptions about the framing of the analysis can make ESSs a worse choice so the true difference depends on the nature of the substitution between storage and natural gas generation.

scholarly journals Methodology for the Optimal Design of a Hybrid Charging Station of Electric and Fuel Cell Vehicles Supplied by Renewable Energies and an Energy Storage System

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Higinio Sánchez-Sáinz ◽  
Carlos-Andrés García-Vázquez ◽  
Francisco Llorens Iborra ◽  
Luis M. Fernández-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Design System ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Electrical Generation

The global energy system is changing, mainly to achieve sustainable transport technologies and clean electrical generation based on renewable sources. Thus, as fuels, electricity and hydrogen are the most promising transport technologies in order to reduce greenhouse emissions. On the other hand, photovoltaic and wind energies, including energy storage, have become the main sources of distributed generation. This study proposes a new optimal-technical sizing method based on the Simulink Design Optimization of a stand-alone microgrid with renewable energy sources and energy storage to provide energy to a wireless power transfer system to charge electric vehicles along a motorway and to a hydrogen charging station for fuel cell-powered buses. The results show that the design system can provide energy for the charging of electric vehicles along the motorway and produce the hydrogen consumed by the fuel cell-buses plus a certain tank reserve. The flexibility of the study allows the analysis of other scenarios, design requirements, configurations or types of microgrids.

Proof-of-Concept Combined Shrouded Wind Turbine and Compressed Air Energy Storage System

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenaniah Langness ◽  
Daniel Kolsky ◽  
Tyler Busch ◽  
Colin Davidson ◽  
Christopher Depcik
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Compressed Air Energy Storage ◽  
Demand Fluctuations ◽  
Electrical Generation

As the push for renewable energy sources continues, one significant drawback over fossil fuels is that they are not reliable. Wind is not guaranteed at all times, and the sun does not always shine. Moreover, the demand for electricity is variable due to daily and seasonal swings in power draw from the grid. Conventional power plants can increase or reduce production to meet seasonal demand, but usually cannot meet daily fluctuations. Therefore, power plants must maintain a relatively high level of electrical generation capacity throughout the day even if the current demand is low. A prime place to focus upon electrical demand fluctuations and the unreliability of the renewable sources is at the location of the changes in demand. Homes often sit vacant throughout the day and draw little power from the grid. When residents return in the late afternoon and evening, a sudden increase in demand occurs. To address this increase in demand at a local level, a small-scale proof-of-concept shrouded wind turbine (SWT) and compressed air energy storage (CAES) system was designed, built, and tested for an undergraduate capstone design project. The concept is that a small SWT charges the CAES system and when the residents return, the energy stored within the CAES system is released lessening the demand on the main electrical grid. The SWT was investigated due to the theorized increase in efficiency that the shroud provides by accelerating the air beyond ambient velocity at the location of the turbine blades. The CAES system consisted of a three-stage compressor that filled a high-pressure scuba tank. This air was then released in a controlled manner in order to operate an air motor coupled to an alternator that generated electricity. Testing of the SWT found that the prototype was too small to power the compressors for the CAES; however, the concept of the SWT was shown to hold true. Experiments using the CAES system demonstrated significant losses, but it did generate electricity. The small-scale prototype did reveal that the idea of focusing on the source of the power fluctuations is a viable option. As a result, by using many small power production and storage devices, the overall daily swings in demand for electricity can be corrected to levels that current power plants can meet.

scholarly journals Characterizing Meteorological Forecast Impact on Microgrid Optimization Performance and Design

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane ◽  
Parker ◽  
Vaucher ◽  
Berman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Hybrid Microgrid ◽  
Electrical Grids ◽  
Forecast Interval ◽  
Electrical Generation

A microgrid consists of electrical generation sources, energy storage assets, loads, and the ability to function independently, or connect and share power with other electrical grids. Thefocus of this work is on the behavior of a microgrid, with both diesel generator and photovoltaic resources, whose heating or cooling loads are influenced by local meteorological conditions. Themicrogrid's fuel consumption and energy storage requirement were then examined as a function of the atmospheric conditions used by its energy management strategy (EMS). A fuel-optimal EMS, able to exploit meteorological forecasts, was developed and evaluated using a hybrid microgrid simulation. Weather forecast update periods ranged from 15 min to 24 h. Four representative meteorological sky classifications (clear, partly cloudy, overcast, or monsoon) were considered. Forall four sky classifications, fuel consumption and energy storage requirements increased linearly with the increasing weather forecast interval. Larger forecast intervals lead to degraded weather forecasts, requiring more frequent charging/discharging of the energy storage, increasing both the fuel consumption and energy storage design requirements. The significant contributions of this work include the optimal EMS and an approach for quantifying the meteorological forecast effects on fuel consumption and energy storage requirements on microgrid performance. The findings of this study indicate that the forecast interval used by the EMS affected both fuel consumption and energy storage requirements, and that the sensitivity of these effects depended on the 24-hour sky conditions.

An Investigation of Reversing Axial Turbomachinery for Thermal Energy Storage Application

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Harris ◽  
Tom Wolf ◽  
Jim Kesseli ◽  
Robert B. Laughlin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Aerodynamic Design ◽  
Pump Mode ◽  
Energy Storage Application ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Electrical Generation

Abstract This paper investigates the feasibility of reversing axial turbomachinery for a thermal energy storage application. Under the proposed concept, the direction of flow and spool rotation is reversed when changing from electrical generation to heat pump mode, and the axial turbomachinery components function as either a compressor or turbine depending on the energy storage system’s mode of operation. Such reversing pump-turbines are widely used in pumped hydro installations but have not been employed for compressible flow applications to our knowledge to date. The preliminary aerodynamic design approach for the reversing blade geometry is described, followed by a CFD-based evaluation of turbomachinery performance for the case of a 50MW thermal storage plant. The demand for high efficiency in both modes leads to an unconventional design with a large number of stages for a given pressure ratio. A statorless counter-rotating architecture is utilized for efficiency considerations, and to reduce the overall number of turbomachinery components. Initial CFD results indicate that the reversing axial turbomachinery is capable of achieving high efficiency in both modes of operation, and of satisfying the performance goals of the thermal energy storage application.

scholarly journals Data science to investigate temperature profiles of large networks of food refrigeration systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corneliu Arsene
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Hvac Systems ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Electrical Generation ◽  
Storage Technologies ◽  
Critical Situations

The electrical generation and transmission infrastructures of many countries are under increased pressure. This partially reflects the move towards low carbon economies and the increased reliance on renewable power generation systems. There has been a reduction in the use of traditional fossil fuel generation systems, which provide a stable base load, and this has been replaced with more unpredictable renewable generation. As a consequence, the available load on the grid is becoming more unstable. To cope with this variability, the UK National Grid has placed emphasis on the investigation of various technical mechanisms (e.g. implementation of smart grids, energy storage technologies, auxiliary power sources, Demand Side Response (DSR)), which may be able to prevent critical situations, when the grid may become sometimes unstable. The successful implementation of these mechanisms may require large numbers of electrical consumers (e.g. HVAC systems, food refrigeration systems) for example to make additional investments in energy storage technologies (i.e. food refrigeration systems) or to integrate their electrical demand from industrial processes into the National Grid (i.e. HVAC systems). However, for food refrigeration systems, during these critical situations, even if the thermal inertia within refrigeration systems may maintain effective performance of the device for a short period of time (e.g. under 1 minute) when the electrical input load into the system is reduced, this still carries the paramount risk of food safety even for very short periods of time (e.g. 1 under minute). Therefore before considering any future actions (e.g. investing in energy storage technologies) to prevent the critical situations when grid becomes unstable, it is also needed to understand during the normal use how the temperature profiles evolve along the time inside these massive networks of food refrigeration systems during either shorter (i.e. minutes) or longer periods of time (i.e. days, months) and this paper presents this.

scholarly journals Short Term Energy Storage on Grid

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Kazokoglu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Electric Grid ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Unit Energy ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Electrical Generation ◽  
Term Storage

This paper summarizes short term storage applications for electric grid that are available today. It focuses on U.S. Electric grid and current challenges of interconnected electrical generation and distribution. Differences between short term and long term energy storage systems are explained with more detail on short term technologies, current and the possible applications on electric grid. For comparison purposes rated power discharge times, reaction times, life cycles as well as per unit power and per unit energy costs are presented.

Progress and perspectives on halide lithium conductors for all-solid-state lithium batteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1429-1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaona Li ◽  
Jianwen Liang ◽  
Xiaofei Yang ◽  
Keegan R. Adair ◽  
Changhong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Electrochemical Stability ◽  
Superionic Conductors ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Synthesis Routes

This review focuses on fundamental understanding, various synthesis routes, chemical/electrochemical stability of halide-based lithium superionic conductors, and their potential applications in energy storage as well as related challenges.

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