A testbed to explore the optimal electrical stimulation parameters for suppressing inter-ictal spikes in human hippocampal slices

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Chi Hsiao ◽  
Pen-Ning Yu ◽  
Dong Song ◽  
Charles Y. Liu ◽  
Christi N. Heck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Hippocampal Slices ◽  
Stimulation Parameters

Timing and duration of low voltage electrical stimulation on selected meat quality characteristics of light and heavy cattle carcasses

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 967
Author(s):  
E. C. Webb ◽  
B. Agbeniga
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Sarcomere Length ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Drip Loss ◽  
Early Application ◽  
Early Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Parameters

Context The present study investigated the effects of several electrical-stimulation parameters with conventional chilling of heavy- and light-grade carcasses from commercial feedlot cattle on selected meat-quality attributes. Aims The aim was to determine the combination of electrical-stimulation parameters that produced the most desirable results in terms of meat quality, which will serve as a guide to processors seeking to enact best processes in the meat industry. Methods Low-voltage electrical stimulation (110 V peak, 17 pulses/s, 5-ms pulse width) was applied either early post-mortem (PM) at 7 min or late PM at 45 min, for either 30 or 60 s on steer carcasses (n = 98) divided into two weight categories (light (≤260 kg) and heavy (≥290 kg) grades). The Longissimus lumborum muscle was evaluated for sarcomere length, myofibril fragment length (MFL), calpain-1, calpastatin, shear force and drip loss (3 and 14 days PM). Key results There were no significant differences in sarcomere length and no sarcomere shortening was observed. There were minor inconsistencies where early stimulation coincided with marginally longer MFL at 3 and 14 days PM, while late stimulation produced the shortest MFL at 14 days PM. Higher decline in calpain-1 concentration (mean 36.2%) was recorded in the early stimulated carcasses compared with the late stimulated carcasses (mean 29.7%) from 1 to 24 h PM, while calpastatin concentration decreased at a similar rate (mean 24%). Early stimulation resulted in lower shear force (P < 0.05) at 3 days PM, especially in the heavier carcasses, indicating that higher initial temperature did accelerate tenderisation. At 14 days PM, there were no significant differences in shear force as regards stimulation time or carcass weight. Higher drip loss was however recorded in the early stimulated carcasses. Conclusions Early application of low-voltage electrical stimulation produced faster tenderisation early PM, due to higher rigor temperature, but, after aging for 14 days, all meat was acceptably tender with a lower variability, regardless of the stimulation time and carcass weight. Higher drip loss was associated with higher tenderness, which is normal and not a defect. Implications The use of low-voltage electrical stimulation should be encouraged for its ability to reduce variability in meat quality due to carcass-weight differences, especially in the current feedlot systems.

Rat Model for the Study of Penile Erection: Pharmacologic and Electrical-Stimulation Parameters

1994 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Martinez-Piñerio ◽  
Gerald Brock ◽  
Flavio Trigo-Rocha ◽  
Geng Hsu ◽  
Tom F. Lue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Penile Erection ◽  
Stimulation Parameters

Increase in glutamate receptors following repetitive electrical stimulation in hippocampal slices

Life Sciences ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Baudry ◽  
M. Oliver ◽  
R. Creager ◽  
A. Wieraszko ◽  
G. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Glutamate Receptors ◽  
Hippocampal Slices ◽  
Repetitive Electrical Stimulation

Electrical Stimulation Using Kilohertz-Frequency Alternating Current

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex R Ward
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Strengthening ◽  
Stimulation Parameters ◽  
Stimulus Parameters ◽  
Stimulation Of Nerve ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Stimulation Of

Transcutaneous electrical stimulation using kilohertz-frequency alternating current (AC) became popular in the 1950s with the introduction of “interferential currents,” promoted as a means of producing depth-efficient stimulation of nerve and muscle. Later, “Russian current” was adopted as a means of muscle strengthening. This article reviews some clinically relevant, laboratory-based studies that offer an insight into the mechanism of action of kilohertz-frequency AC. It provides some answers to the question: “What are the optimal stimulus parameters for eliciting forceful, yet comfortable, electrically induced muscle contractions?” It is concluded that the stimulation parameters commonly used clinically (Russian and interferential currents) are suboptimal for achieving their stated goals and that greater benefit would be obtained using short-duration (2–4 millisecond), rectangular bursts of kilohertz-frequency AC with a frequency chosen to maximize the desired outcome.

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