scholarly journals Potentially Replaceable Car Trips: Assessment of Potential Modal Change towards Active Transport Modes in Vitoria-Gasteiz

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Delso ◽  
Belén Martín ◽  
Emilio Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Personal Safety ◽  
Distance Threshold ◽  
Distance Calculation ◽  
Modal Change ◽  
Threshold Approach

Road traffic is the most important contributor to noise and air pollutant emissions in cities. Its substitution by non-motorized modes therefore has great potential to improve the urban environment while increasing levels of physical activity among the population. This paper identifies car trips that could potentially be transferred to active modes such as walking and cycling, and analyses the barriers perceived by people who travel by car. We detect potentially replaceable car trips based on a mobility survey, distance calculation, and a distance threshold approach. The answers to a set of questions in the mobility survey allow us to identify the perceived barriers for use of the bicycle, applied to Vitoria-Gasteiz (Spain). The results show that between 30% and 40% of car trips could be replaced by active modes. Personal safety and distance results are the most limiting barriers perceived by car users, while physical condition and technique are the most limiting ones for bicycle users. These results provide valuable information for implementing measures to promote the replacement of motorized trips with walking and cycling.

scholarly journals Traffic noise feedback in agent-based Integrated Land-Use/Transport Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico Kuehnel ◽  
Dominik Ziemke ◽  
Rolf Moeckel
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Agent Based

Road traffic is a common source of negative environmental externalities such as noise and air pollution. While existing transport models are capable of accurately representing environmental stressors of road traffic, this is less true for integrated land-use/transport models. So-called land-use-transport-environment models aim to integrate environmental impacts. However, the environmental implications are often analyzed as an output of the model only, even though research suggests that the environment itself can have an impact on land use. The few existing models that actually introduce a feedback between land-use and environment fall back on aggregated zonal values. This paper presents a proof of concept for an integrated, microscopic and agent-based approach for a feedback loop between transport-related noise emissions and land-use. The results show that the microscopic link between the submodels is operational and fine-grained analysis by different types of agents is possible. It is shown that high-income households react differently to noise exposure when compared low-income households. The presented approach opens new possibilities for analyzing and understanding noise abatement policies as well as issues of environmental equity. The methodology can be transferred to include air pollutant emissions in the future.

NEMO project: developing a N-RSD (Noise Remote Sensing Device) to identify high noise emitters in the road traffic flow

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (5) ◽  
pp. 1773-1783
Author(s):  
Maximilian Ertsey-Bayer ◽  
Nikolas Kirchhoff ◽  
Sonia Alves ◽  
Bert Peeters ◽  
Viggo Henriksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Driving Conditions

NEMO (Noise and Emissions MOnitoring and Radical mitigation) is a research project aiming at developing an autonomous system to detect noise and air pollutant emissions from individual vehicles within the traffic flow. The objective is to identify high emitters within the normal traffic. For noise, a high emitter is a vehicle that is either in a poor or modified condition (e.g., with an illegal or malfunctioning exhaust) or that is driven in a noisy way (fast acceleration, high engine speed in low gear, etc.). A vehicle that has been type approved, is well maintained, and is driven under normal conditions is never a high-emitter vehicle, even if it is subjectively perceived as annoying. A Noise Remote Sensing Device (N-RSD) is being developed. This device will capture, for each individual vehicle, the driving conditions (vehicle speed, acceleration, engine speed and load) and the single-event noise levels and spectral characteristics. The noise levels will be normalized to comparable driving conditions and fed into a classification model. The classification model will then be able to identify the high emitters vehicles. When finished, the NEMO system will allow cities and road authorities to reduce annoyance and health impacts from noisy and polluting vehicles, for instance by raising awareness among drivers or by restricting access to low emission zones.

