Mining Research Problems from Scientific Literature

The article is devoted to determining the list of administrative and legal instruments for ensuring the implementation of state policy in the field of European integration of Ukraine. In order to achieve the stated purpose, it seems necessary to solve the following research problems: 1) to analyze the domestic scientific literature devoted to understanding the category of “administrative and legal instruments” or its analogues; 2) identify the types of administrative and legal instruments used by public administration entities in implementing state policy in the field of European integration of Ukraine; 3) to specify the prospects of expanding the list of administrative and legal instruments that public administration entities may use in implementing state policy in the field of European integration of Ukraine. As a result of the study the following conclusions are reached: they use the appropriate administrative and legal instruments to perform the tasks assigned to the subjects of the public administration of Ukraine involved in the implementation of state policy in the sphere of European integration of Ukraine. The conducted research allows to state that the specifics of this direction of state policy of Ukraine determines their insignificant list. These include: by-laws, planning acts and information acts; the necessity of introducing a clear procedure for involving civil society institutions and interested individuals in developing, discussing and monitoring the implementation of state policy plans in the field of European integration of Ukraine has been proved. The procedure for such involvement should be defined at the level of the Administrative Procedure Code of Ukraine; the necessity of expanding the list of administrative and legal instruments used by the public administration of Ukraine in implementing state policy in the field of European integration of Ukraine is substantiated. Their extension is possible, for example, through the involvement of administrative contracts, in particular: subordination and coordination administrative agreements. They could become the legal basis for the interaction of public administration entities of Ukraine, as well as subjects of national public administration and local self-government bodies or civil society institutions in particular areas of implementation of state policy in the field of European integration of Ukraine.

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Government Policy and Corporate Interests: Search for the Development of Agricultural Engineering in Russia in the Late XIX – early XX centuries

Humanitarian actual problems of the humanities and education ◽

10.15507/2078-9823.047.019.201903.249-262 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 249-262

Author(s):

Andrey E. Makushev

Keyword(s):

Government Policy ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Published Data ◽

Agricultural Machinery ◽

Agricultural Engineering ◽

Corporate Organization ◽

Research Problems ◽

Development Processes ◽

The Government

Introduction. Against the backdrop of increased government participation in the economic development of the country, support for agricultural engineering was seen as one of the tools for transformation in the agricultural sector, as well as a way to increase public welfare. In addition, the government was interested in the growth of agricultural production and exports, which became one of the most important sources of foreign exchange funds. This article will attempt to explore the position of the state and the forms of its participation in the development of agricultural engineering in Russia. Special attention will be paid to the process of folding the corporate organization of manufacturers of agricultural machinery and implements, against the backdrop of the strengthening of monopolistic trends in the Russian economy in the late XIX – early XX centuries. Materials and Methods. In solving the research problems, archival materials, published data of official statistics, and also scientific literature were used. The study was conducted on the basis of the principles of historicism, objectivity and system approach. The need to process quantitative data necessitated the use of a statistical method. The use of modernization theory made it possible to include the development processes of the production of agricultural machinery and implements in the trend of industrial modernization. Results. Based on a study of archival and published sources, as well as available scientific literature, the main development problems were identified, and the evolution of government policy in the field of agricultural engineering in the late XIX – early XX centuries was examined. Against the backdrop of increased government participation, the processes of capital self-organization are shown, the forms and results of interaction between government structures and corporate-monopoly organizations in the development of this industry are studied. Discussion and Conclusion. At the end of the XIX and beginning of the XX centuries, state participation in the development of the industry took place in two directions. Firstly, the customs regulation of imports of agricultural machinery, which was protectionist in nature. Secondly, direct support to manufacturers of machinery and complex technical devices for agriculture (bonuses and soft loans to owners of specialized enterprises, assistance in the transportation and marketing of products, etc.). In parallel, there was a consolidation of domestic manufacturers of agricultural machinery and implements in order to exchange experience, jointly solve the most pressing problems and lobby their interests in government circles. Since 1907, congresses of Russian manufacturers of agricultural machinery and implements began to be regularly held. In fact, this corporate organization has transformed into a monopolistic type of association. The study showed that the interaction of government structures and corporate-monopoly associations of manufacturers of agricultural machinery and implements, despite some differences, was generally cooperative in nature and had a very positive effect on the development of the industry.

