Development of electroless nickel-iron plating process for microelectronic applications

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Luo ◽  
Sung K. Kang ◽  
Oblesh Jinka ◽  
Maurice Mason ◽  
Steven A. Cordes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electroless Nickel ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Iron Plating

Electrical Properties and Morphology of Electrodeposited Cobalt-Nickel-Iron on Flexible Printed Circuits

2015 ◽  
Vol 1113 ◽  
pp. 545-549
Author(s):  
Athirah Ahmad ◽  
Koay Mei Hyie ◽  
N.R. Nik Roselina ◽  
Firdaus Munir ◽  
Choong Soo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Contact Resistance ◽  
Protective Coating ◽  
Electroless Nickel ◽  
Crystallographic Structure ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Printed Circuits ◽  
Cobalt Nickel ◽  
Electrodeposited Coating ◽  
Average Grain Size

Electrodeposition is a method to electrochemically deposit alloy on various types of metal. This method has ability to produce protective coating and thin films on the metal. In this research, one of the electrodeposition methods, Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) with 10 and 20 cycles was applied to deposit Cobalt-Nickel-Iron (Co-Ni-Fe) on Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold (ENIG) Flexible Printed Circuits (FPCs). The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the electrical properties, morphology and crystallographic structure of the electrodeposited coating. Curve Trace test was conducted to identify the contact resistance of the coating. In this case, the allowable contact resistance should be less or the same as ENIG FPCs which is 1.6 Ω. Morphology of the coated circuit was observed by using FESEM while crystallographic phase of the coating was identified by XRD. Morphology study on Co-Ni-Fe coated FPCs exhibited Cauliflower like shape with average grain size of 1.49 μm and 1.88 μm for 10 and 20 cycles, respectively. CoFe, FeNi and CoO.NiO phases was noticed in the electrodeposited coating. The obtained result showed that the electrodeposited Co-Ni-Fe produced with 10 cycles has the same contact resistance as ENIG which is 1.6 Ω. 20 cycles of CV produced 1.4 Ω of contact resistance, slightly smaller than the other FPCs. This research revealed that electrodeposited Co-Ni-Fe is suitable to be applied as a protective coating while still maintaining the electrical properties of FPCs.

Analysis of electroless nickel thin films

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 510-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Price ◽  
E. F. Lindsey
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽  
Electroless Nickel ◽  
Inertial Confinement ◽  
Plating Bath ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nickel Thin Films ◽  
Nickel Deposits ◽  
Confinement Fusion ◽  
Thickness Measurements

Thickness measurements of thin films are performed by both energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and x-ray fluorescence (XRF). XRF can measure thicker films than EDS, and XRF measurements also have somewhat greater precision than EDS measurements. However, small components with curved or irregular shapes that are used for various applications in the the Inertial Confinement Fusion program at LLNL present geometrical problems that are not conducive to XRF analyses but may have only a minimal effect on EDS analyses. This work describes the development of an EDS technique to measure the thickness of electroless nickel deposits on gold substrates. Although elaborate correction techniques have been developed for thin-film measurements by x-ray analysis, the thickness of electroless nickel films can be dependent on the plating bath used. Therefore, standard calibration curves were established by correlating EDS data with thickness measurements that were obtained by contact profilometry.

A possibility of using nickel concentrate, obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment of manganese-containing raw materials, at steel alloying

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 709-715
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Kichigina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Nickel Recovery ◽  
Nickel Concentrate ◽  
Steel Alloying ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Comprehensive Processing

At production of stainless steel expensive alloying elements, containing nickel, are used. To decrease the steel cost, substitution of nickel during steel alloying process by its oxides is an actual task. Results of analysis of thermodynamic and experimental studies of nickel reducing from its oxide presented, as well as methods of nickel oxide obtaining at manganese bearing complex raw materials enrichment and practice of its application during steel alloying. Technology of comprehensive processing of complex manganese-containing raw materials considered, including leaching and selective extraction out of the solution valuable components: manganese, nickel, iron, cobalt and copper. Based on theoretical and experiment studies, a possibility of substitution of metal nickel by concentrates, obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment, was confirmed. Optimal technological parameters, ensuring high degree of nickel recovery out of the initial raw materials were determined. It was established, that for direct steel alloying it is reasonable to add into the charge pellets, consisting of nickel concentrate and coke fines, that enables to reach the through nickel recovery at a level of 90%. The proposed method of alloying steel by nickel gives a possibility to decrease considerably steel cost at the expense of application of nickel concentrate, obtained out of tails of hydrometallurgical enrichment of manganese-bearing raw materials, which is much cheaper comparing with the metal nickel.

ALLOY 48

Alloy Digest ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Alloy ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Magnetic Core ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Core Losses ◽  
Instrument Transformers ◽  
Nickel Iron Alloy ◽  
Shielding Material ◽  
Communication Equipment

Abstract ALLOY 48 is a vacuum-melted, 48% nickel-iron alloy designed for high permeability, and low core losses. It is ideal in applications requiring efficient magnetic core materials, such as audio and instrument transformers, instrument relays, and many other communication equipment devices. It is excellent for rotor and stator laminations, and is also a very effective magnetic shielding material. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Fe-52. Producer or source: Magnetics Specialty Metals Division. See also Alloy Digest Fe-96, April 1992.

NIROMET 46

Alloy Digest ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Iron Alloy ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Nickel Iron Alloy ◽  
Glass Seals

Abstract Niromet 46 is a 46% nickel-iron alloy having low and controlled coefficient of expansion. It is recommended for metal-to-glass seals and terminal bands in vitreous enameled resistors. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Fe-39. Producer or source: Wilbur B. Driver Company.

NI-SPAN-C Alloy 902

Alloy Digest ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Chromium Alloy ◽  
Constant Modulus ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Iron Chromium Alloy ◽  
Iron Chromium

Abstract N1-SPAN-C alloy 902 is an age-hardenable, nickel-iron-chromium alloy. Its outstanding characteristic is a controllable thermoelastic coefficient. Proper combination of cold work and thermal treatment can produce an essentially constant modulus of elasticity from -50 F to +150 F. The alloy is especially suitable for many types of precision equipment where elastic members are subject to temperature fluctuations. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness and fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: Fe-32. Producer or source: Huntington Alloy Products Division, An INCO Company.

INVAR

Alloy Digest ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Iron Alloy ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Nickel Iron Alloy

Abstract INVAR is a 36% nickel-iron alloy having the lowest coefficient of expansion, recommended for applications requiring no dimensional changes with temperature variations. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on low and high temperature performance, and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: Fe-24. Producer or source: Carpenter.

INCO ALLOY 330

Alloy Digest ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Temperature Alloy ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Inco Alloy ◽  
Iron Chromium

Abstract INCO ALLOY 330 is a nickel/iron/chromium austenitic alloy, not hardenable by heat treatment. It is a solid solution strengthened high-temperature alloy. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as creep. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ni-403. Producer or source: Inco Alloys International Inc..

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