Reducing cardiovascular health impacts from traffic-related noise and air pollution: intervention strategies

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (02) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason H. Curran ◽  
Helen D. Ward ◽  
Mona Shum ◽  
Hugh W. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Road Traffic Noise

Recent studies suggest that exposure to both traffic-related air pollution (TrAP) and to road traffic noise (RTN) are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). While the exact pathophysiologic mechanisms are not known, plausible biological models exist for both associations. This paper describes interventions and mitigating measures aimed at reducing both air and noise pollution emitted from traffic. Nine types of interventions are examined within the four strategic themes of (i) land-use planning and transportation management, (ii) reduction of vehicle emissions, (iii) modification of existing structures, and (iv) behavioral change. Not all interventions result in concomitant reductions of air and noise pollutant exposures. Most interventions that rely on a scientific basis to reduce CVD are directed at reducing TrAP. Interventions identified with the greatest potential benefits focus on the pollutant source, such as reductions in traffic volume and air pollutant emissions, and are more easily realized, and likely cheaper, if they are considered in the land-use planning stages with less reliance on behavioral changes.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Road Traffic Reorganization on Air Quality: A Street Canyon Case Study

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 695
Author(s):  
Marek Bogacki ◽  
Robert Oleniacz ◽  
Mateusz Rzeszutek ◽  
Paulina Bździuch ◽  
Adriana Szulecka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Commercial Vehicles ◽  
The Road ◽  
Management Changes ◽  
The Impact

One of the elements of strategy aimed at minimizing the impact of road transport on air quality is the introduction of its reorganization resulting in decreased pollutant emissions to the air. The aim of the study was to determine the optimal strategy of corrective actions in terms of the air pollutant emissions from road transport. The study presents the assessment results of the emission reduction degree of selected pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, and NOx) as well as the impact evaluation of this reduction on their concentrations in the air for adopted scenarios of the road management changes for one of the street canyons in Krakow (Southern Poland). Three scenarios under consideration of the city authorities were assessed: narrowing the cross-section of the street by eliminating one lane in both directions, limiting the maximum speed from 70 km/h to 50 km/h, and allowing only passenger and light commercial vehicles on the streets that meet the Euro 4 standard or higher. The best effects were obtained for the variant assuming banning of vehicles failing to meet the specified Euro standard. It would result in a decrease of the yearly averaged PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations by about 8–9% and for NOx by almost 30%.

scholarly journals Quantifying Air Pollutant Emission from Agricultural Machinery Using Surveys—A Case Study in Anhui, China

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
Yi Ai ◽  
Yunshan Ge ◽  
Zheng Ran ◽  
Xueyao Li ◽  
Zhibing Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Road Traffic Emissions ◽  
Using Data

Diesel-powered agricultural machinery (AM) is a significant contributor to air pollutant emissions, including nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). However, the fuel consumption and pollutant emissions from AM remain poorly quantified in many countries due to a lack of accurate activity data and emissions factors. In this study, the fuel consumption and air pollutant emission from AM were estimated using a survey and emission factors from the literature. A case study was conducted using data collected in Anhui, one of the agricultural provinces of China. The annual active hours of AM in Anhui ranged 130 to 175 h. The estimated diesel fuel consumption by AM was 1.45 Tg in 2013, approximately 25% of the total diesel consumption in the province. The air pollutants emitted by AM were 57 Gg of carbon monoxide, 14 Gg of hydrocarbon, 74 Gg of NOx and 5.7 Gg of PM in 2013. The NOx and PM emissions from AM were equivalent to 17% and 22% of total on-road traffic emissions in Anhui. Among nine types of AM considered, rural vehicles are the largest contributors to fuel consumption (31%) and air emissions (33–45%).

2268-PUB: Level of Physical Activity and Perceived Barriers to Exercise in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in Argentina

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 2268-PUB
Author(s):  
CAROLINA GOMEZ MARTIN ◽  
MARIA L. POMARES ◽  
CAROLINA M. MURATORE ◽  
SUSANA APOLONI ◽  
PABLO J. AVILA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Barriers To Exercise

MITIGATION OF HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS: VACUUM vs. CONVENTIONAL SEWER SYSTEM

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Lazar ◽  
Iulia Carmen Ciobotici Terryn ◽  
Andreea Cocarcea
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Hazardous Air Pollutant
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