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Socio-Psychological Mechanism Of Self-Identification

The American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations ◽

10.37547/tajssei/volume03issue04-106 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 03 (04) ◽

pp. 650-657

Author(s):

Turakhanov Ummatali Davlatovich ◽

Keyword(s):

Scientific Literature ◽

External World ◽

Mental Activity ◽

Self Determination ◽

Research Problems ◽

Psychological Mechanism ◽

Special Process

Based on the theoretical and methodological foundations of self-identification, it is important not only to determine its essence and its relationship to other events close to it, but also to reveal its socio-psychological mechanism. An analysis of the scientific literature on research problems shows that, first of all, self-determination is essentially a special process, a mental activity aimed at analyzing the external world, distinguishing its content and significance, generalizing the identified objects.

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Features of the Zemstvo Taxation in the Great Russian and Foreign Provinces of Russia in the Second Half of the 19th сentury

Economic History ◽

10.15507/2409-630x.051.016.202004.399-406 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 399-406

Author(s):

Pavel N. Aleshin

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Economic History ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Russian Empire ◽

Income Taxation ◽

Industrial Enterprises ◽

Land Taxation ◽

Research Problems ◽

State Taxes ◽

The Russian Empire

Introduction. The introduction of the bodies of zemstvo self-government in the Russian Empire led to the need to form the system of zemstvo budgets with their own income items, often falling on the same objects of taxation as state taxes. Most of the income came from taxation of land (state, private and peasant). In addition, the items of income were receipts from the taxation of real estate, trade and industrial enterprises, trade documents, etc. The zemstvo extended not only to Great Russian provinces but also to foreign ones, in so doing the functions of zemstvo had their own characteristics, since it was necessary to take into account ethnic and religious characteristics in provinces with a predominance of the non-Russian population. The purpose of the article is to clarify the comparison of the main sources of income of the zemstvo budget in ethnically different regions of the Russian Empire. Materials and Methods. The solution of research problems was provided by a complex of complementary theoretical (analysis of scientific literature, comparative analysis, comparison, generalization, systematization) and empirical (study and generalization of published and archival sources, hermeneutic) methods. Results. A comparative analysis of the principles and objects of taxation between the provinces of these groups (Kursk and Ufa) showed the similarity of approaches and priority of land taxation as the simplest and covering most of the payers. Discussion and Conclusions. The principles of forming zemstvo budgets throughout the Empire were unchanged, focused on the property approach of taxation, which was rather archaic due to the introduction of income taxation in the advanced countries, as the fairer one, while in Russia the main burden of taxation still fell on the shoulders of the peasantry, and led to the deficit of the zemstvo treasury. This brings the problem of forming zemstvo budgets to a further level of research into social, political and economic history.

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ON THE PROBLEM OF ADOPTION OF THE UNIFORM FOR THE TAX INSPECTORS OF THE RUSSIAN STATE IN THE LATE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURIES

Economic History ◽

10.15507/2409-630x.042.014.201803.336-343 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 336-343

Author(s):

Elena S. Kravtsova

Keyword(s):

Scientific Literature ◽

Local Taxes ◽

Russian State ◽

Research Problems ◽

Range Of Functions ◽

State And Local ◽

The Russian Empire ◽

Xix Century ◽

State And Local Taxes ◽

Different Levels

Introduction. The modernization of tax system of the Russian state in the late XIX century was directly connected with the activities of the new special body responsible for the control over the process of taxation – Tax Inspectorate, established in 1885 on the initiative of the Minister of Finance Nicolas Bunge. The range of functions of the officials of this institution was very diverse and wide initially, and subsequently it was significantly increased: including the control over the areas of grain crops and harvesting, descriptions of households, the analysis of the income of direct state and local taxes to the budgets of different levels and the identification of the causes of arrears. Materials and Methods. The solution of research problems was provided by a complex of complementary theoretical (analysis of scientific literature, comparative analysis, comparison, generalization, systematization) and empirical (study and generalization of published and archival sources, hermeneutical) methods. Results. The whole work of the inspectors was based on their direct communication with taxpayers, which led to the need for the introduction of the uniform for the officials, because it gave them significant importance in the eyes of the population. However, the introduction of the uniform was not accepted unambiguously. There were both supporters and opponents who put forward different approaches and arguments. Discussion and Conclusions. As a result of disputes, a solution satisfying all parties was found and in 1904 the uniform of assessors of the Russian Empire was approved.

