Impact of road traffic incidents on pollutant emissions

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio F. Coelho ◽  
J. M. Bandeira ◽  
Margarida C. Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Traffic Incidents

scholarly journals Traffic noise feedback in agent-based Integrated Land-Use/Transport Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico Kuehnel ◽  
Dominik Ziemke ◽  
Rolf Moeckel
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Agent Based

Road traffic is a common source of negative environmental externalities such as noise and air pollution. While existing transport models are capable of accurately representing environmental stressors of road traffic, this is less true for integrated land-use/transport models. So-called land-use-transport-environment models aim to integrate environmental impacts. However, the environmental implications are often analyzed as an output of the model only, even though research suggests that the environment itself can have an impact on land use. The few existing models that actually introduce a feedback between land-use and environment fall back on aggregated zonal values. This paper presents a proof of concept for an integrated, microscopic and agent-based approach for a feedback loop between transport-related noise emissions and land-use. The results show that the microscopic link between the submodels is operational and fine-grained analysis by different types of agents is possible. It is shown that high-income households react differently to noise exposure when compared low-income households. The presented approach opens new possibilities for analyzing and understanding noise abatement policies as well as issues of environmental equity. The methodology can be transferred to include air pollutant emissions in the future.

scholarly journals The system analysis and mathematical modeling road accidents in the metropolis

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
A. G. Davidovsky ◽  
A. M. Linnik
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Traffic Incidents ◽  
Day Of The Week ◽  
Pedestrian Collisions

The article presents the results of correlation analysis of the causes of road accidents in such a modern metropolis as Minsk. Has been identified the most frequent causes of road accidents, including pedestrian collisions caused by drivers, collisions at intersections, incidents at controlled and unregulated pedestrian crossings, as well as on the roadway. The dependence of transport incidents on the time of day, day of the week and month of the year was investigated. Shows the periods when road traffic incidents occur from 3.00 to 6.00 h, from 15.00 to 18.00 and from 21.00 to 24.00 on Monday, Friday and Sunday in January, March, June, September, October and November. Methods of correlation and multiple regression analysis can be the basis of preventive traffic safety management in a modern metropolis.

scholarly journals Potentially Replaceable Car Trips: Assessment of Potential Modal Change towards Active Transport Modes in Vitoria-Gasteiz

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Delso ◽  
Belén Martín ◽  
Emilio Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Personal Safety ◽  
Distance Threshold ◽  
Distance Calculation ◽  
Modal Change ◽  
Threshold Approach

Road traffic is the most important contributor to noise and air pollutant emissions in cities. Its substitution by non-motorized modes therefore has great potential to improve the urban environment while increasing levels of physical activity among the population. This paper identifies car trips that could potentially be transferred to active modes such as walking and cycling, and analyses the barriers perceived by people who travel by car. We detect potentially replaceable car trips based on a mobility survey, distance calculation, and a distance threshold approach. The answers to a set of questions in the mobility survey allow us to identify the perceived barriers for use of the bicycle, applied to Vitoria-Gasteiz (Spain). The results show that between 30% and 40% of car trips could be replaced by active modes. Personal safety and distance results are the most limiting barriers perceived by car users, while physical condition and technique are the most limiting ones for bicycle users. These results provide valuable information for implementing measures to promote the replacement of motorized trips with walking and cycling.

scholarly journals Managing information in road traffic: best practices

2018 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Karolina Lubieniecka-Kocoń
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Information Management ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
High Density ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Traffic Incidents ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
Effective Use

When considering road safety, applying the appropriate infrastructure and methods of using it occurs. Thus, it seem important to ask the question not only how to gather the information, but also, how to manage it. Possessing information does not equal using it, therefore, there have been analysed the methods used to gather and manage the information concerning the traffic incidents and the warnings about the conditions that could possibly increase the probability of the occurrence of such happenings. The comparative analysis and short overview have been performed for the requirements of hereby article so as to address the abovementioned issues. Those have led to creating short portfolio of most interesting solutions that may be applicable to the systems monitoring the safety in high density road infrastructure. The conclusions try to answer the questions which highlight the correlation that is perceived between the effective use of the chosen method and the information management approach, as well as the correlation between the scope of the investment performed and the effectiveness of the launched solution. It may happen the latter may not be directly linked with the former, although it cannot be denied that many of the systems are usually a bit expensive.