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Problems of the Development of Local History Organizations in the USSR in the 1920s (on the example of the Kursk Society of Local Lore)

Humanitarian actual problems of the humanities and education ◽

10.15507/2078-9823.055.021.202103.254-261 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 254-261

Author(s):

Kirill A. Listopad

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Civil War ◽

Theoretical Analysis ◽

Empirical Study ◽

Protected Areas ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Local History ◽

Public Organization ◽

Botanical Gardens ◽

Research Problems

Introduction. The local history movement in the USSR began to form organizationally after the end of the Civil War, in the first half of the 1920s. The personnel basis of the Society was made up of local historians of pre-revolutionary Russia who did not emigrate, figures of the Soviet authorities of the province, scientists, specialists in the field of culture. The tasks of the new organization were defined very broadly: the study and popularization of the geographical and climatic, economic, cultural, historical potential of the province, the protection of natural monuments and resources, etc. The methods of work were defined as traditional (publication of scientific works, popular scientific brochures, magazines; holding public lectures, debates, excursions, competitions and exhibitions), and innovative (identification and legal registration of protected areas, organization of botanical gardens, opening of new museums, expositions, creation of biological, meteorological stations, etc. The Kursk Society of Local Lore has covered all layers of society with its work, getting used to the active activity of interested specialists, which was already shown by the first congress of the Union. Methods. The solution of the research problems was provided by a set of interconnected theoretical (analysis of scientific literature, comparative analysis, comparison, generalization, systematization) and empirical (study and generalization of sources, hermeneutic) methods. Results. For the transition to the planned work of disparate groups of enthusiasts-local historians, it was decided to create a public organization, which was legally formalized in 1923. The Charter of the Company determined the areas of work, membership parameters, the amount of contributions, etc. Immediately after the registration, the Society launched an active work, which will be forcibly discontinued by 1937. Conclusion. The selfless work of the members of the Society of Local Lore led to an increase in the interest of the population in the historical and cultural potential of the Kursk province, the emergence of various voluntary societies at schools, libraries, museums that conduct active propaganda work.

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A 200-Year History of the Study of Childhood Language Disorders of Unknown Origin: Changes in Terminology

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/2019_pers-sig1-2019-0007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 6-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Laurence B. Leonard

Keyword(s):

Language Impairment ◽

Specific Language Impairment ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Language Disorder ◽

Language Disorders ◽

Unknown Origin ◽

Developmental Language Disorder ◽

The Past ◽

History Of ◽

The Many

Purpose The current “specific language impairment” and “developmental language disorder” discussion might lead to important changes in how we refer to children with language disorders of unknown origin. The field has seen other changes in terminology. This article reviews many of these changes. Method A literature review of previous clinical labels was conducted, and possible reasons for the changes in labels were identified. Results References to children with significant yet unexplained deficits in language ability have been part of the scientific literature since, at least, the early 1800s. Terms have changed from those with a neurological emphasis to those that do not imply a cause for the language disorder. Diagnostic criteria have become more explicit but have become, at certain points, too narrow to represent the wider range of children with language disorders of unknown origin. Conclusions The field was not well served by the many changes in terminology that have transpired in the past. A new label at this point must be accompanied by strong efforts to recruit its adoption by clinical speech-language pathologists and the general public.

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Development of Reading Remediation for Dyslexic Individuals

Zeitschrift für Psychologie ◽

10.1027/2151-2604/a000259 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 224 (4) ◽

pp. 240-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mélanie Bédard ◽

Line Laplante ◽

Julien Mercier

Keyword(s):

20Th Century ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Behavioral Data ◽

Educational Neuroscience ◽

Reading Remediation ◽

Functional Brain ◽

Neurophysiological Data ◽

Brain Correlates ◽

Research Questions ◽

The Brain

Abstract. Dyslexia is a phenomenon for which the brain correlates have been studied since the beginning of the 20th century. Simultaneously, the field of education has also been studying dyslexia and its remediation, mainly through behavioral data. The last two decades have seen a growing interest in integrating neuroscience and education. This article provides a quick overview of pertinent scientific literature involving neurophysiological data on functional brain differences in dyslexia and discusses their very limited influence on the development of reading remediation for dyslexic individuals. Nevertheless, it appears that if certain conditions are met – related to the key elements of educational neuroscience and to the nature of the research questions – conceivable benefits can be expected from the integration of neurophysiological data with educational research. When neurophysiological data can be employed to overcome the limits of using behavioral data alone, researchers can both unravel phenomenon otherwise impossible to document and raise new questions.

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