The Initial Prehospital Management of Traumatic Brain Injuries in Kigali, Rwanda

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-537
Author(s):  
Ashley Rosenberg ◽  
Leoncie Mukeshimana ◽  
Alphosine Uwamahoro ◽  
Myles Dworkin ◽  
Vizir Nsengimana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Prehospital Care ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Traffic Incidents ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Pain Medications ◽  
Prehospital Management ◽  
Care Capacity

AbstractIntroduction:Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are an important cause of mortality and disability around the world. Early intervention and stabilization are necessary to obtain optimal outcomes, yet little is written on the topic in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The aim is to provide a descriptive analysis of patients with TBI treated by Service d’Aide Medicale Urgente (SAMU), the prehospital ambulance service in Kigali, Rwanda.Hypothesis/Problem:What is the incidence and nature of TBI seen on the ambulance in Kigali, Rwanda?Methods:A retrospective descriptive analysis was performed using SAMU records captured on an electronic database from December 2012 through May 2016. Variables included demographic information, injury characteristics, and interventional data.Results:Patients with TBIs accounted for 18.0% (n = 2,012) of all SAMU cases. The incidence of TBIs in Kigali was 234 crashes per 100,000 people. The mean age was 30.5 (SD = 11.5) years and 81.5% (n = 1,615) were men. The most common mechanisms were road traffic incidents (RTIs; 78.5%, n = 1,535), assault (10.7%, n=216), and falls (7.8%, n=156). Most patients experienced mild TBI (Glasgow Coma Score [GCS] ≥ 13; 83.5%, n = 1,625). The most common interventions were provision of pain medications (71.0%, n = 1,429), placement of a cervical collar (53.6%, n = 1,079), and administration of intravenous fluids (48.7%, n = 979). In total, TBIs were involved in 67.0% of all mortalities seen by SAMU.Conclusion:Currently, TBIs represent a large burden of disease managed in the prehospital setting of Kigali, Rwanda. These injuries are most often caused by RTIs and were observed in 67% of mortalities seen by SAMU. Rwanda has implemented several initiatives to reduce the incidence of TBIs with a specific emphasis on road safety. Further efforts are needed to better prevent these injuries. Countries seeking to develop prehospital care capacity should train providers to manage patients with TBIs.

scholarly journals Influence of transport activity on environmental factors in Petroşani Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 305 ◽  
pp. 00041
Author(s):  
Sorin Mihăilescu ◽  
Gabriel Praporgescu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Transport Activity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Development Plans

Economic development is closely linked to the mobility needs of communities. The main pillars supporting sustainable development are society, the environment and the economy, and the diagnosis of the current situation, the identification of solutions, the development plans and their implementation lead to sustainable development in terms of transport activity. As the Petroşani Basin has a high degree of urbanization, the negative effects of increased road traffic are particularly pronounced in the central areas of the cities. Of the environmental factors, air is the most obvious and most important factor in human health. Taking into account the national and European Community targets in terms of climate change mitigation, the reduction of air and noise pollution and greenhouse gas emissions is becoming a priority objective. Thus, by limiting the growth of road traffic and the adoption of strategic measures in the Petroşani Basin, a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter levels will also be achieved. According to these trends, achieving a clean public transport system and sustainable (like electrical buses) and having infrastructure for the use of electric bicycles and trotters can do for sure reducing the pollutant emissions.

scholarly journals Emissions Impact of Road Traffic Incidents Using Advanced Traveller Information Systems in a Regional Scale

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Fontes ◽  
A. Lemos ◽  
P. Fernandes ◽  
S.R. Pereira ◽  
J.M. Bandeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Traffic Incidents

Highway Traffic Incident Detection and Optimal Sensor Placement Layout

2013 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 460-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Bai ◽  
Qi Sheng Wu ◽  
Mei Yang ◽  
Lan Xin Wei ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Incident Detection ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Traffic Incidents ◽  
Traffic Incident ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Traffic Incident Management

Traffic incident detection is critical to the core of the traffic incident management process. In order to study the highway traffic incident detection algorithm and the layout spacing of the fixed detector, under the assumptions of the linear traffic flow, to detect traffic incidents as the goal, using TransModeler traffic simulation software to simulate the highway traffic conditions from Xian to Hanzhong, getting the changes in the macroscopic traffic parameters before and after the traffic incident, and analysis of the data, finally puts forward the optimal layout of spacing of basic road traffic incident detection